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The effectiveness of different wear indicators in quantifying wear on railway wheels of freight wagons

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第3期32卷 307-323页

作者： Philipe Augusto de Paula Pacheco M.Magelli Matheus Valente Lopes Pedro henrique Alves Correa N.Zampieri N.Bosso Auteliano antunes dos Santos Federal Institute of the Southeast of Minas Gerais(IF Sudeste MG) Técnico PanamáStreet 45Santos DumontMG 36246-311Brazil Railway Laboratory(Lafer) Universidade Estadual de Campinas(UNICAMP)Mendeleyev Street 200CampinasSP 13083-872Brazil Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico Di TorinoC.so Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 TurinItaly

Railway infrastructure relies on the dynamic interaction between wheels and rails;thus,assessing wheel wear is a critical aspect of maintenance and *** paper focuses on the wheel-rail wear indicator T-gamma(Tγ).Amidst its use,it becomes apparent that Tγ,while valuable,fails to provide a comprehensive reflection of the actual material removal and actual contact format,which means that using only Tγas a target for optimization of profiles is not *** this work,three different freight wagons are evaluated:a meter-gauge and a broad-gauge heavy haul vehicles from South American railways,and a standard-gauge freight vehicle operated in Europe,with different axle loads and dissimilar new wheel/rail *** vehicles are subjected to comprehensive multibody simulations on various *** simulations aimed to elucidate the intricate relationship between different wear indicators:Tγ,wear index,material removal,and maximum wear depth,under diverse curves,non-compensated lateral accelerations(A_(nc)),and *** findings showed a correlation of 0.96 between Tγand wear depth and 0.82 between wear index and material removed for the outer *** the results,the Tγis better than the wear index to be used when analyzing wear depth while the wear index is more suited to foresee the material *** results also show the low influence of A_(nc)on wear index and Tγ.By considering these factors together,the study aims to improve the understanding of wheel-rail wear by selecting the best wear analysis approaches based on the effectiveness of each parameter.

关键词： Wear index Wear volume Wear modeling Dynamic simulation

The Role of Phytochrome in Stress Tolerance

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第12期53卷 920-929页

作者： Rogério Falleiros Carvalho Marcelo Lattarulo Campos Ricardo antunes Azevedo Department of Applied Biology UNESP Jaboticabal SP CEP 14884-900 Brazil Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Genetics ESALQ University of Sao Paulo Piracicaba SP CEP 13418-900 Brazil

It is well-documented that phytochromes can control plant growth and development from germination to flowering. Additionally, these photoreceptors have been shown to modulate both biotic and abiotic stress. This has led to a series of studies exploring the molecular and biochemical basis by which phytochromes modulate stresses, such as salinity, drought, high light or herbivory. Evidence for a role of phytrochromes in plant stress tolerance is explored and reviewed.

关键词： abiotic stress biotic stress photoreceptors phytochromes stress modulation.

Investigating local corrosion processes of magnesium alloys with scanning probe electrochemical techniques: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 2997-3030页

作者： Mara Cristina Lopes de Oliveira Rejane Maria Pereira da Silva Ricardo M.Souto Renato Altobelli antunes Federal University of ABC Center for EngineeringModeling and Applied Social SciencesAv.Dos Estados500109210-580Santo AndréSP Brazil Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares IPEN/CNENAv.Prof.Lineu Prestes2242São PauloBrazil Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology University of La LagunaP.O.Box 456La LagunaTenerife 38200Spain

The study of corrosion of magnesium and its alloys has emerged a hot topic in the applications of lightweight structural materials. The inherently high electrochemical activity of bare magnesium surfaces still lacks a convincing mechanism to describe the observed experimental characteristics, and it has prompted the development of various types of protective coatings with the aim of slowing metal dissolution. In recent years, new instruments and techniques have been developed to study with spatial resolution the local corrosion processes that occur in metallic materials in general, and for magnesium and its alloys in particular, both for bare surfaces and coated. Scanning microelectrochemical techniques, such as local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(LEIS), scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM), scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET), scanning ion-selective electrode technique(SIET) and scanning Kelvin probe(SKP) can provide information about the local electrochemical activity of metallic surfaces. In the present work, the applications of these techniques in corrosion studies of magnesium and its alloys are reviewed. Assessment of corrosion mechanisms, barrier properties of conventional coatings and active corrosion behavior of self-healing coatings are examined. Limitations and future developments in this area are discussed.

关键词： Magnesium alloys LEIS SECM SVET SIET SKP

Ontogenetic niche specialization of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae associated with the medusa Lychnorhiza lucerna

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 549-559页

作者： Geslaine Rafaela Lemos Gonçalves Milena Regina Wolf Mariana antunes Felipe Wanderley Amorim Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo Antonio Leão Castilho Group of Studies on Crustacean Biology Ecology and Culture-NEBECCBiosciences InstituteSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSP 18618-689Brazil and Laboratory of Pollination Ecology and Interactions-LEPI Biosciences InstituteSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuSP 18618-689Brazil

Symbiotic relationships in marine environments are not fixed and can change throughout the animal’s *** study investigated the ontogeny of symbiosis of the spider crab Libinia ferreirae with the host medusa Lychnorhiza *** described the type of relationship,the temporal correlation among species,and food *** than 50%of the sampled crabs were symbionts,most in early life *** highest number of crabs found in a single medusa was *** was observed throughout most of the year but was more evident in warm *** crab has many benefits in this relationship with a *** is the use of food resources captured by the medusa,primarily *** the crab steals the medusa’s food,it is a kleptoparasitic *** is a niche partition between symbiont and the free-living crabs as they occupy different habitats and use nonoverlapping food *** research reported that symbiosis first developed during the crab’s last larval phase(megalopa)when crab and medusa are in the same *** of the crab’s behavior shows that symbiosis occurs when the crab can grab to the medusa when the host touches the sea *** crab also took advantage of water currents,releasing itself from the substrate and then drifting toward the *** symbiotic relationship that crabs have with the medusa provides then with a nursery,food resources,shelter,dispersion,and decreased competition with free-living adult crabs,all essential for the crab’s survival.

关键词： behavior development kleptoparasitism megalopa niche segregation

Functional and structural changes in internal pudendal arteries underlie erectile dysfunction induced by androgen deprivation

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 526-532页

作者： Rheure Alves-Lopes Karla B Neves Marcondes AB Silva Vania C Olivon Silvia G Ruginsk Jose antunes-Rodrigues Leandra NZ Ramalho Rita C Tostes Fernando Silva Carneiro Department of Pharmacology Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Department of Physics and Chemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Department of Physiological Sciences Biomedical Sciences InstituteFederal University of Alfenas Alfenas MG Brazil Department of Physiology Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine Ribeirao Preto Medical School University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto SP Brazil

Androgen deficiency is strongly associated with erectile dysfunction （ED）. Inadequate penile arterial blood flow is one of the major causes of ED. The blood flow to the corpus cavernosum is mainly derived from the internal pudendal arteries （IPAs）; however, no study has evaluated the effects of androgen deprivation on IPA＇s function. We hypothesized that castration impairs IPAs reactivity and structure, contributing to ED. In our study, Wistar male rats, 8-week-old, were castrated and studied 30 days after orchiectomy. Functional and structural properties of rat IPAs were determined using wire and pressure myograph systems, respectively. Protein expression was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Plasma testosterone levels were determined using the IMMULITE 1000 Immunoassay System. Castrated rats exhibited impaired erectile function, represented by decreased intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure ratio. IPAs from castrated rats exhibited decreased phenylephrine- and electrical field stimulation （EFS）-induced contraction and decreased acetylcholine- and EFS-induced vasodilatation. IPAs from castrated rats exhibited decreased internal diameter, external diameter, thickness of the arterial wall, and cross-sectional area. Castration decreased nNOS and α-actin expression and increased collagen expression, p38 （Thr180/ryr182） phosphorylation, as well as caspase 3 cleavage. In conclusion, androgen deficiency is associated with impairment of IPA reactivity and structure and increased apoptosis signaling markers. Our findings suggest that androgen deficiency-induced vascular dysfunction is an event involving hypotrophic vascular remodeling of IPAs.

关键词： androgen castration internal pudendal artery

Kriging Geostatistical Methods for Travel Mode Choice: A spatial Data Analysis to Travel Demand Forecasting

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Open Journal of Statistics 2016年第3期6卷 514-527页

作者： Viviani antunes Gomes Cira Souza Pitombo Samille Santos Rocha Ana Rita Salgueiro Department of Transportation Engineering University of S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o Carlos Brazil Department of Geology Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

This paper aims to compare the results of two techniques of Kriging (Ordinary Kriging and Indicator Kriging) that are applied to estimate the Private Motorized (PM) travel mode use (car or motorcycle) in several geographical coordinates of non-sampled values of the concerning variable. The data used was from the Origin/Destination and Public Transportation Opinion Survey, carried out in 2007/2008 at S?o Carlos (sp, Brazil). The techniques were applied in the region with 110 sample points (households). Initially, Decision Tree was applied to estimate the probability of mode choice in surveyed households, thus determining the numeric variable to be used in Ordinary Kriging. For application of Indicator Kriging it was used the variable “main travel mode” in a discrete manner, where “1” represented the use of PM travel mode and “0” characterized others travel modes. The results obtained by the two spatial estimation techniques were similar (Kriging maps and cross-validation procedure). however, the Indicator Kriging (KI) obtained the highest number of hit rates. In addition, with the KI it was possible to use the variable in its original form, avoiding error propagation. Finally, it was concluded that spatial statistics was thriving in travel demand forecasting issues, giving rise, for the both Kriging methods, to a travel mode choice surface on a confirmatory way.

关键词： Geostatistics Kriging Travel Mode Choice spatial Estimation

Water Quality of Aroeira River for Use in Irrigation of Vegetable Crops in the Northern Region of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第10期4卷 797-805页

作者： Joao Victor Martins antunes Robson Bonomo Maria da Penha Piccolo Ramos Marcelo Antonio Oliveira Institute of Biology State University of Campinas Campinas SP CEP 13083970 Brazil Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Federal University of Espirito Santo S6o Mateus ES CEP 29932540 Brazil Department of health Sciences Federal University of Espirito Santo S6o Mateus ES CEP 29932540 Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbiological quality of the water of the Aroeira River in the city of Silo Mateus, northern region of Espirito Santo State, Brazil, from April 2012 to March 2013, for use in irrigation of vegetable crops. Five points were selected along the river for analysis of ph, chloride （mg/L C1-）, total hardness （mg/L CaCO3）, dissolved oxygen （mg/L O2）, ammoniacal nitrogen （mg/L N-Nh3）, total iron （mg/L Fe）, phosphate/orthophosphate （mg/L PO43-）, turbidity （NTU）, acidity （mg/L CO2）, temperature （℃）, electrical conductivity （dS/m）, as well as microbiological and parasitological analyses. Only point l, located upstream of the points of domestic sewage discharges, is the closest to be considered suitable for use in irrigation of vegetable crop, demonstrating the possible risks to the health of populations who use water with sewage discharges in urban communities for irrigation of vegetable crops.

关键词： Contamination agriculture parasitic diseases coliforms sewage.

Influence of Testing Temperature on the Corrosion Behavior of API 5L X70 Pipeline Steel

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第6期4卷 528-532页

作者： Carlos Antonio Vieira de Almeida Machado Renato Altobelli antunes Elisabete Jorge Pessine Olandir Vercino Correa Centro de Engenharia Modelagem e Ci~ncias Sociais Aplicadas (CECS) Universidade Federal do ABC Santo Andre 09210-580Brazil Centro de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais (CCTM) Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares(IPEN/CNEN-SP) Cidade Universitaria Sao Paulo 05508-000 Brazil

It is known that localized corrosion attack takes a preponderant role in the onset of stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels in high ph conditions. Carbonate/bicarbonate solutions can be employed to study the localized corrosion behavior of these materials. In addition to the presence of chloride ions in the electrolyte, the solution temperature is also of prime importance to the onset of pitting corrosion. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the testing temperature on the corrosion behavior of the API 5L X70 pipeline steel which is a standard material for gas pipelines in Brazil. Samples were exposed to a solution consisting of Na2CO3, NahCO3 and NaCl at three different temperatures： RT （room temperature）, 40 ℃ and 60 ℃. The corrosion morphology was observed using SEM （scanning electron microscopy）. The results showed that pitting corrosion became facilitated when the steel was immersed at higher temperatures.

关键词： API 50 X70 pipeline steel corrosion temperature

Quantification of Flavonoids in Brazilian Orange Peels and Industrial Orange Juice Processing Wastes

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第7期8卷 631-644页

作者： Regina M.S.Pereira Begona Giménez-Cassina Lopez Susana N.Diniz Alyne Alexandrino antunes Daniel Moreno Garcia Carlos Rocha Oliveira Maria Cristina Marcucci Post-Graduated School in Pharmacy and Biotechnology Anhanguera University of Sao Paulo—UNIAN-SPSao PauloBrazil Department of Plant Biology and Pharmacy Course Institute of BiologyUniversity of CampinasUNICAMPCampinasBrazil Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Bioquimica Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes—UMCMogi das CruzesBrazil Departamento de Farmacologia Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Escola de Ciencias da Saude Universidade Anhembi MorumbiSao PauloBrazil

The flavonoid content in orange peels of different Brazilian citrus varieties such as bahia, lima, lima-of-persian, morcote, pera, ponkan, seleta, cravo, kinkan and pomelo was assessed. Industry processing juice wastes such as bagasse, bagasse residues, animal feeding bagasse, pulp WEUE and CORE-wash were also analyzed. The hPLC analysis indicates that the most abundant flavonoids found in these Brazilian citrus peels are hesperidin and naringin. The solvents used are selective for flavonoid extraction, and depending on their polarity, glycoside or aglycone flavonoids are extracted. The use of multivariate analysis shows that DMSO is the best solvent to extract glycosides flavanones while hexane displays high selectivity in the extraction of polymethoxylated flavones. The flavonoids present in the orange wastes, obtained at different stages of the industrial processing, are qualitative and quantitatively different. The identification and quantification of the flavonoid composition in each Brazilian citrus variety were evaluated and allowed the selection of the best solvent for the extraction of each specific class of flavonoids. These compounds were found to be more abundant in the fruit peels than in their juices, revealing their great industrial potential. The residual portion of the processing juices is also rich in flavonoids, depending on the processing step.

关键词： Citrus Orange Peel Flavonoid Brazilian Orange Orange Juice Processing Wastes