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Epidemio-Clinical Profile of Psychotrauma in Military Victims of Terrorists Attacks in Benin in December 2021

Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第S2期13卷 503-517页

作者： guy-gérard aza-gnandji David Sinet Koivogui Kokou Messanh Agbémèlé Soedje Tchedié Etdéchié Elvyre Klikpo Josiane Ezin Houngbe Département de Santé Mentale Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga Cotonou Bénin Université gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinea Département de Santé Mentale Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de l’Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: In December 2021, Beninese soldiers were victims of armed terrorist attacks. This study aims to determine the psychological impact of the events experienced on the victims in order to better prevent post-traumatic stress disorder. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 13 to 14, 2021, i.e. 12 days after the oldest event and 4 days after the most recent. The experience of the event was assessed with the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory and the Peritraumatic Dissociation Experiences Questionnaire. Symptoms experienced in the hours and days after the event were assessed with the Revised Event Impact Scale. Results: 36 soldiers were included out of the 38 survivors, i.e. 94.73%. They were 51.43% victims of the night assault, 37.14% of the ambush on patrol and 11.43% of the explosion of vehicle on mine, all male. The average age was 31 years with extremes of 25 and 49 years. The 25 - 30 year olds predominated, 52.78%. 100% of soldiers had significant peritraumatic dissociation, of which 94.44% also had significant peritraumatic distress. 100% of the soldiers had manifestations of intrusion, 89% of manifestations of avoidance and 83% of manifestations of hyperexcitation. 88.89% had an index for acute stress including 100% of victims of night assault and vehicle explosion on mine. Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of peritraumatic reactions, recognized factors favoring post-traumatic stress disorder, and the interest of their evaluation for medical and psychological help adapted to the victims.

关键词： Psychotrauma Peritraumatic Dissociation Peritraumatic Distress Terrorist Attacks Military

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Eating Disorders among Students in Northern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 11-28页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba guy gérard aza-gnandji David Sinet Koïvogui Wifrieda Aguidissou Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngbe Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non gouvernementale de Soutien Réhabilitation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONg) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée

Introduction: From their earliest hours, human beings are able to identify a source of food and to feed themselves. Feeding is therefore one of the most instinctive human functions. It is regulated by several factors (physiological, psycho-affective and environmental) whose disruption can lead to eating disorders. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate eating disorders among students in the town of Parakou in 2023. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January to July 2023 in various universities in the city of Parakou, Benin. The study population consisted of all students in grades 1 to 7 at these universities. A two-stage non-proportional stratified sampling technique combined with a simple random draw was adopted. The Eating Attitude Test-26, Bulimia Inventory Test Edinburgh and a set of questions focusing on the diagnostic criteria for pica were used to screen for pica and other disorders such as anorexia, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 25. Results: A total of 607 students were surveyed, 323 of whom had eating disorders. A prevalence of 53.21% of students at risk of eating disorders was found. In relation to the total population, the prevalences of anorexia, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and pica were 45.96%, 0.82%, 15.48% and 12.68% respectively. In multivariate analysis, seven factors explained the risk to develop at least one eating disorder among the students surveyed. These were: urban area of residence (OR (95% CI) = 5.059 (1.75 - 14.65);p = 0.003);year of study (OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.28 - 0.79);p = 0.035);type of university attended (private university: OR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.08 - 2.44);p = 0.019);parents’ marital status (couple or not) (OR (95% CI) = 1.50 (1.01 - 2.24);p = 0.046);father’s level of education: secondary (OR (CI 95%) = 3.85 (1.96 - 7.54);p 0.001)/higher (OR (CI 95%) = 2.83 (1.36 - 5.86);p = 0.005);mother’s one:

关键词： Eating Disorders Benin 2023

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Defence and Security Forces in Northern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 142-161页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba guy gérard aza gnandji David Sinet Koivogui Dalmace Fauste Adjaho Eurydice Elvire Djossou Anselme Djidonou Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper gandaho Josiane Ezin Houngbe Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non gouvernementale de Soutien Réhabilitation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONg) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre Nationale Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as “actual exposure to death or the threat of death, serious injury or sexual violence”, either directly or indirectly, resulting in a symptomatic procession of repetition, avoidance, neurovegetative hyperactivity and individualized symptoms, with or without negative cognitive and mood changes. It therefore goes without saying that the defence and security forces constitute a high-risk population in need of attention. Objective: To study post-traumatic stress disorder in defence and security forces in the city of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2022 to July 2023. The study population consisted of active military, republican police and firefighters in the city of Parakou in 2023. Non-proportional stratified sampling was used, given the inaccessibility of the source population size for national security reasons. Post-traumatic stress disorder was assessed using the “post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCLS-5) scale. Results: A total of 305 subjects participated in the survey. Males dominated 90.2%. The most represented corps was the Republican Police (41.6%), most of whom were non-commissioned officers (46.6%). The majority count between 11 and 20 years of service (48.9%), with 2 to 5 missions completed (67.5%). The calculated prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 11.8%, based on the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist-5 (PCL-5). Of the 36 respondents with post-traumatic stress disorder, 20 (55.6%) had experienced an armed attack, 25 (69.4%) had witnessed a violent death, 18 (50.0%) had witnessed the agony of a colleague, 15 (41.7%) had been exposed to a fire or explosion, while 26 (72.2%) had been traumatized by physical and/or verbal aggression. 5 (13.9%) had consulted a specialist psychiatrist, while 6 (16.7%) were on medication and 26 (72.2%) used sport as a means of maintaining physical and mental health. Respectively 22 (61.1

关键词： Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Forces Defence Security Benin 2023

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Maternal Burnout: Prevalence and Associated Factors in Northern Benin (2023)

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 29-44页

作者： Ireti Nethania Elie Ataigba guy gérard aza gnandji David Sinet Koivogui Owèrè Charlotte Dagan Coovi Ignace Tokpanoude Kwamé Abdias Adoufou Anselme Djidonou Francis Tognon Tchegnonsi Prosper gandaho Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Organisation Non gouvernementale de Soutien Réhabilitation Insertion et Réinsertion (SouRIR ONg) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Service de Psychiatrie Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinée

Introduction: Also known as maternal burnout syndrome, maternal burnout is a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion generated by prolonged stress in the family environment. It is experienced by women in their role as mothers. Those affected can develop psychological disorders, sleep disturbances, etc., all of which impair their day-to-day lives, and thus their maternal role. The repercussions affect both the child and other family members. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate maternal burnout among female users of public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou in 2023. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 among all mothers using public and private health facilities in the commune of Parakou. All healthy mothers with at least one biological or adoptive child fully dependent on them and living at home, who came for a consultation in one of the health facilities or for an appointment at the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and gave their free and informed consent. Sampling was done for non-exhaustive convenience were included in the study. Burnout was assessed using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale. Results: A total of 888 mothers meeting the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The prevalence of burnout calculated using the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) scale was 6.19%. The risk factors for maternal burnout were poor relationships with family and friends (OR = 8.90;p = 0.045), moderate (OR = 11.71;p = 0.020) and severe depression (OR = 40.85;p = 0.001), followed by the presence of repeated nocturnal awakening (OR = 5.14;p = 0.014). Conclusion: This is a subject that is almost never discussed in African society, but whose reality is revealed by the present study, which provided statistical data on maternal burnout. From now on, the risk of burnout will no longer be discussed solely in the family context. It will also need to be explored within the fam

关键词： Burnout Maternal Benin 2023

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Evaluation of Suicidal Risk in Sickle Cell Patients Monitored at the Hubert Koutoukou Maga National University Hospital Center in Cotonou in 2022

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第S2期13卷 479-491页

作者： guy-gérard aza-gnandji Ireti Nethania Elie Ataïgba Sènan gratias Koukoubou Kokou Messanh Agbémèlé Soedje Tchedié Etdéchié Elvyre Klikpo Josiane Ezin Houngbe Département de santé Mentale Faculté des Sciences de la santé de l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga Cotonou Bénin Faculté de Médecine Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori Parakou Bénin Département de santé Mentale Faculté des Sciences de la santé de l’Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: According to the WHO, suicide is a real public health problem worldwide, and several risk factors have been identified, including pain and chronic illness. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the suicidal risk in sickle-cell patients. Method: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of sickle-cell patients followed up at the University Clinic of Blood Diseases of Hubert Koutoukou Maga National University Hospital Center from August 2022 to November 2022. The instrument used was the Ducher suicide risk self-assessment scale. Results: A total of 65 patients were included. Mean age was 27.04 ± 1.95 years, with extremes of 16 and 50 years, and a peak of 47.69% in the 20 - 30 age group. Women predominated (58.46%), with a sex ratio of 0.71. Somatic complaints accounted for 41.54% of patients’ visits, including 21.54% for pain. Suicidal risk was positive in 44.62%, including 13.85% for severe suicidal risk, and 20% attributed their desire to die to pain. The factor associated with positive suicidal risk was single parenthood (p = 0.02). Of those with a positive suicidal risk, 46% had shared the intention with close relatives (family and friends), but none had used medical services. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the high prevalence of suicidal risk among people with sickle cell disease, and therefore the need for psychosocial intervention in this specific population in Benin.

关键词： Suicidal Risk Sickle Cell Disease Chronic Disease

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Psychotraumatic Interventions and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Lomé Firefighters

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第S2期13卷 492-502页

作者： Kokou Messanh Agbémélé Soedje Adjaré-Kamé Fidèle Ahara guy gérard aza-gnandji Aboudourazak Amadou Tchédié Etdéchié Elvyre Klikpo Hassimou Bramah Doles Hamza Sama Mensah Koffi Mawussé Josiane Ezin-Houngbe Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Equimed group Sarl Lomé Togo

Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of the psychological experience of mobile emergency teams, in particular firefighters (FF) in Togo and to identify the psychotraumatic interventions (PI) they face. Method: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, statistical analysis and discourse content analysis study on the PIs of the Lomé FFs. Results: PIs were found to be: road accidents;defenestrations;self-immolation murders;bloody and non-bloody suicides;well interventions with or without drowning;extensive burns;and paediatric procedures. Adults aged 25 to 45 were at a percentage of 69.1% and with a sex ratio of 7.1. More than half of the respondents (53%) had PTSD. Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had PTSD, however, coping strategies were not explored, suggesting the need for further research.

关键词： Firefighters Psychotraumatic Interventions (PI) Togo

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The multi-functional aspect of scanning holographic microscopy: a review(Invited Paper)

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第12期7卷 1066-1071页

作者： guy Indebetouw Physics Department Virginia Tech Blacksburg

Recent developments in scanning holographic microscopy that offer the prospects of new quantitative tools and imaging modalities in bio, micro, and nano sciences are reviewed. The versatility of the method is emphasized. Scanning holography can operate in an incoherent mode for fluorescence imaging, in a coherent mode for quantitative phase imaging, or in a tomographic mode for axial sectioning and rejection of the out-of-focus haze. Possible applications are illustrated with examples, and future prospects are discussed.

关键词： The multi-functional aspect of scanning holographic microscopy a review

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Prevalence of Suicidal Risk in the general Population in Parakou (Benin) in 2022

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 304-323页

作者： Ataigba Ireti Nethania Elie aza-gnandji guy gérard Sossa Megni gbenondjihou Elie Adeossi Kintossi Feldia Bernice Bernice Zingbe Cadnella Marieange Moussa Djibrilla Awohouedji Dèdonougbo Mêmêgnon Tokpanoude Coovi Nonwanou Ignace Djossou Sègnon Eurydice Elvire Djidonou Anselme Tognon Tchegnonsi Francis gandaho Proper Ezin Houngbe Josiane Faculté de Médecine & Institut de Formation en Soins Infirmiers et Obstétricaux Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou Alibori de Parakou: Service de psychiatrie Parakou Bénin Organisation Non gouvernementale de Soutien de Réhabilitation d’Insertion et de Réinsertion (SouRIR ONG) Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire-Hubert Koutoucou Maga de Cotonou: Service de Psychiatrie Cotonou Bénin Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Psychiatrique de Cotonou: Unité de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent Cotonou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Service de Psychiatrie H&#244pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Faculté des Sciences de la Santé U nité de Santé Publique Cotonou Bénin

Introduction: Every year worldwide, the WHO estimates that nearly one million people take their own lives, the equivalent of one suicide occurring every 40 seconds, despite the fact that this harm is preventable. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the risk of suicide in the general population in the commune of Parakou in 2022. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to December 2022. Sampling was probabilistic, using the WHO cluster sampling technique. Results: A total of 582 subjects were surveyed, of whom 99 (17.01%) were at risk of suicide (low (7.6%), moderate (5.7%) and high (3.8%)). Evaluation of suicidal behaviors revealed suicidal ideation (15.12%), suicidal planning (4.46%), suicide attempts (3.78%) and suicidal equivalents (6.90%). After multivariate analysis, the following were statically associated with suicidal risk: wet nurse status of less than one month (p = 0.003), family history of suicide attempt (p = 0.004), lack of affection from parents or guardians (p = 0.044), poor relationship with partner (p = 0.033) and depression (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Approximately one person in five is at risk of suicide at the end of this study. There is every interest to implement effective preventive measures at national level.

关键词： Risk Suicide Benin-2022

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An Approach to Differential geometry of Fractional Order via Modified Riemann-Liouville Derivative

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第9期28卷 1741-1768页

作者： guy JUMARIE Department of Mathematics University of Quebec at Montreal

In order to cope with some difficulties due to the fact that the derivative of a constant is not zero with the commonly accepted Riemann-Liouville definition of fractional derivative, one （Jumarie） has proposed recently an alternative referred to as （local） modified Riemann-Liouville definition, which directly, provides a Taylor＇s series of fractional order for non differentiable functions. We examine here in which way this calculus can be used as a framework for a differential geometry of fractional or- der. One will examine successively implicit function, manifold, length of curves, radius of curvature, Christoffel coefficients, velocity, acceleration. One outlines the application of this framework to La- grange optimization in mechanics, and one concludes with some considerations on a possible fractional extension of the pseudo-geodesic of thespecial relativity and of the Lorentz transformation.

关键词： Fractional calculus modified Riemann-Liouville derivative fractional Taylor's series fractional manifold fractional geodesic fractional mechanics Lorentz transformation

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Psychiatry in a War Situation: In Situ Therapeutic Approach to an Attack Case of Ber, Timbuktu in Mali

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 345-354页

作者： Kokou Messanh Agbémélé Soedje guy gerard aza-gnandji Damega Wenkourama Tchédié Etdéchié Elvyreklikpo Koffi Mawussé Mensah Adjaré-Kamé Fidèle Ahara Solo Conde Koffi Djotepe Soedje Kolou Simliwa Dassa Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Objectives: At the beginning of 2012, northern Mali was occupied by several jihadist movements with the aim of creating a Khalifa that required the intervention of a UN peacekeeping mission after a war that slowed down their development. This mission is the deadliest in a complex attack and UN attack. This experience feedback in an international context of the resurgence of asymmetrical wars makes it possible to share in order to better anticipate and improve strategic approaches to assessments and therapeutic techniques. Description: After the presentation of the context with these particularities and the various adaptations, we made formulations of the missions such as lived and the details on the medico-psychological techniques used. The place of the brief physical examination should not be overlooked. The debriefings, even if they have proven themselves in the evaluation and prevention of psychotraumatic pathologies, must be adapted on a case-by-case basis in a certain programmed improvisation. Maintaining the site of the attack survivors without real military activities by reinforcing them with a new functional team was a decisive element in the mourning process according to their own statement. Conclusion: Forward psychiatry is a necessity in asymmetric warfare to maintain the operationality of the troops.

关键词： Military Psychiatry Blue Helmet Attacks Psychotrauma UN Mission

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