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Forecast Hesitancy: Why are People Reluctant to Believe, Accept, or Respond to Various Weather, Water, and Climate Hazard-Related Forecasts?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2021年第4期12卷 600-609页

作者： Michael H.Glantz gregory E.Pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research(INSTAAR)University of ColoradoBoulderCO80301USA

Current discussions of the social phenomenon of“vaccine hesitancy”with regard to Covid-19 provide an opportunity to use hesitancy as a means to shift thinking about untimely and delayed responses to forecasts of hydrometeorological ***,that is,provides a paradigm through which such regrettably delayed responses to hydromet hazards might be better understood and effectively *** exaggeration,just about every hydromet event provides an example of how hesitancy hinders individual,community,and national government risk-reducing preventive and mitigative responses to forecasts of foreseeable,relatively near-term climate,water,or weather *** for such hesitancy(for vaccine and forecast use alike)include—among others—lack of trust in the science,lack of confidence in government,and persistent concern about the uncertainties that surround forecasting—both meteorological and public *** such,a better understanding of the causes that lead to individual and group hesitancy can better inform hydromet forecasters and affected communities about ways in which beneficial actions in response to timely forecasts are often *** better understanding will facilitate,where necessary,targeted interventions to enhance the societal value of forecasting by reducing this long-observed challenge of“forecast hesitancy.”First,this article focuses on incidents of“vaccine hesitancy”that,for various reasons,people around the world are even now experiencing with regard to several now-available,and confirmed efficacious,Covid-19 *** of such incidents of indecisiveness first increased dramatically over the first few months of 2021,despite the strong scientific confidence that vaccination would significantly lower personal risk of contracting as well as spreading the ***,the notion of forecast hesitancy with regard to hydrometeorological hazards is discussed.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Forecast Forecast hesitancy Hesitancy Hydromet hazards Vaccine hesitancy

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The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo Joseph Julian Teh Paul sweet Phil gregory Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American Museum of Natural History New YorkUSA sicklebill safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and Australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPs loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

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single-Li^+ conductivity in ionomeric network

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1993年第5期11卷 429-434页

作者： FARRINGTON gregory C. Department of Materials and Engineer University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Ionomeric networks(IN)with lithium sulfate and sait-solvating oligo(oxyethylene)chain were synthesized on the purpose of improving the conductivity of single-Li^+-ionic ***^+-ionic conductivity depends considerably on the salt content of the INs although the apparent degree of cross- linking is fixed in a constant of 10 mol%.As salt content(Li/O value)equals 0.0467,conductivity of the IN containing neither small-molecular salt nor low molecular weight plasticizer reaches a maximum of 7×10^(-6) s/cm at 25℃.Temperature-conductivity relationship of the INs shows curved Arrhenins plots,suggesting that the ionic conduction is primarily influenced by segmental motion of the polymer *** addition,WLF(Williams-Landel-Ferry)equation is used to analyze the conductivity data, from which the related WLF parameters are determined.

关键词： single-Li

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Potential of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the oxadiazine indoxacarb for controlling five coleopteran pests of stored grain

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Insect science 2012年第1期19卷 96-101页

作者： gregory J. Daglish Manoj K. Nayak Agri-science Queensland Department of Employment Economic Development and Innovation Brisbane Queensland Australia

The potential for using imidacloprid （a neonicotinoid） and indoxacarb （an oxadiazine） as grain protectants was investigated in bioassays against resistant strains of five stored grain beetles. The species investigated were Rhyzopertha dominica （E）（the lesser grain borer）, sitophilus oryzae （L.）（the rice weevil）, Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）（the rust-red flour beetle）, Oryzaephilus surinamensis （L.）（the saw tooth flour beetle）, and Cryptolestesferrugineus （stephens）（the fiat grain beetle）. Each of these species has developed resistance to one or more protectants, including organophosphorus insecticides, synthetic pyrethroids and the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene. Mortality and re- production after a 2-week exposure of adults to treated wheat depended on species, dose and insecticide. Imidacloprid had no effect on s. oryzae at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 10 mg/kg. Indoxacarb had no effect on T. castaneum at any dose, but none of the other species produced any live progeny at 5 mg/kg. The results show that although both imidacloprid and indoxacarb can control at least four of the five key pests tested at doses comparable to those used for organophosphorus protectants, more potent neonicotinoid or oxadiazine insecticides would be needed than either of these to provide broad spectrum protection of stored grain .

关键词： beetles imidacloprid indoxacarb stored grain

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NitroMAC：An instrument for the measurement of HONO and intercomparison with a long-path absorption photometer

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第2期28卷 105-113页

作者： Charbel Afif Corinne Jambert Vincent Michoud Aurélie Colomb gregory Eyglunent Agnès Borbon Véronique Daele Jean-Francois Doussin Pascal Perros Emissions Measurements and Modeling of the Atmosphere Laboratory EGFEM Unit Center for Analysis and Research Faculty of SciencesSaint Joseph University Beirut Lebanon Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des systemes Atmospheriques (LIsA) UMR7583 CNRS Universite Paris-Est-Creteil (UPEC) et Universite Paris Diderot (UPD) Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Creteil France Institut de Combustion Aerothermique Reactivite et Environnement CNRS Orleans France

Nitro MAC（French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds） is an instrument which has been developed for the semi-continuous measurement of atmospheric nitrous acid（HONO）. This instrument relies on wet chemical sampling and detection using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）-visible absorption at540 nm. sampling proceeds by dissolution of gaseous HONO in a phosphate buffer solution followed by derivatization with sulfanilamide/N-（1-naphthyl）-ethylenediamine. The performance of this instrument was found to be as follows： a detection limit of around 3 ppt with measurement uncertainty of 10% over an analysis time of 10 min. Intercomparison was made between the instrument and a long-path absorption photometer（LOPAP） during two experiments in different environments. First, air was sampled in a smog chamber with concentrations up to 18 ppb of nitrous acid. Nitro MAC and LOPAP measurements showed very good agreement. Then, in a second experiment, ambient air with HONO concentrations below250 ppt was sampled. While Nitro MAC showed its capability of measuring HONO in moderate and highly polluted environments, the intercomparison results in ambient air highlighted that corrections must be made for minor interferences when low concentrations are measured.

关键词： Atmospheric measurements Nitrous acid sulfanilamide/N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine Long-path absorption photometer French acronym for continuous atmospheric measurements of nitrogenous compounds(NitroMAC)

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New variation of median arcuate ligament compression causing hepatic arterial hypoperfusion during liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第4期19卷 394-395页

作者： Noel Cassar stephen gregory Krishna Menon Institute of Liver studies King’s Healthcare PartnersDenmark Hill SiteLondon SE59RSUK

satisfactory blood flow after hepatic arterial anastomosis in liver transplantation is a critical point of the *** with this anastomosis can result in hepatic artery thrombosis with resultant graft failure and patient morbidity and *** of hepatic artery thrombosis include problematic technique,hepatic artery dissection,external compression(*** hematoma),hypercoagulable state,splenic arterial steal and rarer causes such as median arcuate ligament compression(MALC).A careful review of preoperative radiology and imaging will reveal these rare instances and enable a proper intraoperative plan.

关键词： hepatic arterial ligament

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sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 747-753页

作者： Haley BOWCOCK gregory P. BROWN Richard sHINE school of Biological sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs

关键词： Mating systems size-assortative mating Large-male advantage Anurans Invasive species

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Transcranial electrical stimulation in neurological disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2221-2222页

作者： gregory L.Brown Michael T.Brown Neurished HersheyPAUSA

Increased lifespan is one of society’s greatest achievements,but this longevity increases the prevalence of diseases of aging,such as neurological ***,neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of deaths(Feigin et al.,2019).Furthermore,these diseases affect people in low-,medium-,and high-income countries(Feigin et al.,2019).Current technology to modify neurological burden is scarce,which poses numerous challenges for healthcare,global policy,and economic stability(Feigin et al.,2019).To face these challenges,brain stimulation technology,such as transcranial electrical stimulation(TEs),has displayed exciting *** et al.(2017)provide a detailed overview of the safety and application of ***,electrodes are attached to the head and a weak current(e.g.,1-2 mA)is applied through the scalp,skull,and into the brain for 10-30 minutes to activate neurons(Antal et al.,2017).The technique is extremely safe with no serious adverse effects reported from thousands of sessions(Antal et al.,2017).The most common side effects are a tingling/itching sensation or redness at the stimulation site(Antal et al.,2017).However,these side effects can be minimized by reducing the electrode-skin impedance,slowly ramping up and ramping down TEs,or using topical analgesics(Antal et al.,2017).The development of TEs may repair neural dysfunction and stem the oncoming incidence of neurodegenerative disease.

关键词： stimulation sensation electrical

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Noninvasive ventilation for pediatric interfacility transports:a retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期16卷 422-425页

作者： samantha Holbird Tanya Holt Adam shaw gregory Hansen College of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Division of Pediatric Critical Care Jim Pattison Children’s Hospital103 Hospital DriveSaskatoonSKS7N 0W8Canada

Background To characterize pediatric patients supported with continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure(CPAP/BiPAP)or high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)during interfacility transport(IFT).Methods A retrospective study with a provincial pediatric transport team from a tertiary hospital pediatric intensive care *** patients aged 28 days tos,who required IFT between January 2017 and December 2018,were identified through a transport registry and were included in the *** A total of 118(26.7%)patients received CPAP/BIPAP or HFNC support for *** most common respiratory diagnosis was bronchiolitis(46%).These patients were placed on respiratory support,31.4 minutes after the transport team’s *** required intubation during their IFT,despite mean transport times of 163 *** This study may provide important information for programs with large catchment areas,in which large distances and transport times should not be barriers to NIV implementation.

关键词： Children Critical illness Intubation Noninvasive ventilation Transportation of patients

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Orientalism, ＂Yellow Peril,＂ and the ＂New Yellow Journalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and social sciences 2016年第1期9卷 123-146页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney shanghai China

In this essay, I take the recent publication of several texts examining the historical and contemporary phenomena of sinophobia, Orientalism, and sinologism as an opening for theorizing underlying and related issues including pervasive anti-China biases in Western journalism and China＇s position therein. In addition to illustrating how the concepts of Orientalism arise from Western historical and epistemological foundations, I theorize what I call a ＂new yellow journalism＂ that has grown in tandem with ＂China＇s rise＂ and the threat this indicates to many Western observers, and how this threat and others like it have been met in the age of ＂new imperialism.＂ I compare this new phenomenon with its historical antecedents, ＂yellow journalism＂ and America＇s emergence as a imperialism power with the spanish-American War （1898）, and note several key insights offered by recent critical analyses of that period, which together suggest a confluence of different players, including policymakers, new media business models, and what I describe as a type of public ＂corporatism＂ in which citizens, particularly Americans, function effectively as shareholders in maintaining hegemonic if not imperialist power.

关键词： China - Orientalism · Yellow peril - Yellow journalism - sinophobia sinologism · New imperialism · Anti-China biases

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