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A plant-based diet and coronary artery disease： a mandate for effective therapy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第5期14卷 317-320页

作者： caldwell B Esselstyn Cleveland Clinic Wellness Institute 1950 Richmond Road L yndhurst Ohio 44124 USA.

A 1999 autopsy study of young adults in the US betweenthe ages of 17 and 34 years of who died from accidents,suicides, and homicides confirmed that coronary artery dis-ease （CAD） is ubiquitous in this age group. The... 详细信息

关键词： Coronary disease Disease causation Endothelium Plant based nutrition Reversal Vegan

Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs. 2-legged pedaling

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 99-106页

作者： Sangsoo Park Graham E.caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and ***,muscular usage in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling is not fully ***,the study was aimed to examine changes in leg muscle activation patterns between 2-legged and 1-legged ***:Fifteen healthy young recreational cyclists performed both 1-legged and 2-legged pedaling trials at about 30 Watt per *** electromyography electrodes were placed on 10 major muscles of the left *** envelope electromyography data were integrated to quantify muscle activities for each crank cycle quadrant to evaluate muscle activation ***:Overall,the prescribed constant power requirements led to reduced downstroke crank torque and extension-related muscle activities(vastus lateralis,vastus medialis,and soleus)in 1-legged ***-related muscle activities(biceps femoris long head,semitendinosus,lateral gastrocnemius,medial gastrocnemius,tensor fasciae latae,and tibialis anterior)in the upstroke phase increased to compensate for the absence of contralateral leg crank *** the upstroke,simultaneous increases were seen in the hamstrings and uni-articular knee extensors,and in the ankle plantarflexors and *** the top of the crank cycle,greater hip flexor activity stabilized the ***:The observed changes in muscle activities are due to a variety of changes in mechanical aspects of the pedaling motion when pedaling with only 1 leg,including altered crank torque patterns without the contralateral leg,reduced pelvis stability,and increased knee and ankle stiffness during the upstroke.

关键词： Electromyography Muscle activity One-leg Pedaling

Optimization method for a radar situation interface from error-cognition to information feature mapping

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2022年第4期33卷 924-937页

作者： WU Xiaoli WEI Wentao caldwell Sabrina XUE Chengqi WANG Linlin School of Design Art&Media Nanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Hohai UniversityChangzhou 211100China School of Computer Science Australian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia

With the rapid development of digital and intelligent information systems, display of radar situation interface has become an important challenge in the field of human-computer interaction. We propose a method for the optimization of radar situation interface from error-cognition through the mapping of information characteristics. A mapping method of matrix description is adopted to analyze the association properties between error-cognition sets and design information sets. Based on the mapping relationship between the domain of error-cognition and the domain of design information, a cross-correlational analysis is carried out between error-cognition and design *** obtain the relationship matrix between the error-cognition of correlation between design information and the degree of importance among design information. Taking the task interface of a warfare navigation display as an example, error factors and the features of design information are extracted. Based on the results, we also propose an optimization design scheme for the radar situation interface.

关键词： radar situation interface error-cognition information feature mapping visual information display

Response to: Caution needed when interpreting muscle activity patterns during extremely low pedaling cadence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第1期10卷 109-110页

作者： Sangsoo Park Graham E.caldwell Department of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Dear editor,We would like to thank Drs Sun and Li for their interests and observations for our recently published article entitled“Muscular activity patterns in 1-legged vs.2-legged pedaling”.We have carefully read their letter and agree with their underlying premise that our low cadence is not indicative of competitive,recreational,or(in some cases)clinical 2-legged pedaling ***,our results were not meant to be extrapolated to higher cadences,as clearly stated in the Limitations Section of the Discussion:“The results of this study do not necessarily extend to muscular control in one-legged pedaling tasks with different mechanical demands,as our participants were asked to perform pedaling tasks with relatively low crank torque and velocity.”1 Further,we stand by the initial statement of the Abstract that“One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and clinicians.”In the Introduction we cite 2 studies2,3 that refer to 1-legged cycling:“As such,1-legged pedaling has been suggested as a training tool to improve pedaling performance and is used in clinical settings for rehabilitation.”1 Our opening Abstract statement(which would presumably be read before the Results and Discussion)was not meant to imply that our study results would be directly applicable to elite cyclists and all clinical populations/treatments,as Drs Sun and Li seem to infer.

关键词： statement elite interpreting

Impact of the source and serial passaging of goat mesenchymal stem cells on osteogenic differentiation potential:implications for bone tissue engineering

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 482-494页

作者： Hoda Elkhenany Lisa Amelse Marc caldwell Ramadan Abdelwahed Madhu Dhar Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Tennessee Department of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria University

Background： Adult mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） can be conveniently sampled from bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, adipose and connective tissue, harvested from various species, including, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats and human beings. The MSCs isolated from adult tissues vary in their morphological and functional properties. These variations are further complicated when cells are expanded by passaging in culture. These differences and changes in MSCs must be considered prior to their application in the clinic or in a basic research study. Goats are commonly used as animal models for bone tissue engineering to test the potential of stem cells for bone regeneration. As a result, goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue should be evaluated using in vitro assays, prior to their application in a tissue engineering project. Results： In this study, we compared the stem cell properties of MSCs isolated from goat bone marrow and adipose tissue. We used quantitative and qualitative assays with a focus on osteogenesis, including, colony forming unit, rate of cell proliferation, tri-lineage differentiation and expression profiling of key signal transduction proteins to compare MSCs from low and high passages. Primary cultures generated from each source displayed the stem cell characteristics, with variations in their osteogenic potentials. Most importantly, low passaged bone marrow MSCs displayed a significantly higher and superior osteogenic potential, and hence, will be the preferred choice for bone tissue engineering in future in vivo experiments. In the bone marrow MSCs, this process is potentially mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation in the adipose tissue MSCs may involve the p44/42 MAPK pathway. Conclusions： Based on these data, we can conclude that bone marrow and fat-derived MSCs undergo osteogenesis via two distinct signaling pathways. Even though the bone marrow MSCs are the preferred source fo

关键词： Caprine mesenchymal Osteogenesis stem cells

Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 248-272页

作者： Matthew caldwell Megan Hughes Fei Wei Christopher Ngo Raven Pascua Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi Melanie J.Coathup Biionix Cluster&College of Medicine University of Central FloridaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCF103AT WalesUK Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida6900 Lake NonaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA

Due to the rise in our aging population,a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty(TJA)in the elderly is *** joint infection(PJI)represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TJA,and as the number of primary and revision TJAs continues to rise,an increasing PJI burden is *** advances in operating room sterility,antiseptic protocols,and surgical techniques,approaches to prevent and treat PJI remain difficult,primarily due to the formation of microbial *** difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial *** dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids(D-AAs)are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall,providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of *** many tasks,D-AAs regulate cell morphology,spore germination,and bacterial survival,evasion,subversion,and adhesion in the host immune *** administered exogenously,accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation;furthermore,D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm *** presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic *** their emerging antibacterial efficacy,their role in disrupting PJI biofilm formation,the disassembly of established TJA biofilm,and the host bone tissue response remains largely *** review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of *** to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PJI.

关键词： prevention spite furthermore

Optical read-out and modulation of peripheral nerve activity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 58-61页

作者： Arjun K.Fontaine Hans E.Anderson John H.caldwell Richard F.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus

Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are two areas which could benefit greatly from improved neural interfacing approaches. Therapeutic neural interfacing, or ‘bioelectronic medicine’, has potential to affect a broad range of disorders given that all the major organs of the viscera are neurally innervated. However, a better understanding of the neural pathways that underlie function and a means to precisely interface with these fibers are required. Existing peripheral nerve interfaces, consisting primarily of electrode-based designs, are unsuited for highly specific （individual axon） communication and/or are invasive to the tissue. Our laboratory has explored an optogenetic approach by which optically sensitive reporters and actuators are targeted to specific cell （axon） types. The nature of such an approach is laid out in this short perspective, along with associated technologies and challenges.

关键词： peripheral nerve interface optogenetics bioelectronic medicine prosthesis control adeno-associated virus GCaMP

Robot impedance control and passivity analysis with inner torque and velocity feedback loops

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Control Theory and Technology 2016年第2期14卷 97-112页

作者： Michele FOCCHI Gustavo A. MEDRANO-CERDA Thiago BOAVENTURA Marco FRIGERIO Claudio SEMINI Jonas BUCHLI Darwin G. caldwell Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (liT) via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy Agile & Dexterous Robotics Lab ETH Zurich Tannenstrasse 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland Received 21 January 2015 revised 10 December 2015 accepted 10 December 2015

Impedance control is a well-established technique to control interaction forces in robotics. However, real implementations of impedance control with an inner loop may suffer from several limitations. In particular, the viable range of stable stiffness and damping values can be strongly affected by the bandwidth of the inner control loops （e.g., a torque loop） as well as by the filtering and sampling frequency. This paper provides an extensive analysis on how these aspects influence the stability region of impedance parameters as well as the passivity of the system. This will be supported by both simulations and experimental data. Moreover, a methodology for designing joint impedance controllers based on an inner torque loop and a positive velocity feedback loop will be presented. The goal of the velocity feedback is to increase （given the constraints to preserve stability） the bandwidth of the torque loop without the need of a complex controller.

关键词： Impedance control torque control passivity and stability analysis

On the use of positive feedback for improved torque control

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Control Theory and Technology 2015年第3期13卷 266-285页

作者： Houman DALLALI Gustavo A.MEDRANO-CERDA Michele FOCCHI Thiago BOAVENTURA Marco FRIGERIO Claudio SEMINI Jonas BUCHLI Darwin G.caldwell Department of Advanced Robotics Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia(IIT) Agile and Dexterous Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH

This paper considers the torque control problem for robots with flexible joints driven by electrical actuators. It is shown that the achievable closed-loop tracking bandwidth using PI torque controllers may be limited due to transmission zeros introduced by the load dynamics. This limitation is overcome by using positive feedback from the load motion in unison with PI torque controllers. The positive feedback is given in terms of load velocity, acceleration and jerk. Stability conditions for designing decentralized PI torque controllers are derived in terms of Routh-Hurwitz criteria. Disturbance rejection properties of the closed system are characterized and an analysis is carried out investigating the use of approximate positive feedback by omitting acceleration and/or jerk signals. The results of this paper are illustrated for a two DoF （degrees of freedom） system. Experimental results for a one DoF system are also included.

关键词： Force-torque control load motion compensation decentralized control