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Pathological evolution of hepatitis C virus-“healthy carriers”

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第24期14卷 3861-3865页

作者： Rodolphe Sobesky Pascal lebray Bertrand Nalpas Anas Vallet-Pichard hélène fontaine Jean-luc lagneau Stanislas Pol INSERM U785 Centre Hépato-BiliaireHpital Paul Brousse United hepatologie Hopital CochinUniversite Paris V-Rene Descartes

AIM： To determine factors associated with fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus （hCV）-infected patients without significant initial pathological lesions. METhODS： Seventy six untreated hCV-infected patients with initially normal liver as defined by a Knodell score ≤ 3, with 2 liver biopsies and detectable hCVRNA were included. Markers of fibrosis progression were assessed. RESUlTS： Median duration of infection and time between paired biopsies was 13 （95% CI： 1-28） and 4 （95% CI： 2-16） years respectively. Alaninetransaminase （AlT） activity was normal in 43.4% of cases. 50% demonstrated progression of the necroinflammation and 34% of fibrosis after a median time evolution of 4 years （95% CI： 2-16）. The median difference in the necro-inflammation and fibrosis score between biopsies was low, 1.5 and 0.0 respectively. Univariate analysis showed there was no difference between fibrosis activity or evolution according to genotype or viral load. A higher fibrosis progression （P = 0.03） was observed in patients with body mass index （BMI）〉 25. Fibrosis progression correlated with the time interval between biopsies （P = 0.01）. A significant progression of activity （1.7 vs 0.4, P 〈 0.05） or fibrosis （0.9 vs 0.0, P 〈 0.01） was observed in patients with elevated AlT. There was a significant correlation between activity progression and fibrosis progression（P = 0.003）. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that fibrosis progression was associated with elevated AlT, BMI 〉 25 and the time interval between 2 biopsies. CONClUSION： There is no fibrosis progression in 66% of patients without significant initial histopathological lesion. Fibrosis progression is associated with elevated AlT and BMI 〉 25.

关键词： hepatitis C virus liver fibrosis liver biopsy Alanine-transaminase Body mass index

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Effect of sustained virological response on long-term clinical outcome in 113 patients with compensated hepatitis C-related cirrhosis treated by interferon alpha and ribavirin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5648-5653页

作者： Roland El Braks Nathalie Ganne-Carrié hélène fontaine Jacques Paries Véronique Grando-lemaire Michel Beaugrand Stanislas Pol Jean-Claude Trinchet Department of hepatology Hopital Jean Verdier (AP-HP) and UPRES EA 3409 (University Paris 13) Bondy 93140 France Department of hepatology Hopital Cochin (AP-HP) and University Paris 5 Paris 75014 France Department of Public health Jean Verdier Hospital (AP-HP) and UPRES EA 3409 (University Paris 13) Bondy 93140 France

AIM： To assess the long-term clinical benefit of sustained virological response （SVR） in patients with hepatitis C virus （hCV） cirrhosis treated by antiviral therapy using mostly ribavirin plus interferon either standard or ***： One hundred and thirteen patients with uncomplicated hCV biopsy-proven cirrhosis, treated by at least one course of antiviral treatment ≥ 3 mo and followed ≥ 30 mo were included. The occurrence of clinical events [hepatocellular carcinoma （hCC）, decompensation and death] was compared in SVR and non SVR ***： Seventy eight patients received bitherapy and 63 had repeat treatments. SVR was achieved in 37 patients （33%）. During a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, clinical events occurred more frequently in non SVR than in SVR patients, with a significant difference for hCC （24/76 vs 1/37, P = 0.01）. No SVR patient died while 20/76 non-SVR did （P = 0.002）, mainly in relation to hCC （45%）.CONClUSION： In patients with hCV-related cirrhosis, $VR is associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of hCC and mortality during a follow-up period of 7.7 years. This result is a strong argument to perform and repeat antiviral treatments in patients with compensated cirrhosis.

关键词： hepatitis C Cirrhosis Interferon alpha

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Free-standing microscale photonic lantern spatial mode(De-)multiplexer fabricated using 3D nanoprinting

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light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1170-1185页

作者： Yoav Dana Yehudit Garcia Aleksei Kukin lauren Dallachiesa Sterenn Guerrier Nicolas K.fontaine Dan M.Marom Institute of Applied Physics Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Nokia Bell labs 600 Mountain AveNew ProvidenceNJ07974USA

Photonic lantern(Pl)spatial multiplexers show great promise for a range of applications,such as future high-capacity mode division multiplexing(MDM)optical communication networks and free-space optical *** enable efficient conversion between multiple single-mode(SM)sources and a multimode(MM)waveguide of the same *** multiplexers operate by facilitating adiabatic transitions between the SM arrayed space and the single MM ***,current fabrication methods are forcing the size of these devices to multi-millimeters,making integration with micro-scale photonic systems quite *** advent of 3D micro and nano printing techniques enables the fabrication of freestanding photonic structures with a high refractive index contrast(photopolymer-air).In this work we present the design,fabrication,and characterization of a 6-mode mixing,375µm long Pl that enables the conversion between six single-mode inputs and a single six-mode *** Pl was designed using a genetic algorithm based inverse design approach and fabricated directly on a 7-core fiber using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer and a *** the waveguides exhibit high index contrast,low insertion loss(−2.6 dB),polarization dependent(−0.2 dB)and mode dependent loss(−4.4 dB)were measured.

关键词： mode enable printing

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Python Server Page Performance Analysis and Modeling

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Communications and network 2024年第1期16卷 1-30页

作者： Razafindraibe Marolahy Alix Randrianomenjanahary lala Ferdinand Rafamantanantsoa fontaine Mahatody Thomas F. Angelo Raherinirina University of Fianarantsoa Fianarantsoa Madagascar

Today, in the field of computer networks, new services have been developed on the Internet or intranets, including the mail server, database management, sounds, videos and the web server itself Apache. The number of solutions for this server is therefore growing continuously, these services are becoming more and more complex and expensive, without being able to fulfill the needs of the users. The absence of benchmarks for websites with dynamic content is the major obstacle to research in this area. These users place high demands on the speed of access to information on the Internet. This is why the performance of the web server is critically important. Several factors influence performance, such as server execution speed, network saturation on the internet or intranet, increased response time, and throughputs. By measuring these factors, we propose a performance evaluation strategy for servers that allows us to determine the actual performance of different servers in terms of user satisfaction. Furthermore, we identified performance characteristics such as throughput, resource utilization, and response time of a system through measurement and modeling by simulation. Finally, we present a simple queue model of an Apache web server, which reasonably represents the behavior of a saturated web server using the Simulink model in Matlab (Matrix laboratory) and also incorporates sporadic incoming traffic. We obtain server performance metrics such as average response time and throughput through simulations. Compared to other models, our model is conceptually straightforward. The model has been validated through measurements and simulations during the tests that we conducted.

关键词： Performance Analysis Queue Performance Model Web Server Internet World Wide Web Web Server Performance

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NOTE ON ThE CONTIneNTAl DEPOSITS OF PENINSUlAR ThAIlAND WITh A DESCRIPITION OF SOME CONChOSTRACANS

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石油与天然气地质 1990年第1期 31-37页

作者： C.Chonglakmani ,h.fontaine

After making a study of conchostracan fossils taken from the half way between Trong and Krabi on thesouthern Thailand of Malaya Penisula,the deposits bearing this fauna are thought to be *** ***,it is most probably that there are two conchostracan levels found within Thailand so *** be-longs to middle Upper Triassic by Kobayashi,and the other is ours of Middle Jurassic.

关键词： Thailand Continental deposits Biostrata

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Visual classification of feral cat Felis silvestris catus vocalizations

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 331-339页

作者： Jessica l. OWENS Mariana OlSEN Amy fontaine Christopher KlOTh Arik KERShENBAUM Sara WAllER Cooperative Predator Vocalization Consortium South Daytona FL 32119 Department of Philosophy Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 Department of Wildlife Humboldt State University Arcata CA 95521 Department of Philosophy University of Nevada Reno NV 89503 USA Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3E J UK

Cat vocal behavior, in particular, the vocal and social behavior of feral cats, is poorly understood, as are the differences between feral and fully domestic cats. The relationship between feral cat social and vocal behavior is important because of the markedly different ecology of feral and domestic cats, and enhanced comprehension of the repertoire and potential information content of feral cat calls can provide both better understanding of the domestication and socialization process, and improved welfare for feral cats undergoing adoption. Previous studies have used conflicting classi- fication schemes for cat vocalizations, often relying on onomatopoeic or popular descriptions of call types （e.g., ＂miow＇）. We studied the vocalizations of 13 unaltered domestic cats that complied with our behavioral definition used to distinguish feral cats from domestic. A total of 71 acoustic units were extracted and visually analyzed for the construction of a hierarchical classification of vocal sounds, based on acoustic properties. We identified 3 major categories （tonal, pulse, and broadband） that further breakdown into 8 subcategories, and show a high degree of reliability when sounds are classified blindly by independent observers （Fleiss＇ Kappa K= 0.863）. Due to the limited behavioral contexts in this study, additional subcategories of cat vocalizations may be identified in the future, but our hierarchical classification system allows for the addition of new categories and new subcategories as they are described. This study shows that cat vocalizations are diverse and complex, and provides an objective and reliable classification system that can be used in future studies.

关键词： bioacoustics communication socialization spectrograms.

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Optical read-out and modulation of peripheral nerve activity

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neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 58-61页

作者： Arjun K.fontaine hans E.Anderson John h.Caldwell Richard F.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus

Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are two areas which could benefit greatly from improved neural interfacing approaches. Therapeutic neural interfacing, or ‘bioelectronic medicine’, has potential to affect a broad range of disorders given that all the major organs of the viscera are neurally innervated. however, a better understanding of the neural pathways that underlie function and a means to precisely interface with these fibers are required. Existing peripheral nerve interfaces, consisting primarily of electrode-based designs, are unsuited for highly specific （individual axon） communication and/or are invasive to the tissue. Our laboratory has explored an optogenetic approach by which optically sensitive reporters and actuators are targeted to specific cell （axon） types. The nature of such an approach is laid out in this short perspective, along with associated technologies and challenges.

关键词： peripheral nerve interface optogenetics bioelectronic medicine prosthesis control adeno-associated virus GCaMP

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Islet cell transplantation as a cure for insulin dependent diabetes: current improvements in preserving islet cell mass and function

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hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2003年第2期2卷 486-495页

作者： MagaliJ.fontaine the Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina. Charleston SC 29425 USA

OBJECTIVE: To review the current progress of islet cell transplantation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, emphasizing on the difficulties with recovering and preserving islet cell mass and function, 30% of which is lost during the peri-transplantation period. RESUlTS: The islet-cell isolation technique is perfected, but improvements are still progressing in two major directions: preservation of islet cells and tolerance induction. Optimum islet cell viability and function depends on appropriate revascularization of the islet graft and blockade of thrombus formation as well as cytokine and free radical release. Conditioning the islet cells in-vitro prior to transplantation to either upregulate VEGF expression or downregulate NF-kappa B transcription factor has proven to improve revascularization and to prevent islet cell apoptosis and cytokine-mediated damage. Tolerance induction is currently being best achieved by selecting and combining immunosuppressive agents such as monoclonal antibodies which target the major signaling molecules during immune activation, but which are least toxic to islet cells. CONClUSIONS: Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes will greatly benefit from current developments in effective approaches to protect islets during the peritransplant period. Emerging interest in stem cell biology and differentiation may provide the ultimate solution to the problem of organ scarcity and islet cell protection from the peritransplant induced damage.

关键词： islets of langerhans transplantation graft function graft preservation type I diabetes

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Temperature modifies activity, inter-individual relationships and group structure in a fish

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 175-183页

作者： Tatiana COlChEN Fabrice TElETChEA Pascal fontaine Alain PASQUET Université de lorraine Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux USC INRA 340 F-54506 Vandceuvre-Iès-Nancy Cedex 09 France CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est. 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres F-54500 Vandceuvre-Iès-Nancy France

A host of abiotic factors modify fish social behavior. however, few studies have characterized the effects of temperature on behavior. In this study, brown trout Salmo trutta fry were reared at 5 dif- ferent temperatures （4℃, 6℃, 8℃, 10℃, and 12℃）. In order to characterize group structure, 3 be- havioral parameters were investigated： group social structure （based on inter-individual distances）, inter-individual relationships （based on physical contacts）, and individual activity. These behavioral parameters were studied at the emergence stage, which corresponds to a switch from a social gre- garious life in the gravel to a solitary one in the water column. Data analysis showed that the inter- individual distances increased with increasing temperature, particularly the nearest neighbor distance. The mean number of physical contacts between fry increased at both low and high tem- peratures. At high temperatures, most fry moved apart from each other after a physical contact. Swimming activity decreased at both the lower and upper temperatures （18% of activity at 4℃, 38% at 8℃, and 12% at 12℃）. This study showed that temperature modifies brown trout fry activity, inter-individual relationships, and social behavior, which all affect group cohesion before emer- gence and can influence their survival and dispersal.

关键词： early development emergence freshwater species group structure relationships.

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Spatial evolution of friction of a textured wafer surface

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Friction 2013年第1期1卷 92-97页

作者： huaping XIAO Ke WANG Grant FOX Michel BElIN Julien fontaine hong lIANG Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Ecole Centrale de lyon/CNRS-UMR 5513 France

Mechanical failure of integrated circuits and micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)demands new understanding of friction in small *** present research,we demonstrated an in situ approach to measure sliding friction of a patterned surface composing multi-materials and *** effects of materials and surface morphology on friction and electrical contact resistance were *** material transfer at the interface of dissimilar materials was found to play dominating roles in *** current work provides important insights from the fundamentals of friction that benefit the design of new micro-devices.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) patterned wafers friction transfer wear electrical contact resistance

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