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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第8期32卷 721-728页

作者： Nosheen Zafar Shahzadi Shamaila Jawad Nazir Rehana Sharif Muhammad Shahid Rafique Jalees Ul-Hasan Syeda Ammara hina Khalid Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology Lahore 54890 Pakistan Department of Microbiology University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan Department of Physics Forman Christian College A Charted University Lahore Pakistan

Silver nanoparticles in the range of 10-40 nm were synthesized chemically and by laser ablation, em- ployed for in vitro antibacterial action against human pathogenic bacterium. Their formation was evidenced by UV-visible spectrophotometer; particle size confirmed by atomic force microscopy, crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction and chemical composition investigated by Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy. The calculated MIC （minimum inhibitory concentration） of chemically synthesized nanoparticles with 30-40 nm in size are 2.8 μg/mL 4.37 μg/mL 13.5μg/mL and 2.81 p.g/mL for e. coil, S. aureus, B. subtillis and Salmonella, respectively. Whereas laser ablated nanoparticles exhibit MIC of 2.10 μg/mL 2.36 μg/ mL and 2.68 μg/mL for e. coli, S. aureus and Salmonella, respectively.

关键词： Chemically synthesized and laser ablated nanoparticles UV-visible spectrophotometer Gram negative and gram positive bacteria

Multi-material Bio-inspired Soft Octopus Robot for Underwater Synchronous Swimming

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2022年第5期19卷 1229-1241页

作者： Faheem Ahmed Muhammad Waqas Bushra Shaikh Umair Khan Afaque Manzoor Soomro Suresh Kumar hina Ashraf Fida Hussain Memon Kyung Hyun Choi Department of Mechatronics engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243South Korea Department of electrical engineering Sukkur IBA UniversityAirport RoadSukkur 65200SindhPakistan Advanced Micro Mechatronics and energy Lab Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkur 65200Pakistan Department of Ocean Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 63243South Korea

Inspired by the simple yet amazing morphology of the Octopus, we propose the design, fabrication, and characterization of multi-material bio-inspired soft Octopus robot (Octobot). 3D printed molds for tentacles and head were used. The tentacles of the Octobot were casted using ecoflex-0030 while head was fabricated using relatively flexible material, i.e., OOMOO-25. The head is attached to the functionally responsive tentacles (each tentacle is of 79.12 mm length and 7 void space diameter), whereas Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) muscle wires of 0.5 mm thickness are used in Octobot tentacles for dual thrust generation and actuation of Octobot. The tentacles were separated in two groups and were synchronously actuated. each tentacle of the developed Octobot contains a pair of SMA muscles (SMA-α and SMA-β). SMA-α muscles being the main actuator, was powered by 9 V, 350 mA power supply, whereas SMA-β was used to provide back thrust and thus helps to increase the actuation frequency. Simulation work of the proposed model was performed in the SolidWorks environment to verify the vertical velocity using the octopus tentacle actuation. The design morphology of Octobot was optimized using simulation and TRACKeR software by analyzing the experimental data of angle, displacement, and velocity of real octopus. The as-developed Octobot can swim at variable frequencies (0.5–2 Hz) with the average speed of 25 mm/s (0.5 BLS). Therefore, the proposed soft Octopus robot showed an excellent capability of mimicking the gait pattern of its natural counterpart.

关键词： Bio-inspired Octopus Octobot Sub-surface Soft robotics Swimming

Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and GC-MS analysis of juice and peel oil of grapefruit varieties cultivated in India

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第7期18卷 1634-1642页

作者： Shahnawaz Ahmed H S Rattanpal Khalid gul Rouf Ahmad Dar Akash Sharma Department of Fruit Science Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India Department of Processing and Food engineering Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India Food Process engineering Laboratory School of Applied Life SciencesGyeongsang National UniversityJinju 660701Republic of Korea Department of Microbiology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India Department of Fruit Science Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyJammu 180009India

Citrus family especially Grapefruit,has attained considerable attention due to the presence of a number of essential components that have cardiovascular and anti-hypertensive *** juice and essential oil extracted from eight recently released grapefruit cultivars were used to study physicochemical and antioxidant *** total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA) and pH of juice samples extracted from various grapefruit varieties differed *** refractive index,specific gravity and optical rotation values for the oil varied from 1.473 to 1.396,0.863 to 0.847 and +93 to +86,*** percent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical activity(% DPPH activity) and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) values for grapefruit juice and peel oil varied from 24.06 to 18.79,2.91 to 1.44 mmol g^–1 and 84.87 to 74.73,7.76 to 5.73 mmol g^-1,*** were significant differences in physicochemical,antioxidant properties and volatile profiles of extracted juice and *** oil exhibited higher DPPH and FRAP values than the *** different components identified which accounted for over 99% of the volatile fraction,limonene,myrcene,and benzopyran were major components in all oil samples.

关键词： grapefruit juice essential oil physicochemical properties antioxidant properties GC-MS analysis

2D seismic interpretation of Sawan gas field integrated with petrophysical analysis:A case study from Lower Indus Basin,Pakistan

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第2期4卷 35-48页

作者： Abd Ur Rehman Khan Muhammad Amar gul Rizwan Sarwar Awan Ashar Khan Khawaja Hasnain Iltaf Sibt.e Hassan Butt Oil and Gas Development Company IslamabadPakistan CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and environments University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China School of Resources and environmental engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China Water and Power Development Authority Pakistan Department of earth&environmental Sciences The University of Texas at ArlingtonUnited States Geological Survey of Pakistan LahorePakistan

The Lower Indus Basin is the leading hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basin in *** study has been conducted on the Sawan gas field located in the Lower Indus Basin,adjacent to a few other wellknown gas fields of Pakistan like Kadanwari,Qadirpur,and Miano gas *** research aims to present the spatial distribution and reservoir potential of the productive zones of the Lower Goru *** present study utilized various two-dimensional(2D)seismic lines and well-log data(Sawan-01 and Sawan-02)to investigate the structural and stratigraphic features of the *** stratigraphic layers are mildly deepening in the southeast *** 2D seismic interpretation of the research area identifies the existence of extensional remanents,i.e.,normal *** extensional structures are associated with horst and graben geometry that acts as a trapping mechanism for *** logs are used to identify the reservoir's diverse lithology and petrophysical *** results indicate fair to good effective porosities,low shale volume,and high hydrocarbon saturation(>55%),signifying good reservoir potential in C interval of the Lower Goru Formation.

关键词： Sawan Seismic Well-logs Goru formation Cretaceous Petrophysics

Maternal salinity improves yield, size and stress tolerance of Suaeda fruticosa seeds

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第2期12卷 283-293页

作者： Syed Z SHAH Aysha RASHeeD Bilquees gul Muhammad A KHAN Brent LNIeLSeN Abdul HAMeeD Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Govt.Degree Boys College Sector 4ENew SaeedabadBaldia TownKarachi 75760Pakistan Department of Microbiology&Molecular Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

Shrubby seablite or lani(Suaeda fruticosa Forssk)is a perennial euhalophyte with succulent leaves,which could be planted on arid-saline lands for restoration and cultivated as a non-conventional edible or cash *** about the impacts of maternal saline environment on seed attributes of this important euhalophyte is *** study investigated the effects of maternal salinity on yield,size and stress tolerance of *** *** of *** were grown in a green net house under increasing maternal salinity levels(0,300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)until seed *** yield,size,stress tolerance and germination of the descended seeds under different maternal saline conditions were *** grown under saline conditions(300,600 and 900 mM NaCl)produce a substantially higher quantity of seeds than plants grown under non-saline condition(0 mM NaCl).Low maternal salinity(300 mM NaCl)improves seed *** produced under all maternal salinity levels display a higher tolerance to low temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 10℃/20℃),whereas seeds produced under 300 mM NaCl maternal saline condition show a better tolerance to high temperature(night/day thermoperiod of 25℃/35℃)during *** from all maternal saline conditions germinate better in the 12 h photoperiod(12 h light/12 h dark)than in the dark(24 h dark);however,seeds produced from low and moderate maternal saline conditions(300 and 600 mM NaCl)show a higher germination in the dark than those from control and high maternal saline conditions(0 and 900 mM NaCl).In general,maternal salinity is found to improve yield,size and stress tolerance of *** seeds.

关键词： euhalophyte maternal salinity salt tolerance seed germination non-saline condition Suaeda fruticosa

Using Landsat images to monitor changes in the snow-covered area of selected glaciers in northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 2013-2027页

作者： Chaman gul KANG Shi-chang Badar GHAURI Mateeul HAQ Sher MUHAMMAD Shaukat ALI State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 73000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No.19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China CAS Center for excellence in Tibetan Plateau earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Space Technology (IST) Karachi Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) Karachi Pakistan Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) Ministry of Climate Change Islamabad Pakistan

Landsat satellite images were used to map and monitor the snow-covered areas of four glaciers with different aspects(Passu: 36.473°N, 74.766°e;Momhil: 36.394°N, 75.085°e; Trivor: 36.249°N,74.968°e; and Kunyang: 36.083°N, 75.288°e) in the upper Indus basin, northern Pakistan, from 1990-2014. The snow-covered areas of the selected glaciers were identified and classified using supervised and rule-based image analysis techniques in three different seasons. Accuracy assessment of the classified images indicated that the supervised classification technique performed slightly better than the rule-based technique. Snow-covered areas on the selected glaciers were generally reduced during the study period but at different rates. Glaciers reached maximum areal snow coverage in winter and premonsoon seasons and minimum areal snow coverage in monsoon seasons, with the lowest snow-covered area occurring in August and September. The snowcovered area on Passu glacier decreased by 24.50%,3.15% and 11.25% in the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, respectively. Similarly, the other three glaciers showed notable decreases in snow-covered area during the pre-and post-monsoon seasons; however, no clear changes were observed during monsoon seasons. During pre-monsoon seasons, the eastward-facing glacier lost comparatively more snow-covered area than the westward-facing glacier. The average seasonal glacier surface temperature calculated from the Landsat thermal band showed negative correlations of-0.67,-0.89,-0.75 and-0.77 with the average seasonal snowcovered areas of the Passu, Momhil, Trivor and Kunyang glaciers, respectively, during pre-monsoon seasons. Similarly, the air temperature collected from a nearby meteorological station showed an increasing trend, indicating that the snow-covered area reduction in the region was largely due to climate warming.

关键词： Snow-covered area Glacier Global warming Classification technique Northern Pakistan

Impact of the Miocene orogenesis on Kaloula *** and implication of local refugia on genetic diversification

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第2期17卷 261-284页

作者： Siti N.OTHMAN eggy Triana PUTRI Kevin R.MeSSeNGeR Yoonhyuk BAe Yi YANG Timothy BOVA Thomas ReeD hina AMIN Ming-Feng CHUANG Yikweon JANG Amaël BORZÉe Department of Life Sciences and Division of ecoScience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceAndalas UniversityIndonesia Herpetology and Applied Conservation Laboratory College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation College of Biology and the EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

The phylogeography of the Kaloula genus in east Asia is still poorly *** of the difficulties is the absence of fossils to corroborate molecular dating ***,we examined the mitochondrial structure of Kaloula *** east Asia and focused on the impact of glaciations on the northernmost species:Kaloula *** determined the phylogenetic relationships,molecular dating,and genetic connectivity assessments within the genus from 1211 bp of concatenated mitochondrial 12S and *** relaxed clock analyses reveal the emergence of Kaloula *** ancestor in east and Southeast Asia between the eocene and Oligocene,c.38.47 Ma(24.69–53.65).The genetic diversification of lineages then increased on the east Asian Mainland during the Lower Miocene,c.20.10(8.73–30.65),most likely originating from the vicariance and radiation triggered by the orogeny of the Qinghai–Tibetan ***,the dispersal towards the North east Asian Mainland during the Upper Miocene drove the population diversification of *** c.9.01 Ma(3.66–15.29).Finally,the central mainland population became isolated following orogenesis events and diverged into *** during the Pliocene,c.3.06 Ma(0.02–10.90).The combination of population genetic and barrier analyses revealed a significant genetic isolation between populations of Kaloula *** with the massive Qinling–Daba Mountain chain located in south-central ***,we highlight a young divergence within the eastern Mainland population of ***,possibly attributed to refugia in south eastern China from which populations later expanded.

关键词： boreal digging frog east Asia genetic discontinuity Miocene qinling orogeny

Contribution of soil and foliar fertilization of nitrogen and sulfur on physiological and quality assessment of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.)

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Natural Science 2013年第9期5卷 1012-1018页

作者： Beena Saeed Hasina gul Farman Ali Amir Zaman Khan Shazma Anwar Nasrullah Sadia Alam Salma Khalid Alia Naz hina Fayyaz Azra Department of Agriculture Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Agronomy The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Biotechnology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan Department of Plant Pathology The University of Agriculture Mardan Campus Pakistan Department of Soil Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan

Nitrogen and sulfur supplies have a strong influence on the physical characteristics of crop as well as on the quality and quantity of wheat storage proteins, which play an important role in bread-making process. In order to evaluate the contribution of soil and foliar fertilization of nitrogen and sulfur on physiological and quality assessment of wheat, a field trail was carried out having randomized complete block design with four replications and eight different treatments of nitrogen and sulfur combinations were allotted to plots at different growth stages. Results indicated that highest protein content (12.82%), maximum moisture content (10.9%), maximum crop growth rate and maximum absolute growth rate were recorded when the wheat crop was fertilized with T8 [Nitrogen @ 60 kg·ha-1 at sowing + 40 kg·ha-1 at tillering + 10 kg·ha-1 at anthesis (spray) + 10 kg·ha-1 after anthesis (spray)] + [Sulfur @ 15 kg·ha-1 at sowing + 10 kg·ha-1 at anthesis (spray) + 5 kg·ha-1 after anthesis (spray)], while control practice resulted low moisture content, low protein, minimum crop growth rate and low absolute growth rate. Among physiological components of wheat cultivars, leaf area index was enhanced when fertilization was done with T5 (Sulfur @ 15 kg·ha-1 at sowing + 10 kg·ha-1 at anthesis + 5 kg·ha-1 after anthesis). In all the recorded observations,concerning experiment wheat cultivar Pirsabaq2005 showed appreciable response as compared with other variety (Khyber-87). Thus it is possible to obtain maximum physiological traits as well as bread-making quality of wheat through soil and foliar application of nitrogen and sulfur.

关键词： Absolute Growth Rate Crop Growth Rate Leaf Area Index Moisture and Protein Contents

混合气气氛下纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂的催化气化特性(英文)

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燃料化学学报 2008年第4期36卷 406-414页

作者： JAFFRI gul-e-rana 张济宇福州大学化学工程技术研究所福建福州350002

采用热重法在单一和混合催化剂（即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单一催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂）,温度750℃-950℃及常压条件下对三种高变质无烟煤（福建龙岩、丰海和尤溪煤）研究了混合气气化过程中对碳转化率、气化反应速率及有害污... 详细信息

采用热重法在单一和混合催化剂（即3%钙和5%钠-黑液单一催化剂及一种3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂）,温度750℃-950℃及常压条件下对三种高变质无烟煤（福建龙岩、丰海和尤溪煤）研究了混合气气化过程中对碳转化率、气化反应速率及有害污染含硫气体相对量的催化效应。纸浆黑液和钙混合催化剂具有两者的的协同作用,在混合气气化过程中,3%钙和5%钠-黑液混合催化剂可极大地增加碳转化率和气化反应速率系由于该混合催化剂碱性表面化合物[—COM]、[—CO2M]及可交换的钙酚盐和羧酸钙[（—COO）2Ca]的存在加速了反应C＋2CO2=2CO和C＋H2O→CO＋H2的结果,且这一催化作用比水蒸气气化过程更强烈。通过添加碳酸钙于纸浆黑液催化剂的气化方法,除去促进催化剂功效和增加碳转化率以外,也可达到有效的脱硫作用,但是这一较好的操作温度需低于900℃。

关键词：混合催化剂钙黑液热重分析法混合气催化气化含硫气体

Spatio-temporal changes in the six major glaciers of the Chitral River basin(Hindukush Region of Pakistan)between 2001 and 2018

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 572-587页

作者： Jawaria gul Sher MUHAMMAD LIU Shi-yin Siddique ULLAH Shakeel AHMAD Huma HAYAT Adnan Ahmad TAHIR Department of environmental Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Abbottabad Campus22060AbbottabadPakistan International Center for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) KathmanduNepal Institute of International Rivers and eco-Security Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina Division of environmental System Analysis School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China

Glaciers in the northern Pakistan are a distinctive source of freshwater for the irrigation,drinking and industrial water supplies of the people living in those regions and downstream. These glaciers are under a direct global warming impact as indicated in many previous studies. In this study, we estimated the glacier dynamics in terms of equilibrium Line Altitude(eLA), mass balance and the snout position variation using remote sensing data between 2001 and 2018. Six glaciers, having area≥ 20 km2 each, situated in the Chitral region(Hindukush Mountains) were investigated in this study. Digital elevation Model(DeM) and available cloud-free continuous series of Landsat and Sentinel satellite images from minimum snow cover season were used to monitor the variability in the studied glaciers by keeping the status of glaciers in year 2001 as a reference. The annual climatic trends of mean temperature and total precipitation from Chitral weather station were detected using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall’s test. Results revealed a general increase in the eLA, decrease in the glacier mass balance and the retreat of snout *** upward shift in the eLA for the entire study area and data period was ~345 ± 93 m at a rate of^13 m.a-1 from the reference year’s position i.e.~4803 m asl. estimated mean mass balance for the entire study area indicated a decline of-0.106 ± 0.295 m w.e. a-1. Periods of snout retreat and advance in different glaciers were found but the mean value over the entire study area was a retreat of-231 ± 140 *** obvious relationship was found between the glacier variation trends and the available gauged climatic data possibly due to the presence of debris cover in ablation zones of all the studied glaciers which provides insulation and reduces the immediate climatic effects.

关键词： Glacier dynamics Hindukush region Sentinel Landsat Mass balance equilibrium Line Altitude Snout position