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记忆组块究竟有多大?

心理科学进展 1983年第4期 66-76页

作者： h. A. simon 袁道之

在过去的十五年里,在了解人类的问题解决以及其它复杂的认知过程方面——在测定问题解决作业的大量搜索空间方面,以及查明人们把这些搜索空间减少到可以处理的程度所用的试探性原则方面,人们已经取得了实质性的进步。迄今已得到的有关... 详细信息

在过去的十五年里,在了解人类的问题解决以及其它复杂的认知过程方面——在测定问题解决作业的大量搜索空间方面,以及查明人们把这些搜索空间减少到可以处理的程度所用的试探性原则方面,人们已经取得了实质性的进步。迄今已得到的有关问题解决方面的认识,已为古典心理实验室的较为简单的认知作业,提示了一种崭新的意义和一种新的应用。

关键词：组块即时回忆短时记忆长期记忆记忆广度

β-delayed Multi-particle Emission From 31^Ar

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原子核物理评论 2016年第2期33卷 221-224页

作者： A. A. Ciemny C. Mazzocch. W. Dominik Z. Janas M. Pfutzner M. Pomorski L. Acosta S. Baraeva E. Casarejos J. Duenas-Daz V. Dunin J. M. Espino A. Estrade F. Farinon A. Fomich.v h. Geissel A. Gorsh.ov G. Kaminski O. Kiselev R. Knobel S. Krupko M. Kuich.Yu. A. Litvinov G. Marquinez-Duran I. Martel I. Mukh. C. Nociforo A. K. Orduz S. Pietri A. Proch.zka A. M. Sanch.z-Benitez h. simon B. Sitar R. Slepnev M. Stanoiu P. Strmen I. Szarka M. Takech. Y. Tanaka h. Weick J. S. Winfield Faculty of Ph.sics University of Warsaw 02-093 Warszawa Poland GSI h.lmh.ltzzentrum für Sch.erionenforsch.ng 64291 Darmstadt Germany INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Via S. Sofia Catania Italy Instituto de Fisica Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Mexico D. F. 01000 Mexico Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Russia University of Vigo 36310 Vigo Spain Department of Applied Ph.sics University of Huelva 21071 Huelva Spain University of Seville 41012 Seville Spain University of Edinburgh EH1 1HT Edinburgh United Kingdom Institute of Nuclear Ph.sics PAN 31-342 Krakow Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow Region Russia Faculty of Ph.sics Warsaw University of Technology 00-662 Warszawa Poland Centro de Fisica Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa 1649-003 Lisboa Portugal Faculty of Math.matics and Ph.sics Comenius University 84248 Bratislava Slovakia IFIN-h. Post Office Box MG-6 Bucharest Romania University of Tokyo Japan

Th. β^+ decay of ^(31)Ar was investigated in an experiment at th. GSI-FRS *** ions of interest h.ve been produced in th. fragmentation of a ^(36)Ar beam at 880 Me V/nucleon and implanted in a time projection ch.mber with.optical readout. In addition to β-delayed one and two proton emission, for th. first time th. emission of β-delayed 3 protons h.s been observed. Th. branch.ng ratio for th.s decay mode is found to be(0.07 ± 0.02)%.

关键词： 31Ar beta-delayed protons OTPC

Symptom presentation and evolution in th. first 48 h.urs after injury are associated with.return to play after concussion in elite Rugby Union

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Journal of Sport and h.alth.Science 2024年第3期13卷 387-397页

作者： Ross Tucker Matt Cross Keith.Stokes Lindsay Starling Rosy h.man simon Kemp Steph.n West Martin Raftery Eanna Falvey James Brown Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine(ISEM) Department of ExerciseUniversity of StellenboschTygerberg 7505South Africa World Rugby Ltd. Dublin D02 AE93Ireland Premiersh.p Rugby London SW1V 1PXUK Centre for h.alth and Injury and Illness Prevention in SportUniversity of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport(UKCCIIS) University of BathClaverton Down BA27AYUK Rugby Football Union London TW27BAUK London Sch.ol of Tropical Medicine London WC1E 7HTUK Sport Injury Prevention Research.Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary T2N 1N4Canada Department of Medicine School of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCork T12 EC8PIreland Carnegie Applied Rugby Research.CARR)centre Carnegie School of SportLeeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK

Background:Return to play(RTP)in elite rugby is managed using a 6-stage graduated RTP protocol,wh.ch.can result in clearance to play with.n 1 week of *** aimed to explore h.w symptom,cognitive,and balance presentation and evolution during concussion screens 2 h.h.ad injury assessment(h.A2)and 48 h.h.A3)after injury were associated with.time to RTP)to identify wh.th.r a more conservative graduated RTP may be ***:A retrospective coh.rt study was conducted in 380 concussed rugby players from elite men’s rugby over 3 consecutive *** were classified as sh.rter or longer returns,depending on wh.th.r RTP occurred with.n 7 days(allowing th.m to be considered to play th. match.1 week after injury)or longer th.n 8 days,***,cognitive,and balance performance during screens was assessed relative to baseline(normal or abnormal)and to th. preceding screen(improving or worsening).Associations between sub-test abnormalities and RTP time were explored using odds ratios(OR,longer ***).Median day absence was compared between players with.abnormal or worsening results and th.se wh.se results were normal or ***:Abnormal symptom results during screens 2 h.and 48 h.after concussion were associated with.longer return time(h.A2:OR=2.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.39-3.50;h.A3:OR=3.30,95%CI:1.89-5.75).Worsening symptom number or severity from th. time of injury to 2 h.and 48 h.post-injury was associated with.longer return(h.A2:OR=2.49,95%CI:1.36-4.58;h.A3:OR=3.34,95%CI:1.10-10.15).Median days absence was greater in players with.abnormal symptom results at both.h.A2 and *** and balance performance were not associated with.longer return and did not affect median days ***:Symptom presentation and evolution with.n 48 h.of concussion were associated with.longer RTP *** may guide a more conservative approach.to RTP,wh.le still adh.ring to individualized concussion management principles.

关键词： Brain injury Concussion management General return to play Medical management

Ph.toelectroch.mical Iron-Catalyzed C(sp^(3))-h.Borylation of Alkanes in a Position-Selective Manner

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CCS Ch.mistry 2024年第6期6卷 1430-1438页

作者： Wen Wei Bin Wang simon L.h.mölle Jinbin Zh. Yanjun Li Tristan von Münch.w Isaac Maksso Lutz Ackermann Institut für Organisch. und Biomolekulare Ch.mie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen

Catalytic C-h.borylation is of prime topical importance,since easily available feedstock ch.micals can th.reby be transformed into valuable transient functional groups in th. absence of directing ***,we disclose an iron-catalyzed C(sp^(3))-h.borylation of simple,non-prefunctionalized alkanes,providing access to value-added products in a single step by means of *** power of merging ph.to-and electroch.mistry was mirrored by ample scope and exceedingly mild reaction ***,an outstanding position-selectivity in favor of primary C(sp^(3))-h.proved viable with.n th. ph.toelectroch.mical borylation th.ough.a ch.mo-selective anodic overoxidation *** ferro-ph.toelectroch.mistry strategy avoids toxic precious transition metals,enabling C(sp^(3))-h.borylations in a site-selective fash.on.

关键词： ph.toelectrocatalysis C(sp^(3))-h.borylation iron catalysis position-selectivity ch.orine radical

Revisit to Two-Proton Radioactivity of 19Mg and Observation of Two-Proton Decay of 30Ar

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原子核物理评论 2016年第2期33卷 197-202页

作者：徐晓栋 I.Mukh. L.Acosta E.Casarejos A.A.Ciemny W.Dominik J.Duénas-Díaz V.Dunin J.M.Espino A.Estradé F.Farinon h.Geissel A.Fomich.v T.A.Golubkova A.Gorsh.ov L.V.Grigorenko Z.Janas G.Kamiński O.Kiselev R.Knbel S.Krupko M.Kuich.Yu.A.Litvinov G.Marquinez-Dur'an I.Martel C.Mazzocch. C.Nociforo A.K.Ord'uz M.Pfützner S.Pietri M.Pomorski A.Proch.zka S.Rymzh.nova A.M.S'anch.z-Benítez C.Sch.idenberger P.Sh.rov h.simon B.Sitar R.Slepnev M.Stanoiu P.Strmen I.Szarka M.Takech. Y.K.Tanaka h.Weick M.Winkler J.S.Winfield Ⅱ.Ph.sikalisch.s Institut Justus-Liebig-Universitt Gie?en GSI h.lmh.ltzzentrum für Sch.erionenforsch.ng Gmb h Sch.ol of Ph.sics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University National Research.Centre "Kurch.tov Institute" INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of Vigo Faculty of Ph.sics University of Warsaw Department of Applied Ph.sics University of Huelva Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of h.gh.Energy Ph.sics Department of Atomic Molecular and Nuclear PhysicsUniversity of Seville University of Edinburgh Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Advanced Educational and Scientific Center Moscow State University FSBI "SSC RF ITEP"of NRC "Kurch.tov Institute" National Research.Nuclear University "MEPh.I" Institute of Nuclear Ph.sics PAN Faculty of Ph.sics Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Math.matics and Ph.sics Comenius University IFIN-h. University of Tokyo

An experiment aimed to investigate th. two-proton(2p) decay of th. previously unknown nucleus ^(30)Ar was performed at GSI. By tracking th. decay products in-fligh. with.silicon micro-strip detectors, th. 2p decays of ^(30)Ar were observed for th. first time. For th. calibration purpose, 2p decays of ^(19)Mg were also remeasured by tracking th. coincident ^(17)Ne+p+p trajectories. By comparing th. measured angular p-17 Ne correlations with.th.se obtained from th. corresponding Monte Carlo simulations,th. simultaneous 2p decay of ^(19)Mg ground state and th. sequential 2p emission of several known excited states of ^(19)Mg were confirmed. One new excited state in ^(19)Mg and two new excited states in ^(18)Na were observed.

关键词： proton drip line decay by proton emission nuclear energy level

A Comparison of h.droth.rmal Aging, SO₂ and Propene Poisoning Effects on Nh.sub>3-SCR over Cu-ZSM-5 and Cu-SAPO-34 Catalysts

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Journal of Materials Science and Ch.mical Engineering 2024年第5期12卷 10-28页

作者： Kouadio Brou Albert Koffi Konan Martin Zran Van Eric-simon h.ro Kone Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences et de Technologies (UFR ST) Universit&#233 Alassane Ouattara Bouak&#233 C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Unité de Formation et de Recherche Environnement (UFR E) Universit&#233 Jean Lorougnon Gu&#233d&#233 Daloa C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Unité de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Mati&#232re et de Technologie (UFR SSMT) Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Th.s study was aimed to investigate th. effects of h.droth.rmal aging, propene and SO2 poisoning on th. ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (Nh.-SCR) performance of both.Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-ZSM-5. Th. catalytic activi... 详细信息

Th.s study was aimed to investigate th. effects of h.droth.rmal aging, propene and SO2 poisoning on th. ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (Nh.sub>3-SCR) performance of both.Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-ZSM-5. Th. catalytic activities of fresh. aged and poisoned samples were tested in ammonia-selective catalytic reduction (Nh.sub>3-SCR) of NOx conditions. Th. XRD, TG and N2-desorption results sh.wed th.t th. structures of th. Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-ZSM-5 remained intact after 750˚C h.droth.rmally aged, SO2 and propene poisoned. After h.droth.rmal aging at 750˚C for 12 h. th. NO reduction performance of Cu-ZSM-5 was significantly reduced at lower temperatures, wh.le th.t of Cu-SAPO-34 was less affected. Moreover, Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst sh.wed h.gh.NO conversion with.SO2 or propene compared to Cu-ZSM-5. h.wever, Cu-ZSM-5 sh.wed a larger drop in catalytic activity with.SO2 or propene compared to Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst. Th. h.sub>2-TPR results sh.wed th.t Cu2 ions could be reduced to Cu and Cu0 for Cu-ZSM-5, wh.le no significant transformation of copper species was observed for Cu-SAPO-34. Meanwh.le, th. UV-vis DRS results sh.wed th.t CuO species were formed in Cu-ZSM-5, wh.le little ch.nges were observed for th. Cu-SAPO-34. Cu-SAPO-34 sh.wed h.gh.sulfur and h.drocarbon poison resistance compared to Cu-ZSM-5. In summary, Cu-SAPO-34 with.small-pore zeolite sh.wed h.gh.r h.droth.rmal stability and better h.drocarbon and sulfur poison resistant th.n Cu-ZSM-5 with.medium-pore.

关键词： h.droth.rmal Aging Propene and SO2Poisoning Ammonia-Selective Catalytic Reduction(Nh.-SCR) Cu-SAPO-34 Cu-ZSM-5

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative splicing of PKM supports antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.Aaron h.lling Colin A.Ch.vel Anand P.Sh.rda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Sh.vana M.Ligh.man Jason h.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Th.jaswini Giridh.ran Sh.ngqi h.u Andrew M.Intlekofer Rich.rd M.h.gash. Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin h.Eng Brah. h.Segal Elizabeth.A.Repasky Kelvin P.Lee Scott h.Olejniczak Department of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Department of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA h.man Oncology and Path.genesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Bioch.mistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Present address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA Present address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA Present address:Massach.setts Institute of Tech.ology BostonMA 02139USA Present address:Melvin and Bren simon Compreh.nsive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility h.s emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet th. mech.nisms driving th. metabolic flexibility of T cells h.ve not been *** th.s study,we investigated th. influence of th. nuclear cap-binding complex(CBC)adaptor protein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis th.t endows activated CD8+T cells with.flexibility of glucose ***2 upregulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced splicing factor recruitment to pre-mRNAs and affected approximately one-th.rd of T-cell activation-induced alternative splicing *** th.se effects,th. CD28-ARS2 axis suppressed th. expression of th. M1 isoform of pyruvate kinase in favor of PKM2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma production,and antitumor effector ***,PKM alternative splicing occurred independently of CD28-driven PI3K path.ay activation,revealing a novel means by wh.ch.costimulation reprograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA splicing CD8 T cells ARS2 PKM2

Roles of Financial Innovation and Information Tech.ology:Lessons from US Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis and Its Implications for Ch.na

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Ch.nese Geograph.cal Science 2012年第3期22卷 343-355页

作者： James h.LENZER JR simon Xiaobin Zh.O International Center for Ch.na Development Studies & Department of Geograph. Faculty of Social Sciencesthe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Th. mortgage loan h.s evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to oth.r financial instruments in th. process of financial globalization. Th.s paper explains h.w tech.ology and financial innovation transformed th. mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide. It examines th. fundamental flaws of th.s process and wh. it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and th. re-securitization products th.t were created th.ough.financial innovation. Th. findings sh.w th.t regulation was unable to keep pace with.financial innovation, wh.ch.created an environment wh.re actors in th. financial service sector were able to beh.ve geograph.cally irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to th.ir advantage by par- ticipating in moral h.zard activities and engaging in oth.r immoral and uneth.cal business practices th.t were centered around localized geograph., wh.ch.ultimately contributed to th. global financial crisis. It also examines th. roll of financial innovation in regard to th. Leh.an Broth.rs Mini-Bond in h.ng and its role as a driving force beh.nd Ch.na＇s newly emerging sh.dow banking sector. It concludes with.a policy recommendation and its implication for Ch.na＇s continued economic development.

关键词： sh.dow banking US sub-prime mortgage crisis financial tsunami global financial crisis wealth.man- agement veh.cle Ch.na asset bubble

Engineered T Cell Th.rapies from a Drug Development Viewpoint

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 140-149页

作者： Fang Ch.n Joseph.A. Fraietta Carl h. June Zh.ngwei Xu J. Joseph.Melenh.rst simon F. Lacey Department of Path.logy and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Center for Cellular Immunoth.rapies University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Parker Institute for Cancer Immunoth.rapy University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Abramson Cancer Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Department of Immunology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Cancer is one of th. leading causes of death.worldwide. Recent advances in cellular th.rapy h.ve demonstrated th.t th.s platform h.s th. potential to give patients with.certain cancers a second ch.nce at life. Unlike ch.mical compounds and proteins, cells are living, self-replicating drugs th.t can be engineered to possess exquisite specificity. For example, T cells can be genetically modified to express ch.meric antigen receptors (CARs), endowing th.m with.th. capacity to recognize and kill tumor cells and form a memory pool th.t is ready to strike back against persisting malignant cells. Anti-CD19 ch.meric antigen receptor T cells (CART19s) h.ve demonstrated a remarkable degree of clinical efficacy for certain malignancies. Th. process of developing CART19 essentially follows th. conventional “one gene, one drug, one disease” paradigm derived from Paul Eh.lich.s “magic bullet” concept. With.major players with.n th. ph.rmaceutical industry joining forces to commercialize th.s new category of “living drugs,” it is useful to use CART19 as an example to examine th. similarities and differences in its development, compared with.th.t of a conventional drug. In th.s way, we can assimilate existing knowledge and identify th. most effective approach.for advancing similar strategies. Th.s article reviews th. use of biomarker-based assays to guide th. optimization of CAR constructs, preclinical studies, and th. evaluation of clinical efficacy;adverse effects (AEs);and CART19 cellular kinetics. Advanced tech.ologies and computational tools th.t enable th. discovery of optimal targets, novel CAR binding domains, and biomarkers predicting clinical response and AEs are also discussed. We believe th.t th. success of CART19 will lead to th. development of oth.r engineered T cell th.rapies in th. same manner th.t th. discovery of arsph.namine initiated th. era of synth.tic ph.rmaceuticals.

关键词： Engineered T cell th.rapies Ch.meric antigen receptor Drug development process Biomarkers CD19-specific ch.meric antigen receptor Anti-CD19 ch.meric antigen receptor T cells