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Enzymatic nitrous oxide emissions from wastewater treatment

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 113-124页

作者： Gang Guo Yayi Wang Tianwei hao Di Wu guang-hao chen Department of Civil ＆ Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 999077 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Institute for Advanced Study The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 999077 China Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control ＆ Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 999077 China Wastewater Treatment Laboratory FYT Graduate School The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Guangzhou 511458 China

Nitrous oxide （N20）, a potent greenhouse gas, is emitted during nitrogen rernoval in wastewater treatment, significantly contributing to greenhouse effect. Nitrogen removal generally involves nitrification and denitrification catalyzed by specific enzymes. N20 production and consumption vary considerably in response to specific enzyme-catalyzed nitrogen imbalances, but the mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Studying the regulation of related enzymes＂ activity is essential to minimize N20 emissions during wastewater treatment. This paper aims to review the poorly understood related enzymes that most commonly involved in producing and consuming N20 in terms of their nature, structure and catalytic mechanisms. The pathways of N20 emission during wastewater treatment are briefly introduced. The key environmental factors influencing N20 emission through regulatory enzymes are summarized and the enzyme-based mechanisms are revealed. Several enzyme- based techniques for mitigating N20 emissions directly or indirectly are proposed. Finally, areas for further research on N20 release during wastewater treatment are discussed.

关键词： Nitrous oxideMitigationEnzyme catalysisNitrogen removalWastewater treatment

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Effect of Scale Formation on Copper Enrichment Behavior in Continuously Cast Slab

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第8期23卷 739-744页

作者： Nan WANG Jin XU Shan YU guang-zong ZHANG guang-hao chen Min chen School of Metallurgy Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University

Copper enrichment behavior in continuously cast slab induced by scale formation during continuous cooling was experimentally investigated,and the effects of initial slab surface temperature and oxygen potential in atmosphere were *** results showed that a loose scale adhered to the substrate was formed in H2O-N2 atmosphere at higher slab surface temperature compared to a gap formed between the scale and the steel substrate after continuous cooling in H2O-O2-N2 *** the condition of continuous cooling in H2O-N2 atmosphere,the copper enrichment occurred both within the loose scale and at the scale/steel interface with simultaneous Ni enrichment near the interface at higher slab surface *** combined effects of the loose scale and nickel enrichment were thought to promote the back-migration of Cu-rich phase from the interface and occlusion within the scale *** in H2O-O2-N2 atmosphere,the Cu enrichment was found on the steel side and the formed gap prevented the migration of Cu to the scale.

关键词： loose migration enrichment Enrichment nickel simultaneous crystalline continuously subsequent removed

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Experimental investigation of unsteady attached cavitating flow induced pressure fluctuation

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第1期34卷 31-42页

作者： Hou-sheng Zhang guang-hao chen Qin Wu Biao Huang School of Mechanical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft System Nanjing211106China

This paper experimentally investigates the pressure fluctuation induced by the unsteady attached cavitating flow, with special focus on the quasi-periodic cloud cavitation. A simultaneous sampling method is adopted for the synchronous measurement of the wall pressure signals and the cavitating flow images in a convergent-divergent channel. The results show that the pressure fluctuation is composed of three parts, the flow noise, the low-frequency fluctuation, and the cavity collapse induced impulse, and the pressure evolution of the quasi-periodic cloud cavitation is well consistent with the cavitation evolution. The statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuation shows that, when σ > 1.01, the probability density function (PDF) is nearly in the normal distribution, implying the randomness of the pressure fluctuation, when 0.84 1.01, when σ < 0.84, the PDF becomes narrow and asymmetric. In addition, the variance and the average value of the pressure indicate that the fluctuation intensity increases downstream along the cavity and reaches the maximum at the cavity closure and it also increases with the decrease of the cavitation number. The spectral analysis shows that the low-frequency pressure fluctuations mainly consist of two dominant components, the cavity shedding induced fluctuation and the lock-in fluctuation. The cavity shedding induced frequency decreases with the decrease of the cavitation number but the lock-in frequency is kept nearly constant. According to the spectral analysis of the cavity area fluctuation and the modal analysis of the flow system, the lock-in is possibly caused when the fluctuation frequency of the cavity volume approaches the natural frequency of the flow system.

关键词： Cavitation pressure fluctuation statistical features lock-in phenomenon

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Model and experiment-based evaluation of seawater-based urine phosphorus recovery(SUPR)process

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第11期18卷 133-144页

作者： Wen-Tao Tang Yihang Xiao Yang-Fan Deng Yunkai TAN guang-hao chen Tianwei hao Zhuhai UM Science&Technology Research Institute Zhuhai 519031China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science&TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078China

Leveraging seawater toilet flushing system in Hong Kong,China,a Seawater-based Urine Phosphorus Recovery(SUPR)process that integrates ureolysis and phosphorus(P)recovery was proposed in our earlier *** this study,a thermodynamic model was applied to evaluate the effects of ureolysis and the seawater-to-urine mixing ratio(S/U ratio)on P precipitation in the SUPR *** results suggested that effective P recovery was thermodynamically feasible across a wide range of S/U ratios,with elevated pH levels resulting from ureolysis being critical for P ***,a SUPR reactor was developed to validate this *** the hydraulic retention time(HRT)exceeded 3 h and the S/U ratio was lower than 3:1,more than 98%of P could be recovered without urine storage,chemical dosage,or external *** decrease in the HRT and increase in S/U ratio caused flushing out of fine precipitates,resulting in a relatively low P recovery ***,this could be advantageous when downstream urine nitrification is implemented,as dilution of urine can alleviate the inhibitory effects of free ammonia and free nitrous acid,as well as overcome the P limitation problem,thus facilitating urine ***,there is a trade-off between optimizing P recovery and nitrification efficiencies.

关键词： Phosphorus recovery Struvite Urine nitrification Source separation Seawater toilet flushing

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Late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary history of the southeastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt: Timing of uplift of the Inner Mongolia paleo-uplift

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 297-309页

作者： Wenxing hao Jin-Hui YANG guang ZHU State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Resource and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of Technology

The Kulun region is located in the eastern Bainaimiao arc belt on the southeastern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB), adjacent to the North China Craton(NCC) to the south. This region records the closure of the PaleoAsian Ocean during the Paleozoic to early Mesozoic and is key to study the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the *** conducted zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analysis of volcanic-sedimentary and intrusive rocks in the Kulun region. The volcanic-sedimentary rocks were previously assigned an early Carboniferous age, but include volcanic rocks with ages of 267–266 Ma and sedimentary rocks with youngest detrital zircon age peaks of 265–244 Ma, which were intruded by a granite with an age of 242 Ma. This indicates that these rocks are actually middle Permian to Middle Triassic in age(267–242Ma) and correspond to the Qingfengshan and Liujiagou formations. Moreover, two volcanic rock samples have high εHf(t) values(+1.6 to +16.1) and relatively young two-stage Hf model ages(1095–327 Ma), indicating their sources associated with the CAOB. The age spectra and Hf isotopic characteristics of detrital zircons from the sedimentary rocks suggest that, during the middle Permian to Middle Triassic, the sedimentary provenance in the Kulun region was mainly the CAOB. However, by the Early Jurassic, the provenance changed to the NCC(i.e., the Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift, IMPU). This result, combined with the development of a series of conglomerates on the northern margin of the NCC in the Late Triassic(i.e., Xingshikou, Xiaoyingzi,and Xiaohekou formations), indicates the Kulun region experienced an abrupt change in paleogeography during the Late Triassic, with the IMPU undergoing significant uplift and thus becoming the main sediment source in the Kulun region. Based on the Late Triassic alkaline igneous belt(235–215 Ma) in the IMPU, we speculate that this uplift was caused by detachment of the southward-subducting Paleo-Asian oceanic

关键词： Central Asian Orogenic Belt the North China Craton Zircon geochronology Hf isotopes Inner Mongolia Paleo-uplift

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Preparation of Low Ratio Magnesium Ccement by Acid Leaching Treatment of Boron Mud

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 120-129页

作者： YANG Mei ZHANG Mingzhe chen hao School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110168China School of Physical Science and Technology Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110168China

The effects of liquid-solid ratio and reaction time on the leaching rate of magnesium at room temperature were investigated,as well as the effects of the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl_(2),the amount of water added,and the amount of acid-impregnated slag dosed on the compressive strength and water resistance of *** results showed that the magnesium element in the boron mud could be maximally leached under the conditions of 1:1 concentration of hydrochloric acid at room temperature,liquid-solid ratio of 2.5 mL·g^(-1),and reaction time of 5 h,and the main products were amorphous SiO_(2) as well as a small amount of magnesium olivine which had not been completely *** LR-MOC prepared using the acid-soaked mixture could reach a softening coefficient of 0.85 for 28 d of water immersion when the molar ratio of MgO/MgCl_(2) was 2.2,the amount of water added was 0 g,and the acid-soaked slag dosing was 40 wt%,which also led to an appreciable late-strength,with an increase of 19.4%in compressive strength at 28 d compared to that at 7 *** previous studies,LR-MOC prepared in this way has a final strength phase that is not the more easily hydrolysed 3-phase but the lath-like *** this phenomenon,we analyzed the mechanism and found that,during the acid leaching process,a part of amorphous SiO_(2) dissolved in the acid leaching solution formed a silica sol,in which Mg^(2+)played a bridging role to make the silica sol more *** the addition and hydrolysis of MgO,the silica sol gel coagulation slows down,providing a capping layer to inhibit the hydrolysis of the 5-phase crystals and providing some strength after *** amorphous SiO_(2) in the other part of the acid-impregnated slag generated M-S-H gel with Mg^(2+)and OH-,which synergised with the dense structure composed of interlocking crystals to improve the water resistance of LR-MOC.

关键词： boron mud magnesium chloride-oxygen cement acid immersion water resistance silica sol

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Gradient‑Layered MXene/Hollow Lignin Nanospheres Architecture Design for Flexible and Stretchable Supercapacitors

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 447-462页

作者： haonan Zhang cheng hao Tongtong Fu Dian Yu Jane Howe Kaiwen chen Ning Yan hao Ren Huamin Zhai Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Sustainable Pulp and Paper Technology and Biomass Materials NanJing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E5Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto184 College StreetTorontoON M5S 3E4Canada College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China

With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has *** this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable *** depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene ***,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of *** these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the *** addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the *** electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),***,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release *** study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.

关键词： Hollow lignin nanospheres MXene Gradient-layered architecture Wrinkled electrodes Stretchable supercapacitors

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Role of iron ore in enhancing gasification of iron coke:Structural evolution,influence mechanism and kinetic analysis

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第1期32卷 58-69页

作者： Jie Wang Wei Wang Xuheng chen Junfang Bao Qiuyue hao Heng Zheng Runsheng Xu School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hubei Engineering UniversityXiaogan 432000China Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Institue of Ironmaking Technology Baosteel Central Research InstituteShanghai 201999China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The utilization of iron coke provides a green pathway for low-carbon *** uncover the influence mechanism of iron ore on the behavior and kinetics of iron coke gasification,the effect of iron ore on the microstructure of iron coke was ***,a comparative study of the gasification reactions between iron coke and coke was conducted through non-isothermal thermogravimetric *** findings indicate that compared to coke,iron coke exhibits an augmentation in micropores and specific surface area,and the micropores further extend and *** provides more adsorption sites for CO_(2) molecules during the gasification process,resulting in a reduction in the initial gasification temperature of iron *** the heating rate in non-isothermal gasification can enhance the reactivity of iron *** metallic iron reduced from iron ore is embedded in the carbon matrix,reducing the orderliness of the carbon structure,which is primarily responsible for the heightened reactivity of the carbon *** kinetic study indicates that the random pore model can effectively represent the gasification process of iron coke due to its rich pore ***,as the proportion of iron ore increases,the activation energy for the carbon gasification gradually decreases,from 246.2 kJ/mol for coke to 192.5 kJ/mol for iron coke 15wt%.

关键词： low-carbon ironmaking iron coke gasification structural evolution kinetic model

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Advances in Graphene‑Based Electrode for Triboelectric Nanogenerator

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 378-403页

作者： Bin Xie Yuanhui Guo Yun chen hao Zhang Jiawei Xiao Maoxiang Hou Huilong Liu Li Ma Xin chen Chingping Wong State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation *** nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this *** the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its *** metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of ***,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical *** review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene *** precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are *** addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.

关键词： Triboelectric nanogenerator Precision processing Graphene electrode Self-powered sensor

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Research progress of catalysts for direct coal liquefaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 481-497页

作者： Wei Song Penggao Liu Xinyue chen Ting Wang Chunrong He Rui hao Kaiyu Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources College of Chemistry Xinjiang University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University

Coal direct liquefaction technology is a crucial contemporary coal chemical technology for efficient and clean use of coal resources. The development of direct coal liquefaction technology and the promotion of alternative energy sources are important measures to guarantee energy security and economic security. However, several challenges need to be addressed, including low conversion rate, inadequate oil yield, significant coking, demanding reaction conditions, and high energy consumption. Extensive research has been conducted on these issues, but further exploration is required in certain aspects such as pyrolysis of macromolecules during the liquefaction process, hydrogen activation, catalysts' performance and stability, solvent hydrogenation, as well as interactions between free radicals to understand their mechanisms better. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design strategy for efficient catalysts in coal liquefaction, encompassing the mechanism of coal liquefaction, catalyst construction,and enhancement of catalytic conversion efficiency. It serves as a comprehensive guide for further research endeavors. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the conversion mechanism of direct coal liquefaction, provides detailed descriptions of various catalyst design strategies, and especially outlines the catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and prospects associated with constructing efficient catalysts for direct coal liquefaction based on an understanding of their action mechanisms.

关键词： Direct coal liquefaction Catalysts Mechanism of action Solvent hydrogenation

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