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Direct Nitrous Oxide Emissions Related to Fertilizer-Nitrogen, Precipitation, and Soil Clay Fraction: Empirical Models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2015年第5期8卷 277-282页

作者： ZHANG Wei gu jiang-xin ZHENG Xun-Hua State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A & F University

Direct nitrous oxide(N2O) emissions(DNEs) from croplands are required in national inventories of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) guidelines provide an approach using direct emission factors(EFds) to estimate DNEs, which are constants for large regions. The goal of this paper is to establish empirical models to account for the temporal and spatial variations of EFds, which, apart from the nitrogen addition rate, also vary with a range of environmental factors, so as to enhance the accuracy of regional/national DNE estimates. Therefore, the seasonal/annual DNEs(n = 71) from upland croplands, which are the differences in N2 O emissions between fields with and without fertilizer-nitrogen addition, were used to statistically relate DNEs to regulating factors including the fertilizer-nitrogen addition rate(FN), and environmental(climate and soil) factors. The multivariate stepwise linear regression results showed positive combined effects of FN and clay fraction on DNEs(R2 = 0.61, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the nonlinear regression of FN, precipitation, and clay fraction was also adopted for prediction(R2 = 0.50, p < 0.001). Validation with an independent dataset(n = 31) suggested that both models were better predictors of DNEs than the IPCC model, which only depends on FN. These empirical models may provide simple but reliable approaches for compiling regional/national, and even global inventories of DNEs from croplands. However, both models were restricted to a limited sample size. Understandably, more field observations are still required to further validate the global applicability of these simple approaches.

关键词： nitrous oxide direct emissions empirical model nit

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Exploration of Gas‑Dependent Self‑Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu_(2)O for Electrochemical CO_(2)Conversion to Multi‑Carbon Products

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 280-296页

作者： Chaoran Zhang Yichuan gu Qu jiang Ziyang Sheng Ruohan Feng Sihong Wang Haoyue Zhang Qianqing Xu Zijian Yuan Fang Song State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially ***,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic *** CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution *** the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO ***,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of *** inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable *** by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing *** work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction reaction Electrocatalysts Cu_(2)O Reconstruction Self-adaptive electrocatalysis

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下辽河平原单季稻田主要温室气体排放及驱动机制

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农业环境科学学报 2006年第S1期25卷 237-242页

作者：王重阳郑靖顾江新史奕陈欣沈阳农业大学辽宁沈阳110161 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态系统痕量物质生态过程开放实验室辽宁沈阳110016 中国科学院大气物理所北京100029

采用静态箱(暗箱)/气相色谱法对稻田CH4、N2O和CO2排放进行了原位测量,同时测量了土壤温度、气温、土壤Eh等相关因子。试验表明,观测期内3种气体排放各有其明显的季节变化规律。稻田3种处理中的CH4排放规律一致,各处理的CO2的季节变化... 详细信息

采用静态箱(暗箱)/气相色谱法对稻田CH4、N2O和CO2排放进行了原位测量,同时测量了土壤温度、气温、土壤Eh等相关因子。试验表明,观测期内3种气体排放各有其明显的季节变化规律。稻田3种处理中的CH4排放规律一致,各处理的CO2的季节变化规律均与相同处理的N2O变化规律相似。在整个生长季中,常规处理、无作物处理(CK)、无N处理的稻田CH4排放总量分别为1.55×102、0.74×102、1.36×***-2;N2O排放总量分别为1.80、3.25、***-2;CO2排放总量分别为9.47×103、2.75×103、8.72×***-2。从各处理排放总量分析,CH4和CO2为常规>无N>无作物,N2O为无作物>常规>无N。稻田CH4和N2O排放并无明显相关关系,土壤水分含量与3种气体的排放密切相关;当土壤Eh降到-150mV以下时,土壤CH4排放剧烈。水稻植株对稻田CH4和CO2的排放有十分重要的贡献,其参与使得CH4和CO2排放量分别增加了109%、244%;相对于常规处理来说,不施N肥能降低稻田N2O的排放,在整个生长季内,施用N肥使N2O的排放增加了49%。

关键词： N2O CH4 CO2 稻田排放

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下辽河平原潮棕壤撂荒地和人工林N_2O、CH_4排放研究

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土壤 2007年第6期39卷 863-869页

作者：王重阳郑靖顾江新史奕陈欣中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室沈阳110016 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

采用静态箱(暗箱)气相色谱法对下辽河平原潮棕壤撂荒地和人工林N2O、CH4排放进行了为期1年的原位测量,同时测量了土壤温湿度、气温,土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N含量等相关因子。结果表明,在观测期间内人工林地土壤的N2O排放通量明显高于撂荒地... 详细信息

采用静态箱(暗箱)气相色谱法对下辽河平原潮棕壤撂荒地和人工林N2O、CH4排放进行了为期1年的原位测量,同时测量了土壤温湿度、气温,土壤NO3--N、NH4+-N含量等相关因子。结果表明,在观测期间内人工林地土壤的N2O排放通量明显高于撂荒地。撂荒地是大气CH4的源,而人工林则是CH4的汇。对人工林的观测结果表明,N2O排放与CH4排放之间存在负相关关系(R2=-0.351,p<0.05,n=36);而撂荒地两种气体排放之间无明显相关关系。N2O排放通量和温度变化有很好的相关性。当土壤含水量在200g/kg以上时,土壤含水量与CH4气体排放具有较好的正相关关系。

关键词：撂荒地人工林 N2O CH4 影响因子

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下辽河平原大豆田CO_2和N_2O排放通量及相关影响因素研究

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土壤 2006年第6期38卷 708-711页

作者：王重阳郑靖顾江新史奕陈欣中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态系统生态过程开放实验室沈阳110016 中国科学院大气物理研究所北京100029

采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法测定了2004年及2005年大豆田CO2和N2O排放通量。结果表明:在2年的观测期内,大豆田的CO2和N2O排放均具有明显的季节变化规律。在2个生长季的观测中,CO2和N2O的排放通量分别呈现出相似的变化趋势。大豆田在休闲... 详细信息

采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法测定了2004年及2005年大豆田CO2和N2O排放通量。结果表明:在2年的观测期内,大豆田的CO2和N2O排放均具有明显的季节变化规律。在2个生长季的观测中,CO2和N2O的排放通量分别呈现出相似的变化趋势。大豆田在休闲期内基本没有CO2排放,冻融期有少量的N2O排放。分析相关影响因素得知,土壤温度和土壤水分是影响大豆田释放CO2和N2O的重要因素。大豆植株对于N2O的排放具有不可忽视的作用。2年观测中常规处理的N2O通量总量分别是无作物处理的2.28倍和1.80倍。

关键词：大豆 CO2 N2O 影响因素

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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 5-102页

作者： Fengying Sun Haoyan Li Dongqing Sun Shaliu Fu Lei gu xin Shao Qinqin Wang xin Dong Bin Duan Feiyang xing Jun Wu Minmin Xiao Fangqing Zhao Jing-Dong J.Han Qi Liu Xiaohui Fan Chen Li Chenfei Wang Tieliu Shi Department of Clinical Laboratory the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City) Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang University Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University) Ministry of EducationOrthopaedic DepartmentTongji HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells School of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine Shanghai East HospitalBioinformatics DepartmentSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University Research Institute of Intelligent Computing Zhejiang Lab Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Center for Single-cell Omics School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang University Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biologythe Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesCenter for Quantitative Biology (CQB)Peking University Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE School of StatisticsEast China Normal University

Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome,proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial sc RNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field,offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.

关键词： single-cell sequencing genome epigenome proteomics metabolomics multimodal spatial transcriptomics CRISPR screening

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The dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2495-2512页

作者： Yuhan Zhang Yuan Liang Yixue gu International Medical College Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina College of Pharmacy Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of NeurologyChongqingChina

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older *** its prevalence,its pathogenesis remains unclea *** addition to the most widely accepted causes,which in clude excessive amyloid-beta aggregation,tau hyperphosphorylation,and deficiency of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine,numerous studies have shown that the dopaminergic system is also closely associated with the occurrence and development of this *** is a crucial catecholaminergic neurotransmitter in the human ***-associated treatments,such as drugs that target dopamine receptor D and dopamine analogs,can improve cognitive function and alleviate psychiatric symptoms as well as ameliorate other clinical *** r,therapeutics targeting the dopaminergic system are associated with various adverse reactions,such as addiction and exacerbation of cognitive *** review summarizes the role of the dopaminergic system in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease,focusing on currently available dopamine-based therapies for this disorder and the common side effects associated with dopamine-related *** aim of this review is to provide insights into the potential connections between the dopaminergic system and Alzheimer's disease,thus helping to clarify the mechanisms underlying the condition and exploring more effective therapeutic options.

关键词： adverse drug reaction Alzheimer's disease catecholamine dopamine receptor dopamine receptor heterodimers dopaminergic system neurodegenerative disease neurotransmitter signaling pathways traditional Chinese medicine treatment

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下辽河平原玉米田土壤呼吸初步研究

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农业环境科学学报 2006年第5期25卷 1240-1244页

作者：王重阳王绍斌顾江新史奕陈欣中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态系统生态过程开放实验室辽宁沈阳110016 沈阳农业大学辽宁沈阳110161 中国科学院大气物理所北京100029

以玉米田作为研究对象,分析了土壤呼吸速率的季节变化规律及环境因子的作用,旨在通过了解农田CO2吸收与排放的动态变化,为探索该地区碳收支机理提供试验依据。试验采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法测定了下辽河平原典型玉米田的土壤呼吸速率... 详细信息

以玉米田作为研究对象,分析了土壤呼吸速率的季节变化规律及环境因子的作用,旨在通过了解农田CO2吸收与排放的动态变化,为探索该地区碳收支机理提供试验依据。试验采用静态箱/气相色谱(GC)法测定了下辽河平原典型玉米田的土壤呼吸速率。结果表明,玉米田土壤呼吸速率具有明显的变化规律,玉米生长旺盛期土壤呼吸速率值保持在较高水平,3种处理的平均土壤呼吸速率分别为:施N肥处理(N150)为215.67 mg.m-2.h-1;未施N肥处理(N0)为192.48 mg.m-2.h-1;无作物对照(CK)为137.13 mg.m-.2h-1。土壤温度Q10和土壤水分是影响土壤呼吸的重要因素。地下5 cm的土壤温度与土壤呼吸有显著的相关性。在夏季(6至8月)的土壤水分与土壤呼吸间存在较为明显的互为消长关系。施肥可明显增强土壤呼吸作用,N150比N0处理土壤呼吸总量增加了12.1%,N150和N0处理的土壤呼吸总量分别是CK处理的1.57和1.40倍。

关键词：土壤呼吸玉米田 Q10

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下辽河平原几种旱作农田N_2O排放通量及相关影响因素的研究

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农业环境科学学报 2006年第3期25卷 657-663页

作者：王重阳郑靖顾江新王绍斌史奕陈欣沈阳农业大学辽宁沈阳110161 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态系统生态过程开放实验室辽宁沈阳110016 中国科学院大气物理所北京100029

为探明下辽河平原几种旱作农田N2O排放通量及相关因素的影响,采用静态箱(暗箱)/气相色谱法对东北地区3种典型的旱地作物(玉米、大豆和春小麦)的N2O排放进行了原位测量,同时测量了土壤湿度等相关影响因子。结果表明,3种旱田作物的N2O排... 详细信息

为探明下辽河平原几种旱作农田N2O排放通量及相关因素的影响,采用静态箱(暗箱)/气相色谱法对东北地区3种典型的旱地作物(玉米、大豆和春小麦)的N2O排放进行了原位测量,同时测量了土壤湿度等相关影响因子。结果表明,3种旱田作物的N2O排放在其各自生长季内均表现出比较明显的季节变化规律。在整个生长季观测中,常规处理N2O排放通量变化范围和平均通量分别为:玉米田-26.2～822.1μg·m-2·h-1,平均通量110.3μg·m-2·h-1;大豆田-96.8～281.0μg·m-2·h-1,平均通量66.0μg·m-2·h-1;春小麦田-27.1～183.1μg·m-2·h-1,平均通量46.3μg·m-2·h-1。研究还表明,土壤湿度是制约旱田N2O释放的关键因素,在土壤湿度较低时,施N肥并不会增加N2O的排放量。从作物的整个生长季来看,施N肥处理比未施N肥处理的N2O排放量要高,具体表现在玉米田和春小麦田常规处理N2O排放总量分别是无N处理的3.88倍、1.10倍。

关键词：下辽河平原 N2O 玉米大豆春小麦排放通量影响因素

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