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Promise and pitfalls of modeling grassland soil moisture in a free-air CO_(2) enrichment experiment(BioCON)using the SHAW model

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 783-795页

作者： Raquel H.FLINKER M.Bayani CARDENAS Todd G.caldwell Gerald N.FLERCHINGER Roy RICH Peter B.REICH Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712(USA) Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78713(USA) Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureBoise 83712(USA) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater 20137(USA) Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108(USA) Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2753(Australia)

Free-air carbon dioxide(CO_(2))enrichment(FACE)experiments provide an opportunity to test models of heat and water flow under novel,controlled situations and eventually allow use of these models for hypothesis *** study assesses whether the United States Department of Agriculture SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)numerical model of vertical one-dimensional soil water flow across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is able to adequately represent and explain the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_(2) on soil moisture dynamics in temperate *** in a FACE experiment,the Bio CON(Biodiversity,CO_(2),and Nitrogen)experiment,in Minnesota,USA,were compared with results of vertical soil moisture *** scenarios represented by different plots were assessed:bare,vegetated with ambient CO_(2),and similarly vegetated with high CO_(2).From the simulations,the bare plot soil was generally the wettest,followed by a drier high-CO_(2) vegetated plot,and the ambient CO_(2) plot was the *** SHAW simulations adequately reproduced the expected behavior and showed that vegetation and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration significantly affected soil moisture *** differences in modeled soil moisture amongst the plots were largely due to transpiration,which was low with high CO_(2).However,the modeled soil moisture only modestly reproduced the ***,while SHAW is able to replicate and help broadly explain soil moisture dynamics in a FACE experiment,its application for point-and time-specific simulations of soil moisture needs further *** typical design of a FACE experiment makes the experimental observations challenging to model with a one-dimensional distributed *** addition,FACE instrumentation and monitoring will need improvement in order to be a useful platform for robust model *** after this can we recommend that models such as SHAW are adequate for process interpretation of datasets from FACE exp

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE experiment soil water flow vadose zone vegetation

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Radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) Concentration in Fresh and Processed Coconut Water Using a RAD7 Detector

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Natural Science 2021年第9期13卷 425-436页

作者： Orville N. Bignall Tyona.caldwell Department of Mathematical Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Coconut water has several uses that are beneficial to humans, mainly because of its nutritional and medicinal properties. In this study coconut water samples were collected from the fresh mature coconuts and from packaged processed coconut water to measure the radon concentrations in them. The results were used to estimate the annual effective radiation dose to the general adult population from ingestion of coconut water. The samples were analyzed for radon concentrations using the Durridge RAD-7 radon detector. The results of measured radon concentrations for the fresh mature coconut were ranged from 381.10 Bq·m-3 to 1716.80 Bq·m-3. The results for packaged processed coconut samples ranged from 68.08 Bq·m-3 to 556.85 Bq·m-3. The mean values for the samples were (1081.40 and 222.78) Bq·m-3 for the fresh and processed samples, respectively. The estimated mean annual effective doses (AED) due to ingestion of coconut water were 0.41 and 0.08 μSv·y-1 for fresh and processed samples, respectively. These values are significantly lower than the safe limits recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Commission of 0.1 mSv·y-1 and the maximum contamination level (MCL) of 11,000 Bq·m-3 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and so

关键词： Coconut Water Radon Concentration Cancer RAD7

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NIIT远程医疗外伤护理应用

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图书馆学情报学 1996年第7期

作者： a.caldwell

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Dominance network structure across reproductive contexts in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 45-54页

作者： Cody J. DEY Q.Y. Joanne TAN Constance M. O'CONNOR Adam R. REDDON J. Ryan caldwell Sigal BALSHINE Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario ON L8S 4K1 Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada

While a large number of studies have described animal social networks, we have a poor understanding of how these networks vary with ecological and social conditions. For example, reproductive periods are an important life-history stage that may involve changes in dominance relationships among individuals, yet no study to date has compared social networks of do- minance interactions （i.e. dominance networks） across reproductive contexts. We first analyzed a long-term dataset on captive so- cial groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologuspulcher, and found that eviction events were significantly more common around reproduction than expected by chance. Next, we compared the structure of dominance networks during early pa- rental care and non-reproductive periods, using one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioral biology. Contrary to our predictions, we found that dominance networks showed few changes between early parental care and non-reproductive periods. We found no evidence that dominance interactions became more skewed towards larger individuals, became more frequent between similar-sized individuals, or became more biased towards a particular sex during parental care. However, we did find that there were relatively more dominance interactions between opposite-sex dyads in the early parental care period, which may be a by-product of increased sexual interactions during this time. This is the first study in behavioral ecology to compare social networks using exponential random graph modeling, and demonstrates a powerful analytical framework for future studies in the field [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 45-54, 2015].

关键词： Social network Aggression Submissive Hierarchy Parental care P* model

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用生态学思维重构传统农学学科：以农业生态系统管理作为核心应用科目

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中国生态农业学报 2013年第1期21卷 39-46页

作者：王松良 Claude D. caldwell 福建农林大学作物科学学院福州350002 加拿大戴尔豪斯大学农学院Truro NS B2N 5E3 Canada

传统农学体系源于近代实验科学浪潮,并在工业革命巨大成就的推动下不断细分,失去对农业生态系统的整体把握。导致人类重新面临粮食安全(农业生态系统破坏引发的生产力衰退)和食品安全(农业环境破坏导致食物污染物残留)的双重危机。在我... 详细信息

传统农学体系源于近代实验科学浪潮,并在工业革命巨大成就的推动下不断细分,失去对农业生态系统的整体把握。导致人类重新面临粮食安全(农业生态系统破坏引发的生产力衰退)和食品安全(农业环境破坏导致食物污染物残留)的双重危机。在我国,传统农学不论作为学科还是专业都属于生态系统以下的生物组织层次,是现代化石农业带来的生产和环境问题的根源。因此,农学学科及其专业教育体系的再构极为紧迫。作者提出以农业生态学为核心理论科目,以农业生态系统管理为核心应用科目而重构传统农学学科和教育体系。本文重点探讨了农业生态系统管理的基本框架和技术选择,并深入讨论了农业生态系统管理科目的内涵、外延及其发展前景。

关键词：传统农学生态学农业生态学农业生态系统管理全球食品系统

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Boycott

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大学英语 1990年第5期 90-92页

作者： Nancy caldwell Sorel 李红卫

Captain Charles C. Boycott did not invent, propose, or practice the policy that bears his name.;An impulsive but dignified, almost austere Englishman,;he would surely have lived and died in obscurity had not his life —to his own misfortune —crossed that of the great Irish nationalist leader Charles Parnell;. Boycotting, at that time a nameless political tactic;, was one of Parnell’s foremost;weapons in the battle for Irish independence, and Captain Boycott was its first victim.

关键词：爱尔兰 Boycott 自治运动

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Advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis: A high-risk population for pre-liver transplant portal vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第3期9卷 139-146页

作者： Jonathan G Stine Curtis K Argo Shawn J Pelletier Daniel G Maluf Stephen H caldwell Patrick G Northup Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Center for the Study of Coagulation Disorders in Liver Disease University of Virginia Division of Transplant Department of Surgery University of Virginia

AIMTo examine if liver transplant recipients with high-risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at increased risk for pre-transplant portal venous thrombosis. METHODSData on all liver transplants in the United States from February 2002 through September 2014 were analyzed. Recipients were sorted into three distinct groups: High-risk (age > 60, body mass index > 30 kg/m2, hypertension and diabetes), low-risk and non-NASH cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTSThirty-five thousand and seventy-two candidates underwent liver transplantation and of those organ recipients, 465 were transplanted for high-risk and 2775 for low-risk NASH. Two thousand six hundred and twenty-six (7.5%) recipients had pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis; 66 (14.2%) of the high-risk NASH group had portal vein thrombosis vs 328 (11.8%) of the low-risk NASH group. In general, all NASH recipients were less likely to be male or African American and more likely to be obese. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, high-risk recipients had the greatest risk of pre-transplant portal vein thrombosis with OR = 2.11 (95%CI: 1.60-2.76, P CONCLUSIONLiver transplant candidates with high-risk NASH are at the greatest risk for portal vein thrombosis development prior to transplantation. These candidates may benefit from interventions to decrease their likelihood of clot formation and resultant downstream hepatic decompensating events. Prospective study is needed.

关键词： Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Hepatology Coagulopathy

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Parental Educational Attainment and Relatives’ Substance Use of American Youth: Hispanics’ Diminished Returns

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第2期8卷 122-134页

作者： Shervin Assari Cleopatra H. caldwell Mohsen Bazargan Department of Family Medicine Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Los Angeles CA. School of Public Health University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI.

Background: Research on Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) has shown higher than expected substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) in middle-class Hispanic and Black youth and adults. In theory, some of this more than expected risk might be due to the high substance use problem of their social networks. Objectives: To better understand the role of social networks as an explanatory mechanism behind higher than expected substance use among middle-class Hispanic and Black youth, this study tested MDRs of parental educational attainment on substance use involvement of biological relatives in Hispanic and Black middle-class youth. We compared ethnic groups for effects of parental educational attainment on substance use involvement of biological relatives among American youth. Methods: The current longitudinal study used waves 1 and wave 4 data of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health-Adolescents (PATH;2013-2018) study. The sample included 4264 nationally representative American youth who were followed for 4 years. The independent variable was parental educational attainment. The dependent variable was substance use involvement of biological relatives. Age, gender, and marital status of the family were the covariates. Ethnicity was the moderator. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Parental educational attainment was inversely associated with substance use involvement of biological relatives in the pooled sample (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13 - 1.63 for high school graduation and OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53 - 0.80 for college graduation). Hispanic ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with parental educational attainment (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.49 - 3.44 for high school graduation and OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.80 - 4.93 for college graduation), suggesting that the protective effect of parental educational attainment against substance use involvement of biological relatives is smaller for Hispanic youth than for non-Hispani

关键词： Population Groups Ethnicity Socioeconomic Status Socioeconomic Position Education Smoking Tobacco Use

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农业生态系统服务及其管理学要义

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中国生态农业学报 2010年第4期18卷 889-896页

作者：祝文烽王松良 Claude D caldwell 福建农林大学作物科学学院福州350002 加拿大新斯科舍农学院植物与动物科学系Truro NS CanadaB2N5E3

农业生态系统作为联系人类社会系统与自然生态系统的界面(Interface),其服务功能的健康发挥对整个农业系统稳定及人类生存与社会可持续发展具有现实和长远意义。本文综述了农业生态系统服务的研究现状、内涵与内容,从现有农业生态系统... 详细信息

农业生态系统作为联系人类社会系统与自然生态系统的界面(Interface),其服务功能的健康发挥对整个农业系统稳定及人类生存与社会可持续发展具有现实和长远意义。本文综述了农业生态系统服务的研究现状、内涵与内容,从现有农业生态系统服务功能的量化评估指标和方法着手,提出了农业生态系统服务的量化难、研究技术相对滞后、研究机制缺位和研究力量薄弱成为农业生态系统服务研究的瓶颈,以及意识问题制约农业生态系统服务的研究进程等国内外研究中存在的主要问题,并展望了未来农业生态系统服务的研究趋势。最后,从概念层面、机制层面和技术层面提出促进农业生态系统服务功能健康发挥的管理学要义。

关键词：农业生态系统生态系统服务生态系统管理

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Ten Years’Chinese-Canadian Collaboration in Undergraduate Education in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China:Curriculum Development

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Frontiers of Education in China 2015年第3期10卷 427-438页

作者： WANG Songliang Claude caldwell WEI Liqing SU Haiyan Overseas Education College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002China Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie UniversityTruro B2N 5E3Nova ScotiaCanada

The Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-Nova Scotia Agricultural College(FAFU-NSAC)2+2 undergraduate program initiated in 2003 is a model for creative collaboration between China and Canada in undergraduate *** paper addresses the achievements of the program development and highlights the process for successful curriculum development in the joint *** authors also discuss some issues and challenges related to the Chinese-Canadian experience in undergraduate education,and propose some recommendations for further collaborations including:enlarging the scale of qualified programs;proposing a systematic baseline to control the program at a macro-level;simplifying coordination procedures with foreign partners;and adjusting the emphasis of courses introduced by the cooperative partner from quantity to quality.

关键词： Chinese-Canadian collaboration in undergraduate education The FAFU-NSAC 2+2 undergraduate program curriculum development educational internationalization Chinese-Foreign Collaboration in Running Schools

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