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Chinese Journal of Chemical engineering 2018年第4期26卷 886-891页

作者： Sajjad Haydar Mehwish Anis gul e hina Javed Anwar Aziz Mudasar Arbi Institute of environmental engineering & Research (IeeR) University of Engineering & Technology (UET) Lahore Pakistan University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan

A study was carried out to evaluate the treatment efficiency of modified model of septic tank（ST）for the treatment of domestic *** objective was to explore the possibility of increasing the removal efficiency,at household level,thereby reducing cost and treatment burden on city level treatment *** this purpose,a bench scale model of ST was prepared and operated continuously for 78 days at different detention times i.e.,48,24 and 12 h and at two reactor temperatures viz.15℃ and 25℃.Domestic wastewater was fed to the bench scale ST without *** was conducted under two different ***,by installing baffles in the bench scale ST（called Run-1 setup）,and secondly by installing perforated plates between the baffles（called Run-2 setup）.Results demonstrated that Run-2 setup is better than Run-1 *** significantly affects the *** time of 24 h was found ***-2 setup demonstrated a percentage BOD removal of 45%with effluent BOD of 113 mg·L^-1 at 15℃ and 85%removal with effluent BOD of 31 mg·L^-1 at 25℃.It is concluded that if a modified design of ST using Run-2 setup is provided at household level,the effluent coming out of the house will meet the National environmental Quality Standards（NeQS）when reactor temperature is close to 25℃.Development authorities are suggested to change their by-laws and make modified ST mandatory for all *** may significantly reduce the cost and footprint of city level wastewater treatment plants being planned.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Septic tank Anaerobic baffled reactor

A Traffic-Aware and Cluster-Based energy efficient Routing Protocol for IoT-Assisted WSNs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1831-1850页

作者： hina gul Sana Ullah Ki-Il Kim Farman Ali Department of Computer and Software Technology University of SwatMingora19130Pakistan Department of Computer Science and engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea Department of Applied AI Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Republic of Korea

The seamless integration of intelligent Internet of Things devices with conventional wireless sensor networks has revolutionized data communication for different applications,such as remote health monitoring,industrial monitoring,transportation,and smart *** and reliable data routing is one of the major challenges in the Internet of Things network due to the heterogeneity of *** paper presents a traffic-aware,cluster-based,and energy-efficient routing protocol that employs traffic-aware and cluster-based techniques to improve the data delivery in such *** proposed protocol divides the network into clusters where optimal cluster heads are selected among super and normal nodes based on their residual *** protocol considers multi-criteria attributes,i.e.,energy,traffic load,and distance parameters to select the next hop for data delivery towards the base *** performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated through the network simulator *** different traffic rates,number of nodes,and different packet sizes,the proposed protocol outperformed LoRaWAN in terms of end-to-end packet delivery ratio,energy consumption,end-to-end delay,and network *** 100 nodes,the proposed protocol achieved a 13%improvement in packet delivery ratio,10 ms improvement in delay,and 10 mJ improvement in average energy consumption over LoRaWAN.

关键词： Internet of Things wireless sensor networks traffic load clustering routing energy efficiency

Impact of Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux in the Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Permeable Surface with Irreversibility Analysis

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1582-1595页

作者： Muhammad Ramzan hina gul Department of Computer Science Bahria University Islamabad Pakistan

This study discusses the magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow over an inclined permeable surface influenced by mixed convection, and Cattaeo-Christov heat flux. The heat transfer analysis is performed in the presence of a heat source/sink and thermal stratification. To gauge the energy loss during the process, an irreversibility analysis is also performed. A numerical solution to the envisaged problem is obtained using the bvp4c package of MATLAB. Graphs are drawn to assess the consequences of the arising parameters against the associated profiles. The results show that an augmentation in the magnetic field and nanomaterial volume fraction results in an enhancement in the temperature profile. A strong magnetic field can significantly reduce the fluid velocity. The behavior of the Skin friction coefficient against the different estimates of emerging parameters is discussed. .

关键词： Nanofluid Flow Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Permeable Surface Mixed Convection Heat Source/Sink Thermal Stratification

Divergent consequences of bio-resources on morphological plasticity and biochemical responses in early-stage leguminous species:Sustainable productivity approaches

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 312-321页

作者： Taimoor Hassan Farooq Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz Muhammad Qasid Awais Shakoor Irfan Ahmad Sadaf gul Khuram Shahzad Xiaoyong Chen Bangor College China A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Institute of environmental Studies University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management University of Agriculture FaisalabadPakistan Hawkesbury Institute for the environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW 2751Australia Department of Botany University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China College of Arts and Sciences Governors State UniversityUniversity ParkIL 60484USA

Inorganic resources can be detrimental to the environment when *** comparison,organic resources help balance the soil’s carbon and nitrogen(C/N)ratio,enhance soil fertility and benefit ecological *** climate crises,rapid urbanization,and fast population growth are causing many natural forests to be converted to agricultural and industrial lands to fulfill ever-increasing food and developmental *** of different bio-resources becomes necessary for sustainable productivity of available *** study explores the effects of various organic amendments on the growth,morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of three leguminous tree species:Dalbergia sissoo,Vachellia nilotica,and Acacia ampliceps,concerning sustainable ***-year-old healthy,disease-free,and homogenous seedlings were used as study material in a greenhouse pot *** organic amendments,i.e.,compost(CMP),cow dung(CD),poultry manure(PM),and biochar(BC),along with a control(CK)treatment,were *** showed that all the organic amendments performed significantly better(Ped the most significant results,followed by BC application,while PM influence was the *** all treatments and species,the maximum values of root length,root biomass,chlorophyll content,carotenoids,catalase,and total phenolic content were recorded under the CD *** for plant height and collar diameter,no big differences were observed between CD and BC(P=0.054).While comparing species,*** growth was significantly enhanced under organic amendments,followed by *** and comparative results of studied parameters conclude that CD and BC were the most effective organic amendments,which greatly improved the growth of experimental leguminous tree species;this makes these two biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agricultural *** study contributes toward an enhanced understanding of plant’

关键词： Bio-fertilizers Crop productivity ecological sustainability Nitrogen fixation Organic cultivation Physiological responses

Analysis of Combined Convective and Viscous Dissipation effects for Peristaltic Flow of Rabinowitsch Fluid Model

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2017年第1期14卷 182-190页

作者： hina Sadaf Sohail Nadeem Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

In this article, mathematical modeling for peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid model is considered in a non-uniform tube with combined effects of viscous dissipation and convective boundary conditions. Wall properties analysis is also taken into account. Non-dimensional differential equations are simplified by using the well-known assumptions of low Reynolds number and long wavelength. The influence of various parameters connected with this flow problem such as rigidity parameter e1, stiffness parameter e2, viscous damping force parameter e3, Brickman number and Biot number are plotted for velocity distribution, temperature profile and for stream function. Results are plotted and discussed in detail for shear thinning, shear thickening and for viscous fluid. It is found that velocity profile is an increasing function of rigidity parameter, stiffness parameter, and viscous damping force parameter for shear thinning and for viscous fluid, due to the less resistance offered by the walls but, quite opposite behavior is depicted for shear thickening fluids. It is seen that Brickman number relates to the viscous dissipation effects, so it contributes in enhancing fluid temperature for all cases.

关键词： peristaltic flow non-uniform tube viscous dissipation convective boundary condition exact solution,non-newtonian fluid

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PRICING SCeNARIOS FOR MULTIPLe-GeNeRATION PRODUCT LINeS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems engineering 2015年第1期24卷 107-129页

作者： Nil Kilicay-ergin Chun-yuLin gul e.Okudan Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies Penn State University Department of Industrial and Manufacturing engineering Penn State UniversityUniversity Park School of engineering Design Department of Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringPenn State UniversityUniversity Park

In technology-intensive markets, it is a common strategy for companies to develop long-term multiple generation product lines instead of releasing consecutive single products. even though this strategy is more profitable than sequentially introducing single product generations, it can also result in inter-product line cannibalization. Cannibalization of multiple-generation product lines is a complex problem that needs to be taken into account at the early product line planning stage in order to sustain long-term profitability. In this paper, we propose an agent-based model that can simulate the potential cannibalization scenarios within a multiple-generation product line. We view a multiple-generation product line （MGPL） as complex adaptive system where each product generation in the MGPL adjusts its sales price over time based on the shifts in the market demand. The proposed model provides insights into how various pricing strategies impact the overall lifecycle profitability of MGPL and can be used to assist companies in developing appropriate dynamic pricing strategies at the early product line planning stages.

关键词： Multiple-generation product lines cannibalization agent-based modeling dynamic pricingscenarios

Application Of Jessen＇s Type Inequality For Positive C0-Semigroup Of Operators

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Journal of Statistical Science and Application 2015年第4期3卷 122-129页

作者： gul I hina Aslam Matloob Anwar School of Natural SciencesNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad Pakistan School of Natural SciencesNational University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan

Recently in [4], the Jessen＇s type inequality for normalized positive C0-semigroups is obtained. In this note, we present few results of this inequality, yielding Holder＇s Type and Minkowski＇s type inequalities for... 详细信息

关键词： Mean inequalities Positive semigroup of operators HOlder's Type Inequality Minkowski's TypeInequality Dresher's Type Inequality.

对流水平板上二次混合的三重扩散纳米流体的流体力学和流体磁学对比分析

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中南大学学报:英文版 2023年第8期30卷 2616-2626页

作者： KHALID Abdulkhaliq M-alharbi hina gul MUHAMMAD Ramzan SeIFeDINe Kadry ABDULKAFI Mohammed-saeed Mechanical engineering Department College of EngineeringUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 24382Sandi Arabia Department of Computer Science Bahria UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Applied Data Science Noroff University CollegeKristiansandNorway Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) Ajman UniversityAjman 346United Arab Emirates Department of electrical and Computer engineering Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon Department of Mathematics College of ScienceQassim UniversityBuraydah 51452Saudi Arabia

当两种不同密度和扩散速率的纳米流体混合时,会发生三重扩散和对流现象。本文主要目的是比较对流水平板上二次混合的三重扩散纳米流体的流体力学和流体磁学。文中建立的模型其他新特征考虑了可变导热系数和非线性热辐射热通量。该问题... 详细信息

当两种不同密度和扩散速率的纳米流体混合时,会发生三重扩散和对流现象。本文主要目的是比较对流水平板上二次混合的三重扩散纳米流体的流体力学和流体磁学。文中建立的模型其他新特征考虑了可变导热系数和非线性热辐射热通量。该问题由一组方程组成,借助MATLAB bvp4c包进行求解。为了使参数与相关剖面的影响可视化,给出了图形说明,并利用图表来评估关键参数变化是如何影响相关场及其相应的物理量。通过对盐1和盐2的Dufour参数的多次估计,可以推断出流体流速的波动。验证了流体动力流相对于流体磁流的优势。此外,还将特定情景下已发表的结果与当前研究结果进行了比较。

关键词：三重扩散纳米流体二次混合对流可变导热系数非线性热辐射

Upper-and Lower-tropospheric Circulation Anomalies Associated with Interannual Variation of Pakistan Rainfall during Summer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第11期37卷 1179-1190页

作者： Riyu LU Saadia hina Xiaowei HONG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster(KLMe) Ministry of Education&Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of environmental Sciences and engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Climate Change Research Center(CCRC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

This study investigated the large-scale circulation anomalies,in both the upper and lower troposphere,associated with the interannual variation of rainfall in Pakistan during summer,using the station observation data in this country and circulation data of the NCeP−NCAR reanalysis from 1981 to *** showed that the upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies associated with monthly rainfall variability exhibit similar features from June to August,so analyses were performed on June−August circulation and Pakistan rainfall *** analyzed results indicated that summer rainfall in Pakistan is enhanced when there is an anticyclonic anomaly to the northwest of Pakistan in the upper troposphere and easterly anomalies along the southern foothills of the Himalayas in the lower troposphere,and vice *** upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies were found to be related,but show unique *** upper-tropospheric anticyclonic anomaly is closely related to the Silk Road Pattern along the Asian westerly jet,while the lower-tropospheric easterly anomalies are related to the cyclonic anomaly to the south of Pakistan,i.e.,intensified South Asian monsoon *** results presented here suggest that the interannual variability of summer rainfall in Pakistan is a combined result of upper-and lower-tropospheric circulation anomalies,and of extratropical and tropical circulation anomalies.

关键词： rainfall Pakistan interannual variability Silk Road Pattern monsoon trough

Peristaltic motion of third grade fluid in curved channel

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2014年第1期35卷 73-84页

作者： S.hina M.MUSTAFA T.HAYAT F.e.ALSAADI Department of Mathematical Sciences Fatima Jinnah Women University School of Natural Sciences (SNS) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of electrical and Computer engineering Faculty of Engineering

＂ Analysis is performed to study the slip effects on the peristaltic flow of non-Newtonian fluid in a curved channel with wall properties. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to a single ordinary differential equation in a stream function by using the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. This differential equation is solved numerically by employing the built-in routine for solving nonlinear boundary value problems （BVPs） through the software Mathematica. In addition, the analytic solutions for small Deborah number are computed with a regular perturbation technique. It is noticed that the symmetry of bolus is destroyed in a curved channel. An intensification in the slip effect results in a larger magnitude of axial velocity. Further, the size and circulation of the trapped boluses increase with an increase in the slip parameter. Different from the case of planar channel, the axial velocity profiles are tilted towards the lower part of the channel. A comparative study between analytic and numerical solutions shows excellent agreement.

关键词： third grade fluid slip condition peristalsis curved channel mathematicalmodeling