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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.so Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul santerre Tessa Gordon gregory HBorschel sickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University school of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Burril-Bernard Crohn(1884-1983)and the disease which bears his name

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History & Philosophy of Medicine 2024年第4期6卷 16-23页

作者： Georgios Androutsos Konstantinos Laios Pavlos Lytsikas-sarlis Evangelia Mourellou Constantinos Georgios Zografos gregory Tsoucalas Marianna Karamanou school of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Graduate school of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece Department of the History of Medicine and Medical Deontology School of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion 71003Greece surgery Department School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Background:Crohn’s disease,described by *** Crohn and his colleagues in 1932,continues to be of great research and clinical *** was initially perceived as a distinct condition and it has evolved since into a complex disease,with debates still going regarding its classification and *** though more that 80 years of research have passed,numerous significant questions regarding the disease’s causes and best possible treatment strategies still ***:This article reviews both historical and contemporary perspectives on Crohn’s disease,including its initial description,the research developments that happened in the years to follow,as well as the way it is regarded *** refers to notable contributions from medical figures,such as *** and his colleagues,examines related advances made in medical research and mentions the challenges and the treatment strategies that are still being ***:This article highlights the evolution of Crohn’s disease from a distinct condition to a more heterogeneous ***,it refers to advancements made in medical research,such as the identification of CARD15(NOD2)gene mutations and the role of dysbiosis,and it examines current therapeutic ***:Even though significant progress has been made since the initial description of Chron’s disease,there is no definitive cure,even though it has been determined that genetic and environmental factors are of great *** ongoing research could possibly lead to future discoveries and therefore aid in the discovery of efficient management and treatment of Crohn’s disease.

关键词： regional ileitis granulomatous inflammation endoscopic evaluation historical figures

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Xyloglucans of Monocotyledons Have Diverse structures

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 943-965页

作者： Yves s.Y. Hsieh Philip J. harris school of Biological sciences The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Except in the Poaceae, little is known about the structures of the xyloglucans in the primary walls of monocotyledons. Xyloglucan structures in a range of monocotyledon species were examined. Wall preparations were isolated, extracted with 6 M sodium hydroxide, and the extracts treated with a xyloglucan-specific endo-（1→4）-β-glucanase preparation. The oligosaccharides released were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Oligosaccharide profiles of the non-commelinid monocotyledons were similar to those of most eudicotyledons, indicating the xyloglucans were fucogalactoxyloglucans, with a XXXG a core motif and the fucosylated units XXFG and XLFG. An exception was Lemna minor （Araceae）, which yielded no fucosylated oligosaccharides and had both XXXG and XXGn core motifs. Except for the Arecales （palms） and the Dasypogonaceae, which had fucogalactoxyloglucans, the xyloglucans of the commelinid monocotyledons were structurally different. The Zingiberales and Commelinales had xyloglucans with both XXGn and XXXG core motifs; small proportions of XXFG units, but no XLFG units, were present. In the Poales, the Poaceae had xyloglucans with a XXGn core motif and no fucosylated units. In the other Poales families, some had both XXXG and XXGn core motifs, others had only XXXG; XXFG units were present, but XLFG units were not.

关键词： Commelinid monocotyledons non-commelinid monocotyledons plant cell walls Poaceae xyloglucans xyloglucan-specific endo-(1→4)-β-glucanase.

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1.3~1.55μm GAInNAssb Lasers

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 313-314页

作者： James s. harris solid state and Photonics Lab Stanford University Stanford CA 94305-4075

The realization of long wavelength lasers on GaAs provides the opportunity to produce both much lower cost vertical cavity lasers and high power lasers. Results of work on the GaInNAssb system to realize such lasers a... 详细信息

关键词： GaAs very as In that m GAInNAssb Lasers been from for of in with sb

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Annihilating the Nothing:Hegel and Nishitani on The self-Overcoming of Nihilism

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第4期13卷 585-615页

作者： gregory s.Moss Department of Philosophy The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In Nishitani’s The self-Overcoming of Nihilism, Nishitani explores, among other related topics, the history of the problem of Nihilism in the West. Conspicuously absent from Nishitani’s historical analysis is the thought of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, who famously raised the charge of Nihilism against Fichte’s philosophy in 1799. As is evident from a variety of Hegel’s texts, Hegel explicitly responds to Jacobi’s charge against speculative Idealism and designs his philosophy in part as a response to Jacobi’s charge of Nihilism. On the one hand, Nishitani fails to appreciate Hegel’s philosophy as a response to the problem of Nihilism because he has an incomplete possession of the history of the problem. On the other hand, Nishitani’s critique of Hegel begs the question. Nishitani’s dogmatic rejection of Hegel appears to be grounded in his methodological approach to the philosophy of history, which assumes the falsehood of Hegel’s account. Jacobi’s charge against speculative Idealism consists in the Idealist’s failure to account for the very existence of the world. On his view, philosophy is Nihilism because the world disappears completely from philosophical speculation. Hegel attempts to overcome this charge of Nihilism by re-thinking the structure and content of reason.

关键词： Nihilism Hegel Nishitani Jacobi

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A whiter shade of male： Color background matching as a function of size and sex in the yellow shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis （Dana, 1851）

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 729-738页

作者： gregory C. JENsEN Michael s. EGNOTOVICH school of Aquatic and Fishery sciences Box 355020 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

Juveniles of the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis are highly variable in color, ranging from the typical yellowish- green of adults to pure white and myriad patterns of white mottling and other disruptive markings, but large individuals with white coloration appear to be very rare. Using image analysis to quantify the relative ＂whiteness＂ of beaches, we sampled crabs from nine locations in Washington state that varied widely in their amount of shell fragments and other light-colored material. The total proportion of white individuals in the different locations was strongly correlated to the proportion of white material on the beaches, but there was a striking difference between sexes. Although white specimens of both sexes declined significantly at sizes above 10 mm carapace width, white females generally persisted throughout the entire female size range on lighter-colored beaches while white males larger than 10 mm were virtually absent from all of the sampled populations. Pure white males held on dark backgrounds in captivity remained white, as they lack the dark chromatophores in their hypoderrnis needed to change color; off-white males became darker and in some cases lightened up again when transferred back to a white background. Behavioral differences between the sexes may result in differential mortality of white individuals by visual predators [Current Zoology 61 （4） 729-738, 2015 ].

关键词： Camouflage Color Polymorphism Disruptive patterns Crabs

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Quantizing Euclidean Motions via Double-Coset Decomposition

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 525-540页

作者： Christian Wülker sipu Ruan gregory s.Chirikjian Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMDUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore

Concepts from mathematical crystallography and group theory are used here to quantize the group of rigid-body motions,resulting in a“motion alphabet”with which robot motion primitives are *** these primitives it is possible to develop a dictionary of physical *** with an alphabet of the sort developed here,intelligent actions of robots in the world can be approximated with fnite sequences of characters,thereby forming the foundation of a language in which robot motion is *** particular,we use the discrete handedness-preserving symmetries of macromolecular crystals(known in mathematical crystallography as sohncke space groups)to form a coarse discretization of the space sE(3)of rigid-body *** discretization is made fner by subdividing using the concept of double-coset *** specifcally,a very efcient,equivolumetric quantization of spatial motion can be defned using the group-theoretic concept of a double-coset decomposition of the formΓ\sE(3)/Δ,whereΓis a sohncke space group andΔis a fnite group of rotational symmetries such as those of the *** resulting discrete alphabet is based on a very uniform sampling of sE(3)and is a tool for describing the continuous trajectories of robots and *** efcient coarse-to-fne search algorithm is presented to round of any motion sampled from the continuous group of motions to the nearest element of our *** is shown that our alphabet and this efcient rounding algorithm can be used as a geometric data structure to accelerate the performance of other sampling schemes designed for desirable dispersion or discrepancy ***,the general“signals to symbols”problem in artifcial intelligence is cast in this framework for robots moving continuously in the world.

关键词： robot primitive thereby

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Colorectal cancer surveillance:What's new and what's next?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1887-1897页

作者： Johnie Rose Knut Magne Augestad gregory s Cooper Department of Family Medicine and Community Health Case Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOH 44106United States Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106United States Norwegian National Centre of Telemedicine and Integrated Care University Hospitals North NorwayN-9038 Troms?Norway seidman Cancer Center University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106United States

The accumulated evidence from two decades of randomized controlled trials has not yet resolved the question of how best to monitor colorectal cancer(CRC)survivors for early detection of recurrent and metachronous disease or even whether doing so has its intended effect.A new wave of trial data in the coming years and an evolving knowledge of relevant biomarkers may bring us closer to understanding what surveillance strategies are most effective for a given subset of *** best apply these insights,a number of important research questions need to be addressed,and new decision making tools must be *** this review,we summarize available randomized controlled trial evidence comparing alternative surveillance testing strategies,describe ongoing trials in the area,and compare professional society recommendations for *** addition,we discuss innovations relevant to CRC surveillance and outline a research agenda which will inform a more risk-stratified and personalized approach to follow-up.

关键词： Colorectal cancer surveillance Follow-up Recurrence Relapse survivorship

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Association between Exposure to Metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut Microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal Midya Manasi Agrawal Jamil M.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga Joseph Eggers Jill K.gregory Mellissa Picker Inga Peter Jeremiah J.Faith Manish Arora Martha M.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel shoshannah Eggers Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy have been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals eventually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from Mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relative abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDRster and high relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDRs exploratory study demonstrates that children with specific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome environmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

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Management of ejaculatory disorders in infertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第4期14卷 525-529页

作者： Yagil Barazani Peter J stahl harris M Nagler Doron s stember Beth Israel Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University New YorkNew York 10003USA Department of Urology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10003USA

Ejaculatory dysfunction is a highly prevalent clinical condition that may be classified along a continuum that ranges from premature ejaculation （PE）, through retarded or delayed ejaculation （DE）, to complete anejaculation （AE）. Retrograde ejaculation （RE） represents a distinct entity in which ejaculate is expelled either partially or completely into the bladder. While DE and PE are significant sources of sexual dissatisfaction among men and their partners, patients with these disorders retain normal fertility in most cases. Conversely, men with AE and RE are unable to deliver sperm into the female genital tract and are therefore rendered subfertile. Therefore, in reviewing ejaculatory disorders as they relate to fertility, this paper will primarily focus on the diagnosis and management of AE and RE. Physiology, diagnostic strategies, pharmacological treatments, and procedural interventions relevant to AE and RE are discussed.

关键词： anejaculation delayed ejaculation ejaculatory dysfunction electroejaculation penile vibratory stimulation prematureejaculation retrograde ejaculation

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