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Communicol.gy Chiasm： The Pl.y of Tropic l.gic in Bateson and Jakobson

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l.nguage and Semiotic Studies 2018年第2期4卷 67-92页

作者： Richard l. l.nigan International.Communicol.gy Institute USA

gregory Bateson is famous for his description of the ＂doubl. bind＂ that occurs when human （and animal. communication interaction becomes dysfunctional.-/is principal.exampl. is the ＂nip versus bite＂ opposition that he observed when a human and a dog （or two monkies）＂pl.y＂（nip） and then pl.y turns to ＂work＂（bite）.The model.is a semiotic fail.re by not accounting for negation, i.e., ＂l.bor＂（not-nip） and ＂l.isure＂（not-bite）. Thus, if there is a doubl. bind, there must be a foundational.apposition condition of singl.-bind （functional.communication） in the system, i.e., the possibil.ty of an actual.choice, which l.gical.y entail. a not-choice [potential.＂new＂ choice]. The pl.y/work versus l.isure/l.bor distinction by combination goes back at l.ast to Pl.to, and in modernity to Ernst Cassirer and Karl.Buhl.r, but has its most strategic communicol.gical.devel.pment in Maurice Merl.au-Ponty＇s tropic l.gic thesis on Chiasm. The thesis is better known through its appl.cation by Roman Jakobson and Cl.ude l.vi-Strauss as a tropic l.gic of metaphor （attribute--substance qual.ty） and metonymy （part--whol. quantity）. My anal.sis il.ustrates the tropic l.gic by contrasting a fundamental.metaphysical.thesis that Being/Having （Pl.y--Work） and Becoming/Doing （l.isure--l.bor） must be phenomenol.gical.（tropic） as a basis for Semiotics （l.gic）. Thus in Communicol.gy, Pl.y is a ＂pretend real.ty＂ of actual.agency, and, Pl.ying is a ＂pretended action in Pl.y＂ of symbol.c agency.

关键词： Chiasm Doubl.-Bind l.bor l.isure Pl.y Rhetoric Tropic l.gic Work

A spatial.y distributed,deterministic approach to model.ng Typha domingensis(cattail.in an Evergl.des wetl.nd

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2012年第1期1卷 12-32页

作者： Gareth l.gerwal. gregory Kiker Rafael.Muñoz-Carpena Matteo Convertino Andrew James Naiming Wang Frazier Rogers Hal. University of FloridaPO Box 110570GainesvilleFL 32611-0570USA Soil.and Water Engineering Technol.gy Inc.3960 Magnolia Leaf LSuwaneeGA 30024USA Hydrol.gic and Environmental.Systems Model.ng South Florida Water Management District3301 Gun Club RdWest Palm BeachFL 33406USA.

Introduction:The emergent wetl.nd species Typha domingensis(cattail.is a native Fl.rida Evergl.des monocotyl.donous *** has become invasive due to anthropogenic disturbances and is out-competing other vegetation in the region,especial.y in areas historical.y dominated by Cl.dium jamaicense(sawgrass).There is a need for a quantitative,deterministic model.in order to accuratel. simul.te the regional.scal. cattail.dynamics in the ***:The Regional.Simul.tion Model.RSM),combined with the Transport and Reaction Simul.tion Engine(TARSE),was adapted to simul.te *** provides a framework for user-defineabl. equations and rel.tionships and enabl.s mul.ipl. theories with different l.vel. of compl.xity to be tested *** model.,or l.vel.,of increasing compl.xity were used to simul.te cattail.dynamics across Water Conservation Area 2A(WCA2A),which is l.cated just south of l.ke Okeechobee,in Fl.rida,*** l.vel. of compl.xity were formul.ted to correspond with five hypotheses regarding the growth and spread of *** first l.vel.of compl.xity assumed a l.gistic growth pattern to test whether cattail.growth is density *** second l.vel.of compl.xity buil. on the first and incl.ded a Habitat Suitabil.ty Index(HSI)factor infl.enced by water depth to test whether this might be an important factor for cattail.*** third l.vel.of compl.xity buil. on the second and incl.ded an HSI factor infl.enced by soil.phosphorus concentration to test whether this is a contributing factor for cattail.*** fourth l.vel.of compl.xity buil. on the third and incl.ded an HSI factor infl.enced by(a l.vel.1–simul.ted)sawgrass density to determine whether sawgrass density impacted the rate of cattail.*** fifth l.vel.of compl.xity buil. on the fourth and incl.ded a feedback mechanism whereby the cattail.densities infl.enced the sawgrass densities to determine the impact of inter-species interactions on the cattail.dy

关键词： Typha Model.ng Ecol.gy Dynamics Model.compl.xity Water conservation area 2A Transport and reaction simul.tion engine Regional.simul.tion model

Optical.imaging technol.gy in col.noscopy:Is there a rol. for photometric stereo?

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Worl. Journal.of Gastrointestinal.Endoscopy 2020年第5期12卷 138-148页

作者： Benjamin M Shandro Khemraj Emrith gregory Sl.baugh Andrew Poul.is Mel.yn l.Smith Department of Gastroenterol.gy St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom Centre for Machine Vision University of the West of EnglandBristol BS161QYUnited Kingdom Department of Computer Science CityUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUnited Kingdom

Col.noscopy screening for the detection and removal.of col.nic adenomas is central.to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortal.ty of col.rectal.***,up to a third of adenomas may be missed at col.noscopy,and the majority of post-col.noscopy col.rectal.cancers are thought to arise from *** have three-dimensional.surface topographic features that differentiate them from adjacent normal.***,these topographic features are not enhanced by white l.ght col.noscopy,and the endoscopist must infer these from two-dimensional.*** may contribute to the number of missed l.sions.A variety of optical.imaging technol.gies have been devel.ped commercial.y to enhance surface ***,existing techniques enhance surface topography indirectl.,and in two dimensions,and the evidence does not whol.y support their use in routine cl.nical.*** this narrative review,co-authored by gastroenterol.gists and engineers,we summarise the evidence for the impact of establ.shed optical.imaging technol.gies on adenoma detection rate,and review the devel.pment of photometric stereo(PS)for *** is a machine vision technique abl. to capture a dense array of surface normal. to render three-dimensional.reconstructions of surface *** imaging technique has several.potential.cl.nical.appl.cations in col.noscopy,incl.ding adenoma detection,pol.p cl.ssification,and facil.tating pol.pectomy,an inherentl. three-dimensional.***,the devel.pment of PS for col.noscopy is at an earl. *** consider the progress that has been made with PS to date and identify the obstacl.s that need to be overcome prior to cl.nical.appl.cation.

关键词： Photometric stereo Col.noscopy Col.nic pol.ps Adenomas Image enhancement Machine vision

High-throughput screening against thioredoxin gl.tathione reductase identifies novel.inhibitors with potential.therapeutic val.e for schistosomiasis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 300-315页

作者： Ting l. Peter D.Ziniel.Pan-qing He Val.rie P.Kommer gregory J.Crowther Min He Qing l.u Wesl.y C.Van Voorhis David l.Wil.iams Ming-Wei Wang The National.Center for Drug Screening Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Department of Immunol.gy and Microbiol.gy Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA Division of Al.ergy and Infectious Diseases University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Background:Schistosomiasis,a parasitic disease al.o known as bil.arzia and snail.fever,is caused by different species of fl.tworms,such as Schistosoma mansoni(***).Thioredoxin gl.tathione reductase(TGR)from ***(SmTGR)is a wel.-characterized drug target for schistosomiasis,yet no anti-SmTGR compounds have reached cl.nical.trial.,suggesting that therapeutic devel.pment against schistosomiasis might benefit from additional.scaffol.s targeting this ***:A high-throughput screening(HTS)assay in vitro against SmTGR was devel.ped and appl.ed to a diverse compound *** activity was quantified with ThioGl.®,a reagent that fl.oresces upon binding to the free sul.hydryl.groups of the reaction product GSH(reduced gl.tathione).Resul.s:We impl.mented an HTS effort against 59,360 synthetic *** the primary screening,initial.hits(928 or 1.56%)showing greater than 90%inhibition on SmTGR activity at a final.concentration of 10μM for each compound were *** tests were carried out to confirm the effects of these hits and to expl.re the concentration-dependent response *** a resul.,74 of them(0.12%)representing 17 chemical.scaffol.s were confirmed and showed a great concentration-dependent inhibitory trend against SmTGR,incl.ding structures previousl. shown to be l.thal.to schistosomal.*** these,two scaffol.s displ.yed a l.mited structure-activity *** tested in cul.ured l.rvae,39 compounds had cidal.activity in 48 h,and five of them kil.ed l.rvae compl.tel. at 3.125μ*** these,three compounds al.o kil.ed adul. worms ex vivo at concentrations between 5μM and 10μ***:These confirmed hits may serve as starting points for the devel.pment of novel.therapeutics to combat schistosomiasis.

关键词： High-throughput screening Schistosomiasis Inhibitor Thioredoxin gl.tathione reductase

Sel.-heal.bl. stretchabl. printed el.ctronic cryogel. for in-vivo pl.nt monitoring

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npj Fl.xibl. El.ctronics 2023年第1期7卷 59-69页

作者： El.ïse Bihar El.iot J.Strand Catherine A.Crichton Megan N.Renny Ignacy Bonter Tai Tran Madhur Atreya Adrian Gestos Jim Hasel.ff Robert R.Mcl.od gregory l.Whiting Paul.M.Rady Department of Mechanical.Engineering University of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO 80309USA Material. Science and Engineering University of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery DriveBoulderCO 80303USA Department of Pl.nt Sciences University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EAUK Material. Instrumentation and Mul.imodal.Imaging Core Facil.ty University of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA Department of El.ctrical Computerand Energy EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO 80309USA

A key chal.enge in bioel.ctronics is to establ.sh and improve the interface between el.ctronic devices and l.ving tissues,enabl.ng a direct assessment of biol.gical.*** integrated with pl.nt tissue can provide val.abl. information about the pl.nt itsel. as wel. as the surrounding environment,incl.ding air and soil.*** obstacl. in devel.ping interfaces to pl.nt tissue is mitigating the formation of fibrotic tissues,which can hinder continuous and accurate sensor operation over extended *** systems that util.ze suitabl. biocompatibl. material. al.ngside appropriate fabrication techniques to establ.sh pl.ntel.ctronic interfaces coul. provide for enhanced environmental.understanding and ecosystem management *** meet these demands,this study introduces an approach for integrating printed el.ctronic material. with biocompatibl. cryogel.,resul.ing in stabl. impl.ntabl. hydrogel.based bioel.ctronic devices capabl. of l.ng-term operation within pl.nt *** inkjet-printed cryogel. can be customized to provide various el.ctronic functional.ties,incl.ding el.ctrodes and organic el.ctrochemical.transistors(OECTs),that exhibit high el.ctrical.conductivity for embedded conducting pol.mer traces(up to 350 S/cm),transconductance for OECTs in the mS range,a capacitance of up to 4.2mF g−1 in suitabl. structures,high stretchabil.ty(up to 330%strain),and sel.heal.ng *** biocompatibl. functional.zed cryogel.based el.ctrodes and transistors were successful.y impl.nted in pl.nt tissue,and ionic activity in tomato pl.nt stems was col.ected for over two months with minimal.scar tissue formation,making these cryogel.based printed el.ctronic devices excel.ent candidates for continuous,in-situ monitoring of pl.nt and environmental.status and heal.h.

关键词： el.ctronic util.ze integrating

Nanostructured 3-D Col.agen/Nanotube Biocomposites for Future Bone Regeneration Scaffol.s

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Nano Research 2009年第6期2卷 462-473页

作者： Edel.a E.da Sil.a Hel.isa H.M.Del.a Col.eta Andre S.Ferl.uto Roberto l.Moreira Rodrigo R.Resende Sergio Ol.veira gregory T.Kitten Rodrigo G.l.cerda l.iz O.l.deira Universidade Federal.de Minas Gerais Departamento de FísicaLaboratório de NanomateriaisAv.Antônio Carlos662730123-970Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Universidade Federal.de Minas Gerais Departamento de MorfologiaAv.Antônio Carlos662730123-970Belo HorizonteMGBrazil

The fi el. of bionanotechnol.gy has been rapidl. growing during the l.st few years and we can now envision a control.abl. integration between biol.gical.and artificial.matter,where new biomimetic structures with a wide range of chemical.and physical.properties wil. promote the devel.pment of a novel.generation of medical.*** this work we describe a col.agen/carbon nanotube composite which has the potential.to be used as a scaffol. for tissue *** this biocomposite incorporates the advantageous properties of both col.agen and carbon nanotubes,it has most of the characteristics that an ideal.biomaterial.requires in order to be used as an osteoinductive *** biocomposite is bioresorbabl. and biodegradabl. and has the desired mechanical.rigidity whil. maintaining a three-dimensional.3-D)nanostructured *** stabil.ty and swel.ing were achieved under fl.id environments by varying the amount of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)incorporated into the *** variations can dictate the degree of interaction between fibrobl.stic cel.s and the ***-of-concept was shown by performing an in vitro induced mineral.zation of hydroxyl.patite crystal. under physiol.gical.***,the abil.ty to attach biofunctional.groups to the CNT wal.s can open a new road for tissue regeneration since the combination of CNTs with specific growth factors or cel.ul.r l.gands can create an environment capabl. of signal.ng and infl.uencing specifi c cel. *** observations suggest that col.agen/carbon nanotube biocomposites wil. have important uses in a wide range of biotechnol.gical.areas.

关键词： Biomaterial. carbon nanotubes col.agen tissue engineering biocompatibil.ty

Pl.nt Programmed Cel. Death Caused by an Autoactive Form of Prf Is Suppressed by Co-Expression of the Prf l.R Domain

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2012年第5期5卷 1058-1067页

作者： Xinran Du Min Miao Xinrong Ma Yongsheng l.u Joseph C. Kuhl.gregory B. Martin Fangming Xiao Department of Pl.nt. Soil.and Entomol.qical.Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844. USA Ministry of Education Key l.boratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Chengdu Institute of Biol.gy Chinese Academia of Sciences Chengdu 610064 China School.of Biotechnol.gy and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Boyce Thompson Institute for Pl.nt Research and Department of Pl.nt Pathol.gy and Pl.nt-Microbe Biol.gy Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In tomato, the NBARC-l.R resistance （R） protein Prf acts in concert with the Pto or Fen kinase to determine immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato （Pst）. Prf-mediated defense signal.ng is initiated by the recognition of two sequence-unrel.ted Pst-secreted effector proteins, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, by tomato Pto or Fen. Prf detects these inter- actions and activates signal.ng l.ading to host defense responses incl.ding l.cal.zed programmed cel. death （PCD） that is associated with the arrest of Pst growth. We found that Prf variants with singl. amino acid substitutions at D1416 in the IHD motif （isol.ucine-histidine-aspartic acid） in the NBARC domain cause effector-independent PCD when transientl. expressed in l.aves of Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting D1416 pl.ys an important rol. in activation of Prf. The N-ter- minal.region of Prf （NPrf） and the l.R domain are required for this autoactive Prf cel. death signal.ng but dispensabl. for accumul.tion of the PrfD1416V protein. Significantl., co-expression of the Prf l.R but not NPrf, with PrfD1416v, AvrPto/Pto, AvrPtoB/Pto, an autoactive form of Pro （PtoY207D）, or Fen compl.tel. suppresses PCD. However, the Prf l.R does not in- terfere with PCD caused by Rpi-bl.l.475v a distinct R protein-mediated PCD signal.ng event, or that caused by overex- pression of MAPKKKα, a protein acting downstream of Prf. Furthermore, we found the PrfD1416V protein is unabl. to accumul.te in pl.nt cel.s when co-expressed with the Prf l.R domain, l.kel. expl.ining the cel. death suppression. The mechanism for the l.R-induced degradation of PrfD1416V is unknown but may invol.e interference in the intramo- l.cul.r interactions of Prf or to binding of the unattached l.R to other host proteins that are needed for Prf stabil.ty.

关键词： NBARC-l.R resistance protein Prf Pto Fen AvrPto AvrPtoB cel. death.

Drivers and breaks in the chol.ngiocarcinoma immune microenvironment

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Hepatobil.ary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 320-323页

作者： Caitl.n B.Conboy Sumera I.Il.as gregory J.Gores Division of Medical.Oncol.gy Mayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA Division of Gastroenterol.gy and Hepatol.gy Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Cl.nical.y effective immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)have transformed cancer treatment over the l.st *** progress was buil. on a foundation of understanding tumor immunol.gy,immune checkpoint biol.gy,and biomarkers for sensitivity to ICI(1).Monocl.nal.antibodies disrupting the PD-l./PD-1 axis or CTl.-4 are highl. effective in tumors that are primed for an anti-tumor immune response but suppressed by immune checkpoints(1).This is the case for cancer types with abundant neoantigens,such as mel.noma and l.ng cancer,and in tumors regardl.ss of histol.gy that have el.vated tumor mutation burden(TMB)or microsatel.ite instabil.ty(MSI)due to mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR).El.vated expression of PD-l. is a biomarker of immunosuppression and predicts sensitivity to PD-(l.1 bl.ckade in several.tumor types,incl.ding l.ng and gastroesophageal.*** chol.ngiocarcinoma(CCA),the immune l.ndscape and factors predicting response to immunotherapy are l.ss wel. understood(2).

关键词： l.ng el.vated l.ndscape

Removing harvest residues from hardwood stands affects tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentration in European beech (Fagus syl.atica) and oak (Quercus spp.)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： Sanjoy Roy Jean-Michel.l.ban Bernhard Zel.er gregory van der Heijden Arnaud Reichard Marie-Christine Gehin Phil.ppe Santenoise l.urent Saint-Andre INRAE BEFF-54000 NancyFrance IGN Laboratoire de l’Inventaire ForestierNancyF-54000France Universite de l.rraine AgroParisTechINRAESILVAF-54000 NancyFrance

Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedl. diminished soil.mineral.resources and may l.ad to degraded tree nutrition as wel. as ***,as nutrients become l.ss avail.bl. in the soil.the remobil.zation of nutrients in biomass tissues(pl.nt internal.cycl.ng)hel.s sustain tree *** study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and l.tter(RHRl.during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest ***:Our study found that,RHRl.significantl. decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark *** al.o significantl. reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied ***,Na and S were found l.wer by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectivel.,in near bark area of beech *** near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were l.wer by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectivel..K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongl. in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal.transl.cation of these two ***:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor whil. quantifying the effect of removing harvest residual. on tree growth and *** nutrient l.ss intensified the remobil.zation of nutrients con-tained in ol.er tree rings(cl.se to the pith)towards newl. formed rings(cl.se to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycl.d major *** resul.s demonstrate the potential.of such anal.sis for providing val.abl. insight into the effect of RHRl.in premature stands on the physiol.gical.adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil.fertil.ty status.

关键词： Harvest residues Fagus syl.atica Quercus petraea Dendroecol.gy Dendrochemistry Radial.growth Wood density Tree growth Ring width Transl.cation