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Activation characteristics of candidate structural materials for a near-term Indian fusion reactor and the impact of their impurities on design considerations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第6期20卷 186-193页

作者： h l swami C DANANI A K ShAW Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar Gujarat 382428 India homi Bhabha National Institute (hBNI) Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India

Activation analyses play a vital role in nuclear reactor *** analyses,along with nuclear analyses,provide important information for nuclear safety and maintenance *** analyses also help in the selection of materials for a nuclear reactor,by providing the radioactivity and dose rate levels after *** information is important to help define maintenance activity for different parts of the reactor,and to plan decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal *** study of activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors or ITER is equally essential,due to the presence of a highenergy neutron environment which makes decisive demands on material *** study comprises two parts; in the first part the activation characteristics,in a fusion radiation environment,of several elements which are widely present in structural materials,are *** reveals that the presence of a few specific elements in a material can diminish its feasibility for use in the nuclear *** second part of the study concentrates on activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors and their comparison in fusion radiation *** structural materials selected for this study,***-specific Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic steel（IN-RAFMS）,P91-grade steel,stainless steel 316 lN ITER-grade（SS-316 lN-IG）,stainless steel 316 l and stainless steel 304,are candidates for use in ITER either in vessel components or test blanket *** is also included in this study because of its use for ITER plasma-facing *** study is carried out using the reference parameters of the ITER fusion *** activation characteristics of the materials are assessed considering the irradiation at an ITER equatorial *** presence of elements like Nb,Mo,Co and Ta in a structural material enhance the activity level as well as the dose level,which has an

关键词： activation EASY nuclear safety fusion reactor structural materials

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Neutronic analysis of Indian helium-cooled solid breeder tritium breeding module for testing in ITER

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第6期24卷 189-195页

作者： h l swami Deepak ShARMA C DANANI P ChAUDhARI R SRINIVASAN Rajesh KUMAR Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar 382428India homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai 400094India

India has proposed the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket concept as a tritium breeding module to be tested in *** module has lithium titanate for tritium breeding and beryllium for neutron *** also enhances tritium breeding.A design for the module is prepared for detailed *** analysis is performed to assess the tritium breeding rate,neutron distribution,and heat distribution in the *** tritium production distribution in submodules is evaluated to support the tritium transport *** tritium breeding density in the radial direction of the module is also assessed for further optimization of the *** heat deposition profile of the entire module is generated to support the heat removal circuit *** estimated neutron spectrum in the radial direction also provides a more in-depth picture of the nuclear interactions inside the material *** total tritium produced in the hCSB module is around 13.87 mg per full day of operation of ITER,considering the 400 s ON time and 1400 s dwell *** estimated nuclear heat load on the entire module is around 474 kW,which will be removed by the high-pressure helium cooling *** heat deposition in the test blanket model(TBM)is huge(around 9 GJ)for an entire day of operation of ITER,which demonstrates the scale of power that can be produced through a fusion reactor *** per the Brayton cycle,it is equivalent to 3.6 GJ of electrical *** terms of power production,this would be around 1655 MWh *** evaluation is carried out using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo radiation transport code and FEDNl 2.1 nuclear cross section *** hCSB TBM neutronic performance demonstrates the tritium production capability and high heat deposition.

关键词： hCSB TBM tritium nuclear heat ITER

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Physics design of 14 MeV neutron generator facility at the Institute for Plasma Research

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Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第12期25卷 115-121页

作者： h l swami S VAlA M RAJPUT M ABhANGI Ratnesh KUMAR A SAXENA Rajesh KUMAR Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar 382428India homi Bhabha National Institute Training School ComplexMumbai 400094India

A high energy and high yield neutron source is a prime requirement for technological studies related to fusion reactor development. It provides a high-energy neutron environment for small-scale fusion reactor components research and testing such as tritium breeding, shielding, plasmafacing materials, reaction cross-section data study for fusion materials, etc. Along with ITER participation, the Institute of Plasma Research, India is developing an accelerator-based 14 MeV neutron source with a yield of 10^(12)n s^(-1). The design of the source is based on the deuterium–tritium fusion reaction. The deuterium beam is accelerated and delivered to the tritium target to generate 14 MeV neutrons. The deuterium beam energy and tritium availability in the tritium target are the base parameters of the accelerator-based neutron source design. The paper gives the physics design of the neutron generator facility of the Institute for Plasma Research. It covers the requirements, design basis, and physics parameters of the neutron generator. As per the analytical results generator can produce more than 1 × 10^(12)n s^(-1)with a 110 keV D^(+) ion beam of 10 mA and a minimum 5 Ci tritium target. however, the detailed simulation with the more realistic conditions of deuteron ion interaction with the tritium titanium target shows that the desired results cannot be achieved with 110 keV. The safe limit of the ion energy should be 300 keV as per the simulation. At 300 keV ion energy and 20 mA current, it reaches 1.6 × 10^(12)n s^(-1). Moreover, it was found that to ensure sufficiently long operation time a tritium target of more than 20 Ci should be used. The scope of the neutron source is not limited to the fusion reactor research studies, it is extended to other areas such as medical radioisotopes research, semiconductor devices irradiations, and many more.

关键词： neutron generator neutronics accelerator physics design nuclear fusion

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A neutronic experiment to support the design of an Indian TBM shield module for ITER

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 147-152页

作者： h l swami M ABhANGI Sanchit ShARMA S TIWARI A N MISTRY V VASAVA V MEhTA S VAlA C DANANI V ChAUDhARI P ChAUDhURI Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar Gujarat 382428 India homi Bhabha National Institute(hBNI) Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University Gandhinagar Gujarat 382007 India

A shield module is associated with an Indian Test Blanket Module (TBM) in ITER to limit the radiation doses in port inter-space *** shield module is made of stainless steel plates and water *** is identified as an important component for radiation protection because of its radiation exposure control *** radiation protection classification leads to more assurance of the component *** order to validate and verify the design of the shield module,a neutronic laboratory-scale experiment is designed and *** experiment is planned by considering the irradiation under a neutron source of 14 MeV and yields of 1010 n *** reference neutron spectrum of the ITER TBM shield module has been achieved through optimization of the neutron source spectrum by a combination of steel and lead *** neutron spectrum and flux are measured using a multiple foil activation technique and neutron dose-rate meter lB 6411 (he-3 proton recoil counter with polyethylene),*** neutronic design simulation is assessed using MCNP5 and FENDl 2.1 crosssection *** paper covers neutronic design,irradiation and the outcome of the experiment in detail.

关键词： TBM shield module neutronic experiment ITER MCNP neutron attenuation

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Plant Cell Wall-like Soft Materials:Micro-and Nanoengineering,Properties,and Applications

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Nano-Micro letters 2025年第5期17卷 37-77页

作者： Roya Koshani Mica l.Pitcher Jingyi Yu Christine l.Mahajan Seong h.Kim Amir Sheikhi Department of Chemical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biology The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA huck Institutes of the life Sciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Neurosurgery College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA 17033USA

Plant cell wall(CW)-like soft materials,referred to as artificial CWs,are composites of assembled polymers containing micro-/nanoparticles or fibers/fibrils that are designed to mimic the composition,structure,and mechanics of plant ***-like materials have recently emerged to test hypotheses pertaining to the intricate structure–property relationships of native plant CWs or to fabricate functional ***,research on plant CWs and CW-like materials is reviewed by distilling key studies on biomimetic composites primarily composed of plant polysaccharides,including cellulose,pectin,and hemicellulose,as well as organic polymers like ***-and nanofabrication of plant CW-like composites,characterization techniques,and in silico studies are reviewed,with a brief overview of current and potential ***-/nanofabrication approaches include bacterial growth and impregnation,layer-by-layer assembly,film casting,3-dimensional templating microcapsules,and particle *** characterization techniques are necessary for the comprehensive mechanical,chemical,morphological,and structural analyses of plant CWs and CW-like ***-like materials demonstrate versatility in real-life applications,including biomass conversion,pulp and paper,food science,construction,catalysis,and reaction *** review seeks to facilitate the rational design and thorough characterization of plant CW-mimetic materials,with the goal of advancing the development of innovative soft materials and elucidating the complex structure–property relationships inherent in native CWs.

关键词： Synthetic plants Biomimicry Acellular wall Composites living materials Soft matter

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina hromada Patrick heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teuschl-Woller David hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). however, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Seasonal influence on miRNA expression dynamics of extracellular vesicles in equine follicular fluid

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2025年第1期16卷 136-152页

作者： Jean M.Feugang Ahmed Gad Nico G.Menjivar Ghassan M.Ishak Samuel Gebremedhn Melba O.Gastal Notsile h.Dlamini Radek Prochazka Eduardo l.Gastal Dawit Tesfaye Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology laboratory(ARBl) Department of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Department of Animal Production Faculty of AgricultureCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Department of Surgery and Obstetrics College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BaghdadBaghdad 10011Iraq Animal Science School of Agricultural SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA J.R.Simplot Company KunaID 83634USA Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Czech Academy of SciencesLiběchov 27721Czech Republic

Background Ovarian follicular fluid(FF)is a dynamic environment that changes with the seasons,affecting follicle development,ovulation,and oocyte *** in the follicles release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles(EVs)containing vital regulatory molecules,such as microRNAs(miRNAs).These miRNAs are pivotal in facilitating commu-nication within the follicles through diverse signaling and information transfer ***-coupled miRNA signaling is implicated to be associated with ovarian function,follicle and oocyte growth and response to various environmen-tal ***,we investigated how seasonal variations directly influence the ovulatory and anovulatory states of ovarian follicles and how are they associated with follicular fluid EV-coupled miRNA dynamics in *** Ultrasonographic monitoring and follicular fluid aspiration of preovulatory follicles in horses during the ano-vulatory(spring:non-breeding)and ovulatory(spring,summer,and fall:breeding)seasons and subsequent EV isola-tion and miRNA profiling identified significant variation in EV-miRNA cargo *** identified 97 miRNAs with dif-ferential expression among the groups and specific clusters of miRNAs involved in the spring transition(miR-149,-200b,-206,-221,-328,and-615)and peak breeding period(including miR-143,-192,-451,-302b,-100,and let-7c).Bioinformatic analyses showed enrichments in various biological functions,e.g.,transcription factor activity,transcrip-tion and transcription regulation,nucleic acid binding,sequence-specific DNA binding,p53 signaling,and post-trans-lational *** analyses revealed distinct sets of significantly up-and down-regulated miRNAs associ-ated with spring anovulatory(Cluster 1)and summer ovulation–the peak breeding season(Clusters 4 and 6).Conclusions The findings from the current study shed light on the dynamics of FF-EV-coupled miRNAs in relation to equine ovulatory and anovulatory seasons,and their roles in understanding the

关键词： Extracellular vesicle Follicle growth Follicular fluid horse Mare Ovulation Pre-ovulation Seasonal breeding

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Traditional and Nano Materials Used in Consolidation of Sandstone Used in Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, Egypt

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 18-30页

作者： Essam h. Mohamed Zeinab Mahmoud Ahmed Mahmoud l. Abd El-latif Department of Archaeological Conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt Department of Conservation Faculty of Archaeology South Valley University Qena Egypt housing and Building Research Center Giza Egypt

This experimental study assesses the effectiveness of traditional and nano-materials in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of deteriorated sandstone from Ramesses III Temple, Karnak, luxor, Egypt. Treatments included Nano Estel (5%), Paraloid B-72 (3%), Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%), and ethyl silicates. Treated samples underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical/mechanical testing. Results show that Paraloid B-72/Nano Estel (3%/5%) yielded optimal consolidation, significantly improving sandstone’s physical and mechanical properties.

关键词： Ramesses III Temple Deteriorated Sandstone Consolidation Treatments Nano Material Physical and Mechanical Properties

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Optimizing Performance of atgrade Intersection with Bus Rapid Transit Corridor and heterogeneous Traffic

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2012年第2期1卷 131-145页

作者： hemant Kumar Sharma Mansha swami B.l.swami Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017India Rajasthan Urban Infrastructure Development Project(Asian Development Bank assisted Project) Jaipur-302017India Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat-395007India

Bus Rapid Transit(BRT)has emerged as a preferred mode of public transport in various countries all over the world for its cost effectiveness in construction as well as in operation and *** rapid transit feature of BRT is seen as a solution to many traffic problems in these ***,in developing countries like India,the right–of-way for most of the roads is restricted and traffic is heterogeneous in *** of BRT in existing right–ofway reduces the capacity available for other motorized *** the buses travel with a certain frequency on dedicated bus-ways,the dedicated corridor remains unused for most of the period when other traffic on motorized vehicle(MV)lanes suffers from *** problem gets severe at ***,if buses are operated in mixed traffic it is no more rapid ***,a solution is required to address this problem and optimize the performance of traffic as a *** paper presents the effect if dedicated bus-ways end at a reasonable distance before the stop line at a busy signalized at-grade intersection,and bus lanes(beyond that)are made available to all the motorized vehicular traffic(heterogeneous traffic)at *** performance evaluation is done in terms of average queue length,maximum queue length,average delay time per vehicle,vehicle throughput,average speed in network and emission of Carbon monoxide CO,mono-nitrogen oxides NOx and Volatile organic compounds(VOC).It is observed that availability of bus lanes to other motorized traffic for a reasonable distance before intersection considerably reduces the average queue length,maximum queue length,average delay time per vehicle and emission per vehicle,while there is an increase in vehicle throughput and average speed of all the vehicles in the *** it results in reduction of congestion and performance enhancement of at-grade intersections and *** of investigation are relevant in international ***

关键词： Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) Performance Optimization Microscopic Simulation

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东北婆罗洲古地理重建:巴利奥宗(Baliojong)大洋板块地层碎屑物源和年代学

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地质学报 2025年第02期99卷 382-398页

作者：许迪 Suzanna h A van de lAGEMAAT Junaidi ASIS 曹立成 Eldert l ADVOKAAT 姚会强中国地质大学(武汉)海洋学院乌特勒支大学地球科学系沙巴大学自然与科学学院广州海洋地质调查局国土资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室

受古大洋持续俯冲活动的影响,东南亚现存微陆块众多,其成因和构造演化复杂,使得该地区古地理重建难度极大,特别是东北婆罗洲地块的构造属性和前新生代古地理尚有较大争议。东北婆罗洲出露的巴利奥宗(Baliojong)大洋板块地层,是记录古大... 详细信息

受古大洋持续俯冲活动的影响,东南亚现存微陆块众多,其成因和构造演化复杂,使得该地区古地理重建难度极大,特别是东北婆罗洲地块的构造属性和前新生代古地理尚有较大争议。东北婆罗洲出露的巴利奥宗(Baliojong)大洋板块地层,是记录古大洋由洋壳扩张至俯冲消亡的珍贵素材。本文对该地层西段两个浊积岩剖面开展了详细的物源和年代学调查,综合运用全岩地球化学、矿物学、锆石U-Pb年代学-地球化学-形态学来限定其沉积时代和组成成分,进而揭示古大洋俯冲历史和上覆板块古地理。结果显示两剖面样品的各物源和年代学指标均存在较大差异,东侧浊积岩(剖面BF2)较西侧浊积岩(剖面BF5)具有更年轻的沉积年龄、更高的成分成熟度和碎屑组分含量、偏基性的母岩成分、更丰富和更大粒径的加里东期和印支期锆石颗粒。这些信息明确指示两套浊积岩为不同期次的俯冲增生产物。综合新获得碎屑年代学最大沉积年龄指标以及前人测定的硅质岩和玄武岩年龄,推测两套浊积岩形成于晚白垩世(～87 Ma和～93 Ma)。通过对比巴利奥宗浊积岩与婆罗洲及周缘板块物源区的锆石U-Pb年龄信号,发现其与印支地块南缘—东马地块—西北婆罗洲一带存在潜在的源汇联系,推测巴利奥宗大洋板块地层形成的俯冲带位置更靠近巽他大陆,而不是华南大陆。本研究揭示的东北婆罗洲晚白垩世古地理对重建南海—东南亚地区中生代古大洋俯冲体系具有重要意义。

关键词：古太平洋东北婆罗洲古地理晚白垩世锆石U-Pb年代学沉积年龄大洋板块地层

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