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Study on the geochemical correlation of crude oils of Palaeocene and Jurassic ages from the Potowar Indus Basin in northern Pakistan

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2010年第1期29卷 82-93页

作者： Muhammad Irfan Jalees Fazeelat Tahira hina Saleem Chemistry Department University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore Institute of environmental engineering and Research University of Engineering and Technology

This study deals with a detailed geochemical characterization of three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin,Punjab,*** samples were obtained from three productive oil fields of the Datta Formation(Jurassic),Lochhart(Palaeocene) and the Dhak Pass zone(Palaeocene).The GC parameters for and the bulk properties of Datta Formation oils are essentially coincident with those of the oils from the Dhak Pass Formation in the Upper Indus Basin,Pakistan and the oils likely originate from a marine source *** contrast,the Lockhart Formation oils show different behaviors and seem to be originated from dirty carbonate rocks although all three crude oils are mature,being of non-biodegraded and somewhat mixed organic matter *** Pr/Ph values and high C35 homohopane index for the Lockhart Formation oils suggest a source of anoxic environment with low eh while oils from the Datta Formation and Dhak Pass Formation showed different trends,i.e.,lower values of C35 homohopane index indicating different depositional environment than oil from the Lockhart *** three crude oils from the Upper Indus Basin are mature for the hopane ratios,i.e.,Ts/Ts+Tm,C3222S/(S+R) and C30 αβ/(αβ+βα) and sterane ratios,i.e.,C2922S/(S+R) and C29ββ/(ββ+αα) but oils from the Lockhart Formation seem to be less mature than those from the Palaeocene and Datta Formation according to plots like API° *** Index,Pr/Ph *** relative composition of 5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-24-ethylecholestanes and the C2920S/20S+20R index,indicate that all three crude oils are equally mature,which makes it unlikely with respect to the above said *** difference is may be due to the migratory chromatography which alters the concentrations of sterane and hoapnes and hence gives different *** oils do not exhibit UCM and have complete n-alkane profiles indicating non-biodegradation.

关键词：原油地球化学特征印度河流域巴基斯坦古新世侏罗纪非生物降解上游流域剖面显示

Catalytic Activity of the Black Liquor and Calcium Mixture in CO2 Gasification of Fujian Anthracite

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2007年第5期15卷 670-679页

作者： gul-e-Rana JAFFRI 张济宇 Institute of Chemical engineering and Technology Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China

CO2 gasification of Fuijian high-metamorphous anthracite with black liquor （BL） and/or mixture of BL and calcium stuff （BL＋Ca） as catalyst was studied by using a thermogravimetry under 750-950℃ at ambient pressure. When the coal was impregnated with an appropriate quantity of Ca and BL mixture, the catalytic activity of CO2 gasification was enhanced obviously. With a loading of 8%Na-BL＋2%Ca, the carbon conversion of three coal samples tested reaches up to 92.9%-99.3% at 950℃ within 30min. The continuous formation of alkali surface compounds such as （[-COM], [-CO2M]） and the presence of exchanged Ca, such as calcium phenolate and calcium carboxylates （COO）2Ca, contribute to the increase in catalytic efficiency, and using BL＋Ca is more efficient than that adding BL only, The homogeneous model and shrinking-core model were applied to correlate the data of conversion with time and to estimate the reaction rate constants under different temperature. The corresponding reaction activation energy （ea） and pre-exponential factor of three anthracites were estimated. It is found that ea is in the range from 73.6 to 121.4kJ·mol^-1 in the case of BL＋Ca, and 74.3 to 104.2kJ·mol^-1 when only BL was used as the catalyst, both of which are much less than that from 143.5 to 181.4kJ·mol^-1 if no catalyst used. It is clearly demonstrated that both of BL＋Ca mixture and BL could be the source of cheap and effective catalyst for coal gasification.

关键词： thermogravimetry black liquor calcium catalytic gasification high-metamorphous anthracite reaction kinetics

Investigation on Steam Gasification of High-metamorphous Anthracite Using Mixed Black Liquor and Calcium Catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2008年第4期16卷 575-583页

作者： gul-e-Rana JAFFRI 张济宇 Institute of Chemical engineering and Technology Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China

The catalytic effects of single and mixed catalysts, i.e. single 3%Ca and 5%Na-BL（black liquor） catalysts and mixed 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL catalyst, on carbon conversion, gasification reaction rate constant and activation energy, relative amount of harmful pollutant like sulphur containing gases have been investigated by thermogravimetry in steam gasification under temperature 750℃ to 950℃ at ambient pressure for three high-metarnorphous anthracites （Longyan, Fenghai and Youxia coals in Fujian Province）. The mixed catalyst of 3%Ca＋5%Na-BL increases greatly the carbon conversion and gasification rate constant by accelerating the gasification reaction C＋H2O→CO＋H2 due to presence of alkali surfacecompounds [COM], [CO2M] and exchanged calcium phenolate and calcium carboxylate （-COO）2. By adding CaCO3 into BL catalyst in gasification, in addition to improving the catalyst function and enhancing the carbon conversion, the effective desulphurization is also achieved, but the better operating temperature should be below 900℃. The homogenous and shrinking core models can be successfully employed to correlate the relations between the conversion and the gasification .time .and to estimate the reaction rate constant, The reaction acUvaUon energy and pre-exponential factor are estimated and the activation energy for mixed catalyst is in a range of 98.72-166.92 kJ·mol^-1, much less than 177.50-196.46 kJ·mol^-1 for non-catalytic steam gasification for three experimental coals.

关键词： mixed catalyst calcium black liquor thermogravimetry steam gasification kinetics sulphur containing gas

INTeRACTION OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONe WITH MeTAL CHLORIDe AQUeOUS SOLUTIONS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2004年第6期22卷 581-584页

作者： Mohammad Saleem Khan Khaista gul Najeeb Ur Rehman National Center of excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 PakistanNational Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 PakistanNational Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan

Interactions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with metal chlorides (MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , KCl and BaCl 2 ) have been investigated by viscometric and spectrophotometric techniques in aqueous solutions. Intrinsic viscosity [η] of (PVP) has shown a discontinuity with varying concentration of metal chlorides. The decreasing order of effectiveness of cation is K 1+ > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Ba 2+ for poly(vinylpyrrolidone) solution. Changes in the absorption spectra of the cosolutes were observed in the presence of PVP in the lower limit of the UV-visible region i.e. 200-210 nm. These changes were attributed to interaction of PVP molecules with the cosolute molecules. As the concentration of the cosolute increased, a red shift in the peaks was observed, indicating an increase in interaction between PVP and cosolutes.

关键词： Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP Metal chlorides Interaction Intrinsic Viscosity

effect of rare earth and transition metal La-Mn substitution on electrical properties of co-precipitated M-type Ba-ferrites nanoparticles

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Journal of Rare earths 2019年第2期37卷 193-197页

作者： Muhammad Ayub Iftikhar Hussain gul Khalid Nawaz Khurram Yaqoob Thermal Transport Laboratory School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

In the current research work Ba_(1-x)La)xMn)yFe_(12-y)O_(19) hexa-ferrite nanoparticles of different compositions were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation technique. The structural properties were explored using X-ray diffractions(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SeM) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). XRD indexed pattern confirms the formation of M-type hexagonal phase. The crystallite size of synthesized samples ranges from 13 to 34 ± 2 nm. FTIR peaks observe also confirmed the presence of metaloxygen bond of the desired product. The position of peak at 467 cm^(-1) corresponds to A_2 u vibration for octahedral Fe(4+)-O and peak position e1 u corresponds to vibration of Fe(3+)O4 octahedral bonds. The band v_1 in range(677-559 cm^(-1)) and v_2 in frequency range(356-419 cm^(-1)) are associated to A and B *** properties of all compositions were measured with frequency. The dielectric constant, loss and tangent loss decrease from 26 to 9, 25 to 2 and 0.94 to 0.14, respectively with frequency. DC electrical resistivity is increased with dopant concentration increasing from 2.15 × 10~4 to 1.92 ×10~5 Ω·cm.

关键词： Co-precipitation electrical properties Dielectric X-ray diffraction Rare earths

Poultry Manure as an Organic Fertilizer with or without Biochar Amendment:Influence on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Lettuce and Spinach and Soil Nutrients

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Phyton-International Journal of experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 651-676页

作者： Hira Javaid Siddiqui Shamim gul Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar Umbreen Shaheen gul Bano Rehman Naqeebullah Khan Samiullah Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Chemistry University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Zoology University of BalochistanQuetta87300Pakistan

This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure+biochar(produced from farmyard manure[FYM]or wood),on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves of lettuce and *** concentration of mineral nitrogen(N)and soluble inorganic phosphorus(P)of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also *** application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10%(equivalent to 60 t ha^(-1),an estimated 1726.8 kg ha^(-1)N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha^(-1)N in FYM)and 15%amendment(equivalent to 90 t ha^(-1),an estimated 2590.2 kg ha^(-1)N in poultry manure and 2030.8 kg ha^(-1)N in FYM)significantly decreased biomass production of lettuce as compared to control(no fertilizer added)***,mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived biochar at both application rates(i.e.,10%and 15%)and with FYM biochar at lower application rate(i.e.,10%)caused 2-3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass and 2-14-fold increase in root biomass(permore,as compared to control treatment,a significant~2-3-fold increase in aboveground plant biomass was also observed in response to mixture of poultry manure with wood-derived and FYM derived biochars at 10%amendment *** compared to control treatment,concentration of mineral N and soluble inorganic P were higher in soils of all other *** spinach,amendment of poultry manure or its co-amendment with biochar of FYM significantly increased aboveground plant biomass at 7%(equivalent to 42 t ha^(-1))as compared to 3%and 5%amendment rates(equivalent to 18 and 30 t ha^(-1)respectively).The concentration of soil mineral N and soil soluble mineral P was not different between *** lettuce,wood-derived biochar did not reduce concentration of heavy metals(i.e.,manganese(Mn),copper(Cu),iron,(Fe),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni)and cobalt(Co)than FYM-derived biochar while in spinach,as compared to poultry manure,co-amendment of

关键词： Biochar poultry manure lettuce spinach

Fake News encoder Classifier (FNeC) for Online Published News Related to COVID-19 Vaccines

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 73-90页

作者： Asma Qaiser Saman hina Abdul Karim Kazi Saad Ahmed Raheela Asif Department of Computer Science and Information Technology NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan Department of Computer Science Iqra UniversityKarachi76400Pakistan Department of Software engineering NED University of Engineering and TechnologyKarachi75270Pakistan

In the past few years,social media and online news platforms have played an essential role in distributing news content *** of the authenticity of news has become a major *** the COVID-19 outbreak,misinformation and fake news were major sources of confusion and insecurity among the general *** the first quarter of the year 2020,around 800 people died due to fake news relevant to *** major goal of this research was to discover the best learning model for achieving high accuracy and performance.A novel case study of the Fake News Classification using eLeCTRA model,which achieved 85.11%accuracy score,is thus reported in this *** addition to that,a new novel dataset called COVAX-Reality containing COVID-19 vaccine-related news has been *** the COVAX-Reality dataset,the performance of FNeC is compared to several traditional learning models i.e.,Support Vector Machine(SVM),Naive Bayes(NB),Passive Aggressive Classifier(PAC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Bi-directional LSTM(Bi-LSTM)and Bi-directional encoder Representations from Transformers(BeRT).For the evaluation of FNeC,standard metrics(Precision,Recall,Accuracy,and F1-Score)were utilized.

关键词： Deep learning fake news detection machine learning transformer model classification

Influence of temperature and Ca(OH)2 on releasing tar and coal gas during lignite coal pyrolysis and char gasification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2019年第11期27卷 2788-2798页

作者： Sunel Kumar Zhihua Wang Zhang Kang Jun Xia Ronald Whiddon Yong He Jaffri gul-e-Rana Zain Ali Saleh Bairq Kefa Cen State Key Laboratory of Clean energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringBrunel University LondonUxbridge UB83PHUK Fuel Research Centre PCSIRKarachi 75280Pakistan College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The yield of tar and syngas has been investigated by catalytic pyrolysis of Pingzhuang lignite(PZL)over Ca(OH)2 catalyst in temperature range of 600℃-1000℃in a tube *** results show that the yield of volatile pyrolysis increases and char decreases with rising temperature for both raw and catalyzed Pingzhuang *** hydrogen fraction(H2)increased from 20%to 40%for the PZL sample;but,for the PZL-Ca(OH)2 sample,H2 fraction fluctuated randomly between 35%to 42%,with the maximum H2 fraction found at 1000℃.The Gaschromatography mass-spectroscopic(GC-MS)analysis revealed that the maximum tar yield at 800℃and 700℃was obtained for PZL and PZL-Ca(OH)2,*** surface morphology of PZL and PZL-Ca(OH)2 chars underwent different transformation in the presence of catalyst as illustrated by SeM/eDX,FTIR,and BeT ***,char sample was investigated for the carbon conversion and reactivity index using TGA analysis under N2 and CO atmosphere.

关键词： Catalyzed coal pyrolysis Release volatiles of tar and coal gas Surface area Pore volume

Prognostic role of sensitive-to-apoptosis gene expression in rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第44期17卷 4905-4910页

作者： Sevgi A Ozden Hazan Ozyurt Zerrin Ozgen Olca Kilinc Mustafa Oncel Aylin e gul Nimet Karadayi Nedime Serakinci Beki Kan Oya Orun Clinic of Radiation Oncology Dr.Lütfi K|rdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital Clinic of Radiation Oncology Medical Park Department of Biophysics Marmara University School of Medicine Clinic of Surgery Dr.Lütfi K|rdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital Department of Pathology Dr. Lütfi K|rdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital Telomere Aging Group Center for IRSSouthern Denmark University Faculty of Medicine Near East University Department of Biophysics Ac badem University School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate the association between prognosis of rectal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy(CRT) and expression of sensitive-to-apoptosis(SAG),B-cell lymphoma-extra large(Bcl-X L) and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer(Bak).MeTHODS:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of proteins of interest,namely SAG,Bcl-X L,Bak and β-actin,in rectal carcinoma patients who had a follow-up period of 3 years after *** specimens were excised from the rectal tumor preceding ***:SAG,Bcl-X L and Bak proteins showed significant correlations with each *** multivariate analysis,patients with high vs low SAG expression showed a statistically significant difference in 2-year survival rates:56% vs 73%,respectively(P = 0.056).On the other hand,there were no significant correlations between the expression levels of all three genes and metastatic rates or tumor responses to *** overall survival in the patients with elevated SAG expression was 27.1 mo ± 3.9 mo [95% confidence interval(CI):19.3-34.9],and in patients with reduced expression,it was 32.1 mo ± 2.5 mo(95% CI:27.3-36.9).The corresponding values for Bcl-X L were 28.0 mo ± 4.1 mo(95% CI:19.9-36.1) and 31.7 mo ± 2.9 mo(95% CI:26.0-37.5),and those for Bak were 29.8 mo ± 3.7 mo(95% CI:22.5-37.2) and 30.6 mo ± 2.4 mo(95% CI:25.5-35.0),***:Two-year survival rates significantly correlated with low SAG expression,and SAG may be a candidate gene for good prognosis,independent of therapeutic response of different individuals.

关键词： Sensitive-to-apoptosis gene Sensitive-toapoptosis Rectal cancer B-cell lymphoma-extra large Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer Apoptosis