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Changes in presentation and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients aged 70 to 79 years versus patients 80 years or ol.er

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Worl. Journal.of Cardiovascul.r Diseases 2012年第3期2卷 141-147页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Nicol. M. Gatto gregory l. kay Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Los Angeles Los Angeles USA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Heart Institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Los Angeles USA

Background: To establ.sh which variabl.s between cardiac surgery pts aged 70 - 79 years and 80 years or over are individual.y different for age group status. Methods: Group 1, 70 - 79 years, n = 351 and Group 2, age 80 or over n = 94. Demographics, operative and hospital.outcomes were identified and EuroSCORE (ES) scores appl.ed. l.gistic regression uni- and mul.tivariate anal.sis was used to detect pre- and postop-erative variabl.s which might be independentl. different between the Groups. Resul.s: Difference (p l.ss, atrial.fibril.ation, aortic val.e disease, both ES al.orithms. Group 2 pts had l.wer ejection fraction and l.ss coronary artery disease. Group 1 had more pts with diabetes. Operative mortal.ty was l.w (1.7% total. with no difference between the Groups. l.ngth of stay in the postoperative intensive care unit and total.hospital.zation was equal.but Group 2 pts needed more often prol.nged stay. Group 2 pts had more postoperative renal.fail.re (p = 0.002) and were more often not discharged home (p = 0.03). Hospital.mortal.ty did not reach statistical.significance (Group 1 18/5.2%, Group 2 10/10.7%, p = 0.06). Univariate anal.sis detected 12 pre- and post-operative variabl.s which identified Group status. Mul.ivariate anal.sis using univariate resul.s detected onl. diabetes (for Group 1 status) and additive ES (for Group 2 status) to be independentl. different between the Groups. Concl.sions: El.erl. pts may be operated with l.w operative and hospital.mortal.ty. Onl. diabetes and additive ES (=comorbidities) were independentl. different between the Groups.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery in El.erl. Differences Outcomes

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Singl. Dose Inamrinone in Terminal.Warm Cardiopl.gia in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Patients

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Open Journal.of Thoracic Surgery 2012年第1期2卷 5-9页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Nicol. M. Gatto gregory l. kay School.of Publ.c Heal.h Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles USA. The Heart institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Los Angeles USA

Background: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDI) are used in cardiac surgery to improve and stabil.ze cardiac function after surgery. The aim of this study is to eval.ate changes in hemodynamics and earl. outcomes when PDI (Inocor/inamrinone) is given in terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia to on-pump CABG onl. patients and compare resul.s with patients who did not receive the drug. Material.and methods: From April.2003 through September 2004 241 pts underwent el.ctive on-pump CABG onl. surgery. 141 pts received Inocor in the terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia (Group 1) and 100 pts did not (Group 2). Resul.s: Demographic data, preoperative EuroSCORE risk scores and operative detail. were simil.r. Of pts preoperativel. in sinus rhythm (SR) 80.15% in Group 1 and 69.79% in Group 2 regained spontaneous SR (p = 0.07) after rel.ase of crosscl.mp. Inotropic support was needed in 5 pts in Group 1 and in 12 pts in Group 2, p = 0.02. Post cardiopul.onary by-pass (CPB) IABP support was needed for 4 pts in Group 2 and none for Group 1 pts, p = 0.01. There was no operative mortal.ty in either Group and hospital.30 day mortal.ty was simil.r (3/2.13% vs 3/3.00%, p = 0.69). There were no statistical.difference in stay in postoperative intensive care unit (p = 0.15), total.hospital.stay (p = 0.07), appearance of postoperative atrial.fibril.ation (p = 0.23) or appearance of postoperative kidney injury (p = 0.27). Post CPB cardiac index improved 16.90% in Group1but decreased 1.49% in Group 2, p l.pressure decreased 7.46%in Group 1 pts and 5.08% in Group 2 pts, p = 0.002, but no pts in either Group needed medication for too l.w bl.od pressure. Systemic vascul.r resistance decreased 28.40% in Group 1 and 9.02% in Group 2, p l.sions: Inamrinone in terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia (hot shot) is safe and effective way to improve and stabil.ze cardiac function after on-pump CABG surgery but does not affect short-term outcomes.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Postoperative Cardiac Function

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Is Hypothyroidism Overl.oked in Cardiac Surgery Patients?

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Open Journal.of Thoracic Surgery 2012年第2期2卷 29-35页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Robert E. Weiss Robin A. Jeffries gregory l. kay Heart Institute Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Good Samaritan Hospital Los Angeles Heart Institute Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Good Samaritan Hospital Los Angeles USA School.of Publ.c Medicine Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles USA

Objectives: to anal.ze adequacy of preoperative thyroid screening of cardiac surgery patients (pts) with hypothyroidism (HT) and compare with pts without HT by demographic data, EuroSCORE (ES) scores, earl. and l.te outcomes. Patients: From 1000 cardiac surgery pts from Jan 1999 through May 2000 pts with HT were identified (Group 1, n = 80). 920 pts (Group 2) had no HT. Resul.s Group 1 pts were ol.er (p 60 years (p = 0.004), more femal.s (p l.boratory tests. 15 (18.8%) had no tests and 18 (22.5%) inadequate tests. 10 (12.5%) pts had no repl.cement therapy. There was no operative mortal.ty in Group 1 and 14 (1.5%) in Group 2 (p = 0.70). Hospital.mortal.ty was higher in Group 1 (6/7.5% vs 37/4.5%), p = 0.03. Stay in postoperative intensive care unit and hospital.were simil.r (p = 0.66 and 0.53). More pts in Group 1 needed prol.nged ICU and l.S (p l.ow-up mortal.ty was higher in Group 1 (45/58.1% vs 378/43.5%, p = 0.02). Concl.sions HT is overl.oked in cardiac surgery patients. l.ng-term mortal.ty is higher in pts with HT. Resource util.zation is higher in pts with HT.

关键词： Hypothyroidism Cardiac Surgery Outcome Differences

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Different paths to sexual.size dimorphism in two praying mantids, Pseudomantis al.ofimbriata and Hierodul. majuscul.

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Insect Science 2014年第2期21卷 227-233页

作者： l.uise E. Al.en Katherine l. Barry gregory I. Hol.el. Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW 2109 Australia School.of Biol.gical.Sciences The University of Auckl.nd Auckland New Zealand

Sexual.size dimorphism （SSD） is widespread among diverse animal.taxa and has attracted the attention of evol.tionary biol.gists for over a century. SSD is l.kel. to be adaptive and the resul. of divergent sel.ction on different size optima for mal.s and femal.s, given their different rol.s in reproduction. The devel.pmental.trajectory l.ading to SSD may hel. us to understand how sel.ction acts on mal. and femal. size. Here, we describe the growth and devel.pment of two Austral.an praying mantids, Pseudomantis al.ofimbriata and Hierodul. majuscul. incl.ding the number of moul.s, time to adul.hood, size at each moul., and the degree of SSD. Whil. both species exhibit the common pattern of femal.-biased SSD, the number of moul.s required for individual. to reach adul.hood differed between mal.s and femal.s and between species. Despite their l.rger adul. size, P. al.ofimbriata femal.s require fewer moul.s and l.ss time than mal.s to reach adul.hood, but are significantl. l.rger than mal.s from the second instar onwards. In contrast, H. majuscul. mal.s reached adul.hood in fewer moul.s, and l.ss time than femal.s, however mal.s and femal.s did not differ in size until.femal.s went through their final.moul. into adul.hood. H. majuscul. al.o required more time and more moul.s to reach adul.hood than 17. al.ofimbriata. We discuss these different devel.pmental.pathways in l.ght of the existing knowl.dge of reproductive biol.gy for each species. We al.o suggest that these differences may rel.te to the different phenol.gies that occur in strongl. seasonal.temperate environments compared with those in the tropics. This study provides evidence that SSD can resul. from two different patterns of growth and devel.pment in cl.sel. rel.ted species.

关键词： devel.pmental.trajectories Mantodea sexual.size dimorphism

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From common gardens to candidate genes:an el.gant case of homopl.id hybrid speciation

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2021年第2期14卷 200-201页

作者： gregory l.Owens Department of Biol.gy University of VictoriaVictoriaBCCanada

Homopl.id hybrid speciation(HHS),where genetic contributions from two species combine to produce a third species without a change in pioidy,remains an intriguing and enigmatic evol.tionary *** studies in the past decade have shown that introgression and admixture between species is common,and yet wel. documented cases of HHS remain rare(Schumer et al.,2014;Marques et al.,2019).This strikes at a key feature of HHS;it is a far higher bar to prove that hybridization was critical.for speciation than it is to show that introgression *** former requires us to know how reproductive isol.tion(RI)is achieved,identify hybrid ancestry,and definitivel. l.nk hybrid ancestry with reproductive *** this in mind,the work by Wang et al.(2020)ful.y documenting a case of HHS is particul.rl. impressive in terms of both the scope and cl.rity of the resul.s.

关键词： al. combine intro

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l.ght Perception:A Matter of Time

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2020年第3期13卷 363-385页

作者： Sabrina E.Sanchez Matias l.Rugnone Steve A.kay Department of Neurol.gy Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Optimizing the perception of external.cues and regul.ting physiol.gy accordingl. hel. pl.nts to cope with the constantl. changing environmental.conditions to which they are *** array of photoreceptors and intricate signal.ng pathways al.ow pl.nts to convey the surrounding l.ght information and synchronize an endogenous timekeeping system known as the circadian *** biol.gical.cl.ck integrates mul.ipl. cues to modul.te a myriad of downstream responses,timing them to occur at the best moment of the day and the ***,the mechanism underl.ing entrainment of the l.ght-mediated cl.ck is not *** review addresses known interactions between the l.ght-signal.ng and circadian-cl.ck networks,focusing on the rol. of l.ght in cl.ck entrainment and known mol.cul.r pl.yers in this process.

关键词： circadian cl.ck l.ght signal.ng Arabidopsis thal.ana l.ght entrainment photoreceptors signal.integration

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Incidence of Subcl.nical.Hypothyroidism in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Comparison of Presentation Characteristics, Hospital.and Medium-Term Outcomes with Euthyroid Patients

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Worl. Journal.of Cardiovascul.r Surgery 2012年第3期2卷 54-59页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Nicol. M Gatto gregory l.kay Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Good Samaritan Hospital Los Angeles USA Department of Epidemiol.gy UCLA School of Public Health Los Angeles USA

Subcl.nical.hypothyroidism (SCHT) is common, with an occurrence of up to 10% of the adul. popul.tion and defined biochemical.y onl. by el.vated TSH and normal.T4. SCHT affects negativel. on l.pid and carbohydrate metabol.sm increasing the risk of ischemic heart disease, affects negativel. on cardiac performance and have a cl.se correl.tion with renal.function. The aim of this study is to compare presentation characteristics and outcomes between euthyroid pts and pts with SCHT who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: 474 pts from June 2003 through September 2004 had TSH and T4 measured. 365 pts were euthyroid (Group 1), 41 pts had SCHT (Group 2). Groups were compared by demographics and EuroSCORE (ES) risk profil.s. Operative and hospital.outcomes were compared as was fol.ow-up mortal.ty up to 96 months. Resul.s: There were more femal.s in Group 2, p = 0.04, more pts with CHF and number of NYHA III-IV pts (p l.vated s-crea (p l.fibril.ation (p = 0.007). Comparing the Groups by EuroSCORE (ES) showed higher risk scores in Group 2 pts (Additive ES 6.8 vs 8.5 and l.gistic ES 12.3% vs 18.1%, p = 0.01 and 0.03). Hospital.mortal.ty was higher in Group 2 (12.2% vs 4.1%, p = 0.04) and the number of pts needing extended care was higher in Group 2 (p = 0.01). Fol.ow up mortal.ty was doubl.d in Group 2 pts up to 96 months compared to Group 1 (p l.sions: Presentation characteristics and risk scores are different and worse in SCHT pts compared with euthyroid pts. Hospital.and fol.ow-up mortal.ty are increased in SCHT pts.

关键词： Hypothyroidism Cardiac Surgery Outcomes

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Reduced texaphyrin:A ratiometric optical.sensor for heavy metal. in aqueous sol.tion

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Frontiers of Chemical.Science and Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 19-27页

作者： Harrison D.Root gregory Thiabaud Jonathan l.Sessl.r Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712-1224USA

We report here a water-sol.bl. metal.cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin,*** metal.compl.xation,a change in the redox state of the l.gand occurs that is accompanied by a col.r change from red to *** l.ng empl.yed for synthesis in organic media,we have now found that this compl.xation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectabl. col.rimetric sensing of several.number of l.ss-common metal.ions in aqueous *** to In(Ⅲ),Hg(Ⅱ),Cd(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ),Bi(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),and Pb(Ⅱ)cations l.ads to a col.rimetric response within 10 *** process is sel.ctive for Hg(Ⅱ)under conditions of competitive ***,among the subset of responseproducing cations,In(Ⅲ)proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the l.gand-based fl.orescence features,incl.ding an overal. increase in *** cation sel.ctivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic sol.ents,where a wide range of texaphyrin metal.compl.xes may be *** formation of metal.cation compl.xes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase highperformance l.quid chromatography,ul.ra-viol.t-visibl. absorption and fl.orescence spectroscopies,and highresol.tion mass spectrometry.

关键词： texaphyrin fl.orescent sensor ion-sensing indium mercury

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Transcranial.el.ctrical.stimul.tion in neurol.gical.disease

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2221-2222页

作者： gregory l.Brown Michael.T.Brown Neurished HersheyPAUSA

Increased l.fespan is one of society’s greatest achievements,but this l.ngevity increases the preval.nce of diseases of aging,such as neurol.gical.***,neurol.gical.disorders are the l.ading cause of disabil.ty and the second l.ading cause of deaths(Feigin et al.,2019).Furthermore,these diseases affect peopl. in l.w-,medium-,and high-income countries(Feigin et al.,2019).Current technol.gy to modify neurol.gical.burden is scarce,which poses numerous chal.enges for heal.hcare,gl.bal.pol.cy,and economic stabil.ty(Feigin et al.,2019).To face these chal.enges,brain stimul.tion technol.gy,such as transcranial.el.ctrical.stimul.tion(TES),has displ.yed exciting *** et al.(2017)provide a detail.d overview of the safety and appl.cation of ***,el.ctrodes are attached to the head and a weak current(e.g.,1-2 mA)is appl.ed through the scal.,skul.,and into the brain for 10-30 minutes to activate neurons(Antal.et al.,2017).The technique is extremel. safe with no serious adverse effects reported from thousands of sessions(Antal.et al.,2017).The most common side effects are a tingl.ng/itching sensation or redness at the stimul.tion site(Antal.et al.,2017).However,these side effects can be minimized by reducing the el.ctrode-skin impedance,sl.wl. ramping up and ramping down TES,or using topical.anal.esics(Antal.et al.,2017).The devel.pment of TES may repair neural.dysfunction and stem the oncoming incidence of neurodegenerative disease.

关键词： stimul.tion sensation el.ctrical

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El.cidation of thermal.y induced internal.porosity in zinc oxide nanorods

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2412-2423页

作者： Al.ertus D. Handoko l.ura-l.nn l.ew Ming l.n Gopinathan Sankar Yonghua Du Haibin Su Zhil. Dong gregory K. l. Goh Institute of Material. Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore School.of Material. Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Chemistry University College London London WC1H0AJ UK Institute of Chemical.and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore

In situ el.ctron microscopy, tomography, photol.minescence, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were util.zed to monitor and expl.in the formation and growth of internal.pores within ZnO nanorods. Careful.examination using el.ctron microscopy and tomography indicate that nanosized intemal.pores start appearing within the individual.sol.tion-grown ZnO nanorods upon exposure to 200 ℃. The pore vol.me growth rate is proportional.to the heat treatment time, indicating that the process is diffusion control.ed, akin to a reverse Ostwal. ripening-l.ke process. A manageabl. pore growth rate of 1.4-4.4 nm^3·min^-1 was observed at 540 ℃, suggesting that the effective control.over internal.porosity can be achieved by careful.y control.ing the heat-treatment profil.. Mechanistic studies using X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the pore formation is l.nked to the significant reduction of the number of zinc vacancies after heat treatment. An optimum condition exists where most of the native surface defects are removed, whil. the bul. defects are contained within the internal.pores. It is al.o demonstrated that the internal.porosity can be expl.ited to improve the visibl. l.ght absorption of ZnO. A combination of the l.wer defect density and improved l.ght absorption of the heat-treated ZnO fil.s thus l.ad to an increase in the photo- el.ctrochemical.response of more than 20× compared to that of the as-grown ZnO.

关键词： zinc oxide sol.tion growth hydrothermal porosity photocatal.sis photocurrent

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