Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most frequent cancer type and the incidence of this disease is increasing gradually per year in individuals younger than 50 years old. The current knowledge is that early-onset CRC(...
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Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most frequent cancer type and the incidence of this disease is increasing gradually per year in individuals younger than 50 years old. The current knowledge is that early-onset CRC(EOCRC) cases are heterogeneous population that includes both hereditary and sporadic forms of the CRC. Although EOCRC cases have some distinguishing clinical and pathological features than elder age CRC, the molecular mechanism underlying the EOCRC is poorly clarified. Given the significance of CRC in the world of medicine, the present review will focus on the recent knowledge in the molecular basis of genetic and epigenetic mechanism of the hereditary forms of EOCRC, which includes Lynch syndrome, Familial CRC type X, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Mut YH-associated polyposis, Juvenile polyposis syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and sporadic forms of EOCRC. Recent findings about molecular genetics and epigenetic basis of EOCRC gave rise to new alternative therapy protocols. Although exact diagnosis of these cases still remains complicated, the present review paves way for better predictions and contributes to more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into clinical approach.
Total resection of glioblastoma(GB)tumors is nearly impossible,and systemic administration of temozolomide(TMZ)is often *** study presents a hybrid layered composite nanofiber network(LHN)designed for localized treatm...
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Total resection of glioblastoma(GB)tumors is nearly impossible,and systemic administration of temozolomide(TMZ)is often *** study presents a hybrid layered composite nanofiber network(LHN)designed for localized treatment in GB tumor *** LHN,consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and core-shell polylactic acid layers,was loaded with TMZ and *** vitro analysis revealed that LHN^(TMZ) and LHNrutin decelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and growth of stem-like cells,while the combination,LHN^(TMZ)+rutin,significantly reduced sphere size compared to untreated and LHNTMZ-treated cells(P<0.0001).In an orthotopic C6-induced GB rat model,LHNTMZ+rutin therapy demonstrated a more pronounced tumor-reducing effect than LHNTMZ *** volume,assessed by magnetic resonance imaging,was significantly reduced in LHN^(TMZ)+rutin-treated rats compared to untreated *** changes in tumor mitochondria,reduced membrane potential,and decreased PARP expression indicated the activation of apoptotic pathways in tumor cells,which was further confirmed by a reduction in PHH3,indicating decreased mitotic activity of tumor ***,the local application of LHNs in the GB model mitigated aggressive tumor features without causing local tissue inflammation or adverse systemic *** was evidenced by a decrease in the angiogenesismarker CD31,the absence of inflammation or necrosis in H&E staining of the cerebellum,increased production of IFN-γ,decreased levels of interleukin-4 in splenic T cells,and lower serum AST *** findings collectively indicate that LHN^(TMZ)+rutin is a promising biocompatible model for the local treatment of GB.
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