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Beyond the SDG 15.3.1 Good Practice Guidance 1.0 using the Google Earth Engine platform: developing a self-adjusting algorithm to detect significant changes in water use efficiency and net primary production

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Big Earth Data 2023年第1期7卷 59-80页

作者： Andrea Markos neil Sims gregory Giuliani Foundation for the Conservation of the Chiquitano Forest Santa CruzBolivia Bolivian national Academy of Sciences La PazBolivia Centre for Earth Observation Space&AstronomyCSIROClaytonAustralia GEO LDn Initiative Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE LabUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences GRID-GenevaUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Monitoring changes in Annual net Primary Productivity(AnPP)is required for reporting on Un Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)Indicator 15.3.1:the proportion of land that is degraded over the total land *** time-series observations of AnPP to derive Water Use Efficiency(WUE;a measure of AnPP per unit of evapotranspiration)can minimize the influence of climate factors on AnPP observations and highlight the influence of non-climatic drivers of degradation such as land use *** the AnPP and WUE time series may be useful for identifying the primary drivers of land degradation,which could be used to support the Land Degradation neutrality objectives of the Un Convention to Combat Desertification(UnCCD).This paper presents an algorithm for the Google Earth Engine(freely and openly available upon request-http://***/10.5281/zenodo.4429773)to calculate and compare AnPP and WUE time series for Santa Cruz,Bolivia,which has recently experienced an intensification in its land *** code builds on the Good Practice Guidance document(ver-sion 1)for monitoring SDG Indicator *** use the MODIS 16-day average,250 m resolution to demonstrate that the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI)responds faster to changes in water avail-ability than the normalized Difference Vegetation Index(nDVI).We also consider the relationships between AnPP and *** and concordant trends may highlight good agricultural practices or increased resilience in ecosystem structure and productivity when they are positive or reducing resilience and functional integrity if *** sign and significance of the correlation between AnPP and WUE may also diverge over *** further analysis,it may be possible to interpret this relationship in terms of the drivers of change in plant productivity and ecosystem resilience.

关键词： Land degradation land productivity water use efficiency Google Earth Engine MODIS Good Practice Guidance SDG 15.3.1

A survey of high resolution image processing techniques for cereal crop growth monitoring

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第2期9卷 300-315页

作者： Sanaz Rasti Chris J.Bleakley n.M.Holden Rebecca Whetton David Langton gregory O’Hare School of Computer Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinDublinIreland School of Biosystems and Food Engineering University College DublinDublinIreland Origin Enterprises plc DublinIreland

This paper presents a survey of image processing techniques proposed in the literature forextracting key cereal crop growth metrics from high spatial resolution, typically proximalimages. The descriptive crop growth metrics considered are: crop canopy cover, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (including green area index), chlorophyll content, andgrowth stage. The paper includes an overview of relevant fundamental image processingtechniques including camera types, colour spaces, colour indexes, and image segmentation. The descriptive crop growth metrics are defined. Reference methods for groundtruth measurement are described. Image processing methods for metric estimation aredescribed in detail. The performance of the methods is reviewed and compared. The surveyreveals limitations in image processing techniques for cereal crop monitoring such as lackof robustness to lighting conditions, camera position, and self-obstruction. Directions forfuture research to improve performance are identified.

关键词： Crop canopy cover Above ground biomass Leaf area index Chlorophyll content Growth stage Cereal image processing

Comparison between upfront surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer:A systematic review

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世界胃肠外科杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第8期15卷 1808-1818页

作者： Stylianos Fiflis Menelaos Papakonstantinou Alexandros Giakoustidis gregory Christodoulidis Eleni Louri Vasileios n Papadopoulos Dimitrios Giakoustidis A’Department of Surgery General Hospital PapageorgiouThessaloniki 56429Greece Department of General Surgery University Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41110Greece

BACKGROUnD Gastric cancer(GC)is a major health concern *** resection and chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for gastric carcinoma,however,the optimal approach remains unclear and should be different in each *** can be administered both pre-and postoperatively,but a multidisciplinary approach is preferred when *** is particularly relevant for locally advanced GC(LAGC),as neoadjuvant chemotherapy(nAT)could potentially lead to tumor downsizing thus allowing for a complete resection with curative *** though the recent progress has been impressive,European and International guidelines are still controversial,thus attenuating the need for a more standardized approach in the management of locally advanced *** To investigate the effects of nAT on the overall survival(OS),the disease-free survival(DFS),the morbidity and the mortality of patients with LAGC in comparison to upfront surgery(US).METHODS For this systematic review,a literature search was conducted between november and February 2023 in PubMed,Cochrane Library and *** for studies including patients with *** independent reviewers conducted the research and extracted the data according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion *** Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to form the search strategy and the study protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic *** Eighteen studies with 4839 patients with LAGC in total were included in our systematic *** were separated into two groups;one receiving nAT before the gastrectomy(nAT group)and the other undergoing upfront surgery(US group).The OS ranged from 41.6%to 74.2%in the nAT group and from 30.9%to 74%in the US *** DFS was also longer in the nAT group and reached up to 80%in certain *** complications related to the chemotherapy or the surgery ranged from 6.4%to 38.1%in

关键词： Gastric cancer Locally advanced gastric cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy Surgery Survival

COMPARATIVE TREATMEnT OF ACnE VULGARIS USInG PALOMAR LUX APPLIQU´E TECHnIQUE AnD DIRECT InTRALESIOnAL InJECTIOn

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 279-287页

作者： ELInA A.GEnInA ALEXEY n.BASHKATOV VALERY V.TUCHIn GEORGY V.SIMOnEnKO VERA n.SHERSTnEVA ILYA V.YAROSLAVSKY gregory B.ALTSHULER Department of Optics and Biophotonics Saratov State University 83 Astrakhanskaya str. Saratov 410012Russia Saratov State Medical University 112 B.Kazachya str. Saratov 410012Russia Palomar Medical Technologies Inc. 82 Cambridge St.Burlington 01803MAUSA

Intralesional injection of triamcinolone(TMC)preparations is an effective therapy for cystic acne ***,invasive delivery techniques limit the use of this modality to a relatively narrow class of *** permeability can be enhanced through creating a lattice of microzones(islets)of light-induced limited thermal damage in the upper layers of *** this paper,we directly compared safety and efficacy of delivering TMC acetonide with this novel technique versus conventional intralesional injection for treatment of inflammatory acne lesions.A combination of an intense pulsed light system and a specially designed appliqu´e with a pattern of absorbing centers has been used to create the lattice of islets of damage(LID).Quantitative analysis has included estimation of the following parameters:redness,diameter,and height of acne *** photography has been used to document dynamics of lesion development at successive visits(two hours,24 hours and one week post-treatment).Seven subjects have participated in the *** difference in lesion dynamics between the treatment and control groups was observed at two-hours *** 24-hours/one-week follow-ups,TMC-injected and TMC-LID-delivered groups have demonstrated 82%/93%and 80%/89%improvement in height of lesions in comparison to control(60%/68%).Delivery of TMC with the newly proposed LID technique is at least as effective as intralesional injection for treating inflammatory acne *** of skin permeability using LID approach is a promising technique for accelerating delivery of various compounds to their target areas in the skin.

关键词： Acne vulgaris drug delivery skin permeability enhancement.

The diagnostic and prognostic utility of the dual-task tandem gait test for pediatric concussion

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 131-137页

作者： Katie A.Van Deventer Corrine n.Seehusen gregory A.Walker Julie C.Wilson David R.Howell University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO 80045USA Sports Medicine Center Children’s Hospital ColoradoAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Orthopedics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

Background:The tandem gait test has gained interest recently for assessment of concussion *** purpose of our study was to determine the prognostic and diagnostic use of the single-and dual-task tandem gait test,alongside other clinical measures,within 10 days of pediatric ***:We assessed 126 patients post-concussion(6.3§2.3 days post-injury,mean§SD)at a pediatric sports medicine clinic and compared them to 58 healthy controls(age:15.6§1.3 years;43%female).We also compared the 31 patients with concussion who developed persistent post-concussion symptoms(PPCS)(age=14.9§2.0 years;48%female)to the 81 patients with concussion who did not develop PPCS following the initial assessment(age:14.1§3.0 years;41%female).All subjects completed a test battery,and concussion patients were monitored until they experienced concussion-symptom *** test battery included tandem gait(single-task,dual-task(performing tandem gait while concurrently completing a cognitive test)conditions),modified Balance Error Scoring System(mBESS),and concussion symptom assessment(Health and Behavior Inventory).We defined PPCS as symptom resolution time>28 days post-concussion for the concussion *** outcomes included tandem gait time(single-and dual-task),dual-task cognitive accuracy,mBESS errors(single/double/tandem stances),and symptom ***:The concussion group completed the single-task(mean difference=9.1 s,95%confidential interval(95%CI):6.1-12.1)and dual-task(mean difference=12.7 s,95%CI:8.716.8)tandem gait test more slowly than the control *** to those who recovered within 28 days of concussion,the PPCS group had slower dual-task tandem gait test times(mean difference=7.9 s,95%CI:2.0-13.9),made more tandem-stance mBESS errors(mean difference=1.3 errors,95%CI:0.2-2.3),and reported more severe symptoms(mean difference=26.6 Health and Behavior Inventory rating,95%CI:21.1-32.6).Conclusion:Worse dual-task tandem gait test time and mB

关键词： Adolescent Balance Mild traumatic brain injury Postural stability Prognosis

Stability and transferability assessment of the cotton fiber strength QTL qFS-c7-1 on chromosome A07

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The Crop Journal 2021年第2期9卷 380-386页

作者： David D.Fang Linghe Zeng gregory n.Thyssen Christopher D.Delhom Efrem Bechere Don C.Jones Ping Li Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Crop Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMS 38776USA Cotton Chemistry&Utilization Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Structure and Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS-SRRCNew OrleansLA 70124USA Cotton Incorporated CaryNC 27513USA

Previously we identified a major cotton fiber strength QTL(qFS-c7-1)on chromosome A07 using a multiparent advanced generation intercross(MAGIC)*** assess the stability and transferability of this QTL and its utility in cotton breeding,we made ten new *** populations were developed from crosses between MAGIC recombinant inbred lines,or between cotton cultivars that are different from the MAGIC parents.A total of 2801 F_(2) plants were grown and their fiber quality traits were *** also selected a subset of F_(3) seeds from two populations,and grew F_(3) progeny plots to further evaluate the stability of this *** results showed that the peak of qFS-c7-1 is at 70–72 Mb *** QTL had a major effect on fiber strength explaining 21.9%phenotypic *** effect on other fiber quality attributes such as micronaire,short fiber content,length and uniformity varied between populations,and no effect on fiber elongation was *** QTL effects were stable in the populations analyzed,and in different generations of the same *** SSR and SnP markers near and within the QTL peak reported herein will assist selecting superior fiber quality traits in breeding,with a recommendation that the parental cotton lines should be analyzed using the seven DnA markers within the QTL peak before fully implementing marker assisted selection in a cotton breeding program.

关键词： Cotton Fiber quality Fiber strength MAGIC population qFS-c7-1

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经济学原理

Real-time 3D Microtubule Gliding Simulation Accelerated by GPU Computing

作者： (美)n·格里高利·曼昆(n. gregory Mankiw)

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第2期13卷 108-116页

作者： gregory Gutmann Daisuke Inoue Akira Kakugo Akihiko Konagaya Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University

A microtubule gliding assay is a biological experiment observing the dynamics of microtubules driven by motor proteins fixed on a glass surface. When appropriate microtubule interactions are set up on gliding assay experiments, microtubules often organize and create higher-level dynamics such as ring and bundle structures. In order to reproduce such higher-level dynamics on computers, we have been focusing on making a real-time 3D microtubule simulation. This real-time 3D microtubule simulation enables us to gain more knowledge on microtubule dynamics and their swarm movements by means of adjusting simulation paranleters in a real-time fashion. One of the technical challenges when creating a real-time 3D simulation is balancing the 3D rendering and the computing performance. Graphics processor unit （GPU） programming plays an essential role in balancing the millions of tasks, and makes this real-time 3D simulation possible. By the use of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units （GPGPU） programming we are able to run the simulation in a massively parallel fashion, even when dealing with more complex interactions between microtubules such as overriding and snuggling. Due to performance being an important factor, a performance n, odel has also been constructed from the analysis of the microtubule simulation and it is consistent with the performance measurements on different GPGPU architectures with regards to the number of cores and clock cycles.

关键词： Microtubule gliding assay 3D computer graphics and simulation parallel computing performance analysis general- purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) compute unified device arshitecture (CUDA) DirectX.

Origin of major ions in monthly rainfall events at the Bamenda Highlands, north West Cameroon

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 801-809页

作者： Mengnjo J. Wirmvem Takeshi Ohba Wilson Y. Fantong Samuel n. Ayonghe Jonathan n. Hogarh Justice Y. Suila Asobo nkengmatia E. Asaah Seigo Ooki gregory Tanyileke Joseph V. Hell Department of Chemistry School of Science Tokai University Hiratsuka 259-1211 Japan Institute of Geological and Mining Research Yaounde Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Kumasi Ghana G.B.H.S. Atiela Nkwen Bamenda Cameroon Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8551 Japan

Rainwater characteristics can reveal emissions from various anthropogenic and natural sources into the atmosphere. The physico-chemical characteristics of 44 monthly rainfall events （collected between January and December 2012） from 4 weather stations （Bamenda, ndop plain, ndawara and Kumbo） in the Bamenda Highlands （BH） were investigated. The purpose was to determine the sources of chemical species, their seasonal inputs and suitability of the rainwater for drinking. The mean pH of 5 indicated the slightly acidic nature of the rainwater. Average total dissolved solids （TDS） were low （6.7 mg/L）, characteristic of unpolluted atmospheric moisture/air. Major ion concentrations （mg/L） were low and in the order K＋〉 Ca2＋〉 Mg2~ 〉 na＋ for cations and nO3 〉〉 HCO3 〉 SO] 〉 CI- 〉 PO3- 〉 F- for anions. The average rainwater in the area was mixed Ca-Mg-SO4-CI water type. The CI-/na＋ ratio （1.04） was comparable to that of seawater （1.16）, an indication that n a＋ and CI originated mainly from marine （Atlantic Ocean） aerosols. High enrichments of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ and SO2- to na＋ ratios relative to seawater ratios （constituting 44% of the total ions） demonstrated their terrigenous origin, mainly from Saharan and Sahelian arid dusts. The K＋/na＋ ratio （2.24）, which was similar to tropical vegetation ash （2.38）, and nO3 was essentially from biomass burning. Light （〈 100 mm） pre-monsoon and post-monsoon convective rains were enriched in major ions than the heavy （〉 100 mm） monsoon rains, indicating a high contribution of major ions during the low convective showers. Despite the acidic nature, the TDS and major ion concentrations classified the rainwater as potable based on the WHO guidelines.

关键词： rainwater chemistry tropical atmosphere drinking-water Bamenda Highlands Cameroon