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Unprecedented JWST Observations Contest Cosm.logical Canons

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 6-9页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

After m.re than 18 m.nths of nearly flawless operation,the Jam.s Webb Space Telescope(JWST)continues to deliver am.zem.nt,m.king unexpected discoveries,adding new wrinkles to known phenom.na,and calling into question long-held theories of how the universe works.“The instrum.nts are working am.zingly well,in essentially all cases better than expected,”said Garth Illingworth,professor em.ritus of astronom. and astrophysics at the University of California,Santa Cruz(CA,USA),and one of the three originators of the m.ssion over three decades ago.“It has exceeded every one of its perform.nce requirem.nts,which is truly am.zing when you think about how com.lex it is.”That com.lexity has included three decades of planning,design,and construction,followed by launch and m.neuvering 1.5106 km.from.Earth to its second Lagrange(L2)orbit,unfolding and locking into position the 18 segm.nts of its 6.5 m.diam.ter m.in m.rror,and deploying 8 m.tors,90 cables,and som. 400 pulleys to unfurl its fragile sunshield[1,2].

关键词： universe Observation Cosm.

Increasing Threat of Scarcity Prom.ts Rise in Water Recycling

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 6-8页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

In January 2018,construction wrapped on Salesforce Tower(Fig.1),a 61-story office building that now dom.nates the skyline of San Francisco,CA,*** addition to being the tallest building in the city,Salesforce Tower is the largest structure in the world with an onsite water recycling *** by the Australian com.pany Aquacell(m.lton,NSW,Australia),the system.cleans 113 m.(3)of sewage,sink,shower,and other wastewater each day for use in irrigation and flushing toilets,saving an estim.ted 35000 m.of water anm.ally[1].The building is just one of dozens in San Fran-cisco outitted with their own water recycling system.,thanks to a city m.ndate enacted in 2015[1].

关键词： cycling wastewater recycling

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浮式海上风电助力可再生能源发展

Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 1-3页

作者： Chris palmer Senior Technology Writer

Nearly 150 km.off the coast of Norway,in one of the windiest places on Earth,stands Hywind Tam.en,the world’s largest floating wind power *** weighing 8800 t and 190 m.tall,with roughly one-third of that height sitting below the waterline,Hywind Tam.en’s 11 turbines can generate 94.6 m.(Fig.1)[1].The blades—each 80 m.long—travel at a blistering 290 km.h–1,yet because of their size they com.lete only about 10 to 15 full rotations per m.nute.A single rotation provides enough electricity to power an average hom. for a ***,Hywind Tam.en,which becam. fully operational in August 2023,will not power ***,the installation built by energy com.any Equinor(Stavanger,Norway)will provide 38%of the annual electricity consum.d by five nearby offshore oil platform. in the North Sea[1].

关键词： rotation travel floating

Why and how to use the SeqCode

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m.ife 2024年第1期3卷 1-13页

作者： Wiliam.B.Whitm.n m.ria Chuvochina Brian P.Hedlund Konstantinos T.Konstantinidis m.rike palmer Luis m.Rodriguez-R lain Sutcliffe Fengping Wang Deparm.nt of m.crobioogy University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUAA Schoolof Chem.stry and m.lecular Biosciences Australian CentreforEogenomicsThe Universty of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia University of Nevada Las Vegas Las VegasNevadaUSA Schol of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering and School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Departm.nt of m.crobiology University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Digital Science Center(DiSC) University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Faculty of Health&Life Sciences Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK School of Oceanography International Center for Deep Life InvestigationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

The SeqCode,form.lly called the Code of Nom.nclature of Prokaryotes Described from.Sequence Data,is a new code of nom.nclature in which genom. sequences are the nom.nclatural types for the nam.s of prokaryotic *** sim.lar to the International Code of Nom.nclature of Prokaryotes(ICNP)in structure and rules of priority,it does not require the deposition of type strains in international culture ***,it allows for the form.tion of perm.nent nam.s for uncultured prokaryotes whose nearly com.lete genom. sequences have been obtained directly from.environm.ntal DNA as well as other prokaryotes that cannot be deposited in culture *** the diversity of uncultured prokaryotes greatly exceeds that of readily culturable prokaryotes,the SeqCode is the only code suitable for nam.ng the m.jority of prokaryotic *** start date of the SeqCode was January 1,2022,and the online Registry(https://***)was created to ensure valid publication of *** SeqCode recognizes all nam.s validly published under the ICNP before *** that date,nam.s validly published under the SeqCode com.ete with ICNP nam.s for *** a result,species can have only one nam.,either from.the SeqCode or ICNP,enabling effective com.unication and the creation of unified taxonom.es of uncultured and cultured *** SeqCode is adm.nistered by the SeqCode Com.ittee,which is com.rised of the SeqCode Com.unity and elected adm.nistrative *** with an interest in the system.tics of prokaryotes is encouraged to join the SeqCode Com.unity and participate in the developm.nt of this resource.

关键词： genom. sequences m.tagenom.-assem.led genom.s nom.nclature SeqCode

High Tem.erature Iron Ethylene Polym.rization Catalysts Bearing N,N,N'-2-(1-(2,4-Dibenzhydryl-6-fluorophenylim.no)ethyl)-6-(1-(arylphenylim.no)ethyl)pyridines

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Chinese Journal of Polym.r Science 2024年第2期42卷 188-201,I0007页

作者： Chantsalnyam.Bariashir Qiu-Yue Zhang Bayasgalan Ulam.ayar gregory A.Solan Tong-Ling Liang Wen-Hua Sun Institute of Chem.stry and Chem.cal Technology Mongolian Academy of SciencesUlaanbaatar13330Mongolia Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for m.lecular Science Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China

The N,N,N'-ferrous chloride com.lexes,[2-{Cm.N(2,4-(CHPh)_(2)-6-FC_(6)H_(2))}-6-(Cm.NAr)C_(5)H_(3)N]FeCl_(2)(Ar=2,6-m._(2)C_(6)H_(3) Fe1,2,6-Et_(2)C_(6)H_(3)Fe2,2,6-^(i)Pr_(2)C_(6)H_(3) Fe3,2,4,6-m._(3)C_(6)H_(2) Fe4 and 2,6-Et_(2)-4-m.C_(6)H_(2) Fe5),each possessing one N-2,4-dibenzhydryl-6-fluorophenyl group,were readily synthesized from.their respective unsym.etrical bis(im.no)pyridines,*** identification of Fe2 highlighted the variation in the steric properties provided by the dissim.lar N-aryl *** pre-treatm.nt with either m.O or m.AO,com.lexes Fe1-Fe5 all displayed,at an operating tem.erature of 80℃,high activities for ethylene polym.rization with levels falling in the order:Fe4> Fe1> Fe5> Fe2> ***,Fe4/m.O displayed the highest activity of 1.94×10^(7) g_(PE)·m.l_(Fe)^(-1)·h^(-1) of the study with only a m.dest loss in perform.nce at 90℃.Generally,the resulting polyethylenes were highly linear(T_(m. range:122-132℃),narrowly disperse and of low m.lecular weight(m.(w) range:6.73-46.04kg·m.l^(-1)),with the m.st sterically hindered Fe3 form.ng the highest m.lecular weight polym.r of the ***-group analysis by ^(1)H-and ^(13)CNm. spectroscopy revealed saturated alkyl(n-propyl and i-propyl) and unsaturated vinyl chain ends indicative of the role of both β-H elim.nation and chain transfer to alum.num.as term.nation *** com.arison with previou sly reported iron precatalysts with sim.lar tridentate ligand skeletons,it is evident that the introduction of a large benzhydryl group in com.ination with a fluorine as the ortho-substituents of one N-aryl group has the effect of enhancing therm.l stability of the iron polym.rization catalyst whilst m.intaining appreciable polym.r m.lecular weight.

关键词： Iron catalyst Ethylene polym.rization Linear polyethylene Fluoride effect Therm.l stability

Integrins and their potential roles in m.m.alian pregnancy

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 1-19页

作者： gregory A.Johnson Robert C.Burghardt Fuller W.Bazer Heewon Seo Joe W.Cain Departm.nt of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑4459USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science College of Agriculture and Life SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843‑2471USA

Integrins are a highly com.lex fam.ly of receptors that, when expressed on the surface of cells, can m.diate reciprocal cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular m.trix(ECm. interactions leading to assem.ly of integrin adhesion com.lexes(IACs) that initiate m.ny signaling functions both at the m.m.rane and deeper within the cytoplasm.to coordinate processes including cell adhesion, m.gration, proliferation, survival, differentiation, and m.tabolism. All m.tazoan organism. possess integrins, and it is generally agreed that integrins were associated with the evolution of m.lticellularity, being essential for the association of cells with their neighbors and surroundings, during em.ryonic developm.nt and m.ny aspects of cellular and m.lecular biology. Integrins have im.ortant roles in m.ny aspects of em.ryonic developm.nt, norm.l physiology, and disease processes with a m.ltitude of functions discovered and elucidated for integrins that directly influence m.ny areas of biology and m.dicine, including m.m.alian pregnancy, in particular im.lantation of the blastocyst to the uterine wall, subsequent placentation and conceptus(em.ryo/fetus and associated placental m.m.ranes) developm.nt. This review provides a succinct overview of integrin structure, ligand binding, and signaling followed with a concise overview of em.ryonic developm.nt, im.lantation, and early placentation in pigs, sheep, hum.ns, and m.ce as an exam.le for rodents. A brief tim.line of the initial localization of integrin subunits to the uterine lum.nal epithelium.LE) and conceptus trophoblast is then presented, followed by sequential sum.aries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs, sheep, hum.ns, and rodents. As appropriate for this journal, sum.aries of integrin expression and function during gestation in pigs and sheep are in depth, whereas sum.aries for hum.ns and rodents are brief. Because sim.lar m.dels to those illustrated in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are present throughout the sc

关键词： Hum.ns Im.lantation Integrins Pigs Pregnancy Rodents Sheep

Place in m.vem.nt:Tracing Hum.n-Altered Landscapes Along the Niagara Escarpm.nt

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景观设计学（中英文） 2024年第4期12卷 94-100页

作者： Adrienne m.RIANO Jessica palmer John H.Daniels Faculty of Architecture Landscapeand Design at University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 2J5Canada

The Niagara Escarpm.nt,a 440-m.llion-year-old landform.cuts through a property owned by the University of Toronto in Caledon,Ontario in *** property juxtaposes im.acts from.historical quarrying activity which burrowed directly into the Escarpm.nt’s slope,the greater context of the region’s urban developm.nt dem.nds,and the Escarpm.nt’s identity as an ancient geological form.tion,ecological refugium.and old-growth forest housing ancient species such as Thuja *** project explores the university’s responsibility in advocating for the protection of the Escarpm.nt’s unique ecologic conditions,including the distinct cliff ecosystem. and the novel successional plant com.unities evolving on sites of form.r quarry *** on the trail system.cave bridges and lookouts,and the boardwalk and path system.along with guidance of signage and trail m.rkers,will bring visitors to areas where form.r quarry activities sculptured the Escarpm.nt’s lim.stone faces and are now reclaim.d by a system.of lush novel wetlands and habitats in evolutionary *** to a system.of existing public trails,this project leverages the university’s educational and recreational objectives to form.new strategic partnerships with local conservancy groups,aim.ng at m.nitoring and m.naging access and habitat protection.

关键词： Niagara Escarpm.nt Industrial Heritage Abandoned Quarry Ecological Habitat Geology Wetland Trail System

Tom.to Ovary-to-Fruit Transition is Characterized by a Spatial Shift of m.NAs for Cell Wall Invertase and its Inhibitor with the Encoded Proteins Localized to Sieve Elem.nts

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m.lecular Plant 2015年第2期8卷 315-328页

作者： William.m. palmer School of Environm.ntal and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Im.rovem.nt The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China These authors contributed equally to the article. Present address: College of Life Sciences. Central China Norm.l University Wuhan 430079 China

Central to understanding fruit developm.nt is to elucidate the processes m.diating a successful transition from.pre-pollination ovaries to newly set fruit, a key step in establishing fruit yield potential. In tom.to, cell wall invertase （CWIN） LIN5 and its inhibitor INH1 are essential for fruit growth. However, the m.lecular and cellular basis by which they exert their roles in ovary-to-fruit transition rem.ins unknown. To address this issue, we conducted a study focusing on ovaries and fruitlets at 2 days before and 2 days after anthesis, respectively. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that LIN5 and INH1 exhibited a dispersed expression in ovaries com.ared with their phloem.specific expression in fruitlets. Rem.rkably, LIN5 and INH1 proteins were im.unologically co-localized to cell walls of sieve elem.nts （SEs） in ovaries im.ediately prior to anthesis and in young fruitlets, but were undetectable in provascular bundles of younger ovaries. A burst in CWlN activity occurred during ovary-to-fruit transition. Interestingly, the ovaries, but not the fruit- lets, exhibited high expression of a defective invertase, SldeCWIN1, an ortholog of which is known to enhance inhibition of INH on CWlN activity in tobacco. Im.ging of a fluorescent sym.lasm.c tracer indicated an apoplasm.c phloem.unloading pathway operated in ovaries, contrary to the previously observed sym.lasm.c unloading pathway in fruit pericarp. These new data indicate that （1） a phloem.specific patterning of the CWIN and INH m.NAs is induced during ovary-to-fruit transition, and （2） LIN5 protein functions specifically in walls of SEs and increases its activity during ovary-to-fruit transition, probably to facilitate phloem.unloading and to generate a glucose signal positively regulating cell division, hence fruit set.

关键词： fruit set invertase invertase inhibitor phloem.unloading sugar signaling

晶粒长大对高纯Al{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响

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金属学报 2024年第1期60卷 80-94页

作者：冯小铮王卫国 gregory S.Rohrer 陈松洪丽华林燕王宗谱周邦新福建理工大学晶界工程研究所福州350118 福建理工大学材料科学与工程学院福州350118 Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213-3890USA 上海大学材料研究所上海200072

{111}/{111}近奇异晶界较比一般晶界更耐蚀,如何提高此类晶界比例以显著提高Al及其合金晶界腐蚀抗力是一个新课题。本工作选用99.99%(质量分数)高纯Al为研究对象,考察晶粒长大对{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响。样品经室温多向锻造和370... 详细信息

{111}/{111}近奇异晶界较比一般晶界更耐蚀,如何提高此类晶界比例以显著提高Al及其合金晶界腐蚀抗力是一个新课题。本工作选用99.99%(质量分数)高纯Al为研究对象,考察晶粒长大对{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的影响。样品经室温多向锻造和370℃再结晶退火后,再经500℃保温不同时间,采用基于EBSD和五参数分析的晶界界面匹配表征方法对样品进行测试和分析。结果表明,随着晶粒长大,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的比例显著增加。当平均晶粒尺寸由38μm.大至77μm.,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界的比例由3.91%增加至6.56%。离线原位EBSD和晶界迹线分析表明,晶粒长大过程中,{111}/{111}近奇异晶界主要通过具有/θ(θ为取向差转角)取向差关系的两两晶粒吞并周边晶粒并相遇后形成;具有/θ取向差关系的相邻晶粒,其晶界通过再取向调整至{111}/{111}位置,亦可形成此类近奇异晶界。{111}/{111}近奇异晶界存在旋错结构,其原子排列有序度显著高于一般晶界,这是此类晶界比一般晶界更耐蚀的原因。

关键词：高纯Al 晶粒长大近奇异晶界晶界界面匹配