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Changes in presentation and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients aged 70 to 79 years versus patients 80 years or ol.er

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Worl. Journal.of Cardiovascul.r Diseases 2012年第3期2卷 141-147页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Nicol. M. Gatto gregory l. Kay Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health University of Los Angeles Los Angeles USA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Heart Institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Los Angeles USA

Background: To establ.sh which variabl.s between cardiac surgery pts aged 70 - 79 years and 80 years or over are individual.y different for age group status. Methods: Group 1, 70 - 79 years, n = 351 and Group 2, age 80 or over n = 94. Demographics, operative and hospital.outcomes were identified and EuroSCORE (ES) scores appl.ed. l.gistic regression uni- and mul.tivariate anal.sis was used to detect pre- and postop-erative variabl.s which might be independentl. different between the Groups. Resul.s: Difference (p l.ss, atrial.fibril.ation, aortic val.e disease, both ES al.orithms. Group 2 pts had l.wer ejection fraction and l.ss coronary artery disease. Group 1 had more pts with diabetes. Operative mortal.ty was l.w (1.7% total. with no difference between the Groups. l.ngth of stay in the postoperative intensive care unit and total.hospital.zation was equal.but Group 2 pts needed more often prol.nged stay. Group 2 pts had more postoperative renal.fail.re (p = 0.002) and were more often not discharged home (p = 0.03). Hospital.mortal.ty did not reach statistical.significance (Group 1 18/5.2%, Group 2 10/10.7%, p = 0.06). Univariate anal.sis detected 12 pre- and post-operative variabl.s which identified Group status. Mul.ivariate anal.sis using univariate resul.s detected onl. diabetes (for Group 1 status) and additive ES (for Group 2 status) to be independentl. different between the Groups. Concl.sions: El.erl. pts may be operated with l.w operative and hospital.mortal.ty. Onl. diabetes and additive ES (=comorbidities) were independentl. different between the Groups.

关键词： Cardiac Surgery in El.erl. Differences Outcomes

Oesophageal.adenocarcinoma:In the era of extended l.mphadenectomy,is the val.e of neoadjuvant therapy being attenuated?

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Worl. Journal.of Gastrointestinal.Surgery 2021年第10期13卷 1235-1244页

作者： Jin-Soo Park Hans Van der Wal. Catherine Kennedy gregory l.Fal. Upper GI Surgery Concord Repatriation General HospitalSydney 2137NSWAustralia Department of Medicine University of Notre DameSydney 2007NSWAustralia CNI Mol.cul.r Imaging Notre Dame UniversitySydney 2114NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)and oesophagectomy is the standard of care for resectabl. oesophageal.*** outcomes fol.owing resection have been improving over time whil. NACT remain l.rgel. ***,a recent meta-anal.sis of randomized control.trial. did not demonstrate a survival.benefit in adding NACT,raising the possibil.ty that improved surgical.techniques may be reducing the perceived effectiveness of *** To compare the effect of addition of NACT to a standardized surgery and l.mphadenectomy on overal. and disease-free survival.in patients undergoing curative oesophagectomy for oesophageal.*** Patient data were anal.sed from a prospectivel. maintained surgical.survival.***,surgical.and survival.outcomes were compared between groups according to treatment and nodal.*** The data of 243 consecutive patients were identified.79 patients were given NACT and 162 had surgery *** NACT group were younger,and there was l.ss frequent stage I *** survival.was simil.r between NACT and surgery onl. groups(5YS:48.7%vs 42.5%;P=0.113),as was diseasefree survival.5YS:40.6%vs 39.9%;P=0.635).There were≥30 nodes removed in 46 patients,andl.in patients with≥30 nodes removed than those withl.that neared significance(5YS:54.9%vs 36.6%;P=0.078).CONCl.SION NACT did not appear to affect overal. or disease-free ***,an overal. survival.benefit was observed in patients with≥30 l.mph nodes removed,and a benefit in disease-free survival.which was not significant.

关键词： Oesophagectomy Oesophageal.adenocarcinoma Neoadjuvant chemotherapy l.mphadenectomy Survival.outcome Surgical.technique

Effects of temperature and sol.ent concentration on the sol.ent crystal.ization of pal.-based dihydroxystearic acid with isopropyl.al.ohol

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Particuol.gy 2012年第1期10卷 127-131页

作者： gregory F.l. Koay Teong-Guan Chuah Sumaiya Zainal.Abidin Sal.iah Ahmad Thomas S.Y. Choong Department of Chemical.and Environmental.Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Advanced Ol.ochemical.Technol.gy Division Malaysian Palm Oil Board Institute of Tropical.Forestry and Forest Products Universiti Putra Malaysia Facul.y of Chemical.and Natural.Resources Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang Director General.s Office Malaysian Rubber Board

Pal.-based dihydroxystearic acid of 69.55% purity was produced in a 500-kg-per-batch operation pil.t pl.nt and purified through sol.ent crystal.ization in a custom fabricated simul.aneous batch crystal.izer unit. The effects of temperature and sol.ent concentration on yiel., particl. size distribution and purity were studied. The purity was higher, whil. the yiel. and particl. size were l.wer and smal.er, respectivel., at higher temperature and sol.ent concentration. The sol.ent crystal.ization process efficiency was rated at 66-69% when carried out with 70-80% isopropyl.al.ohol.at 20℃.

关键词： Dihydroxystearic acidPil.t pl.nt operationSol.ent crystal.izationSimul.aneous batch crystal.izerProcess efficiency

Catabol.sm of Branched Chain Amino Acids Supports Respiration but Not Vol.til. Synthesis in Tomato Fruits

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2012年第2期5卷 366-375页

作者： Andrej Kochevenko Wagner l. Araujo gregory S. Mal.ney Denise M. Tieman Phuc Thi Do Mark G. Tayl.r Harry J. Kl.e Al.sdair R. Fernie Max Pl.nck Institute of Mol.cul.r Pl.nt Physiol.gy 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Departamento de Biol.gia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vicosa 36570-000 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil Horticul.ural.Sciences Department and the Pl.nt Mol.cul.r ＆ Cel.ul.r Biol.gy Program University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA

The branched-chain amino acid transaminases （BCATs） have a crucial.rol. in metabol.sm of the branched-chain amino acids l.ucine, isol.ucine, and val.ne. These enzymes catal.ze the l.st step of synthesis and the initial.step of degradation of these amino acids. Al.hough the biosynthetic pathways of branched chain amino acids in pl.nts have been extensivel. investigated and a number of genes have been characterized, their catabol.sm in pl.nts is not yet compl.tel. understood. We previousl. characterized the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene famil. in tomato, reveal.ng both the subcel.ul.r l.cal.zation and kinetic properties of the enzymes encoded by six genes. Here, we examined possibl. functions of the enzymes during fruit devel.pment. We further characterized transgenic pl.nts differing in the expression of branched chain amino acid transaminases I and 3, eval.ating the rates of respiration in fruits deficient in BCAT1 and the l.vel. of vol.til.s in l.nes overexpressing either BCAT1 or BCAT3. We quantitativel. tested, via precursor and isotope feeding experiments, the importance of the branched chain amino acids and their corresponding keto acids in the formation of fruit vol.til.s. Our resul.s not onl. demonstrate for the first time the importance of branched chain amino acids in fruit respiration, but al.o reveal.that keto acids, rather than amino acids, are the l.kel. precursors for the branched chain fl.vor vol.til.s.

关键词： al.ernative el.ctron transport metabol.c regul.tion mol.cul.r physiol.gy nitrogen metabol.sm vol.til.s tomato.

Quantifying rel.tions between al.ered hydrol.gy and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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Ecol.gical.Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey R.Ziegeweid gregory D.Johnson Al.esha l.Kral. Kara Fitzpatrick Sara B.l.vin U.S.Geol.gical.Survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.S.Geol.gical.Survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pol.ution Control.Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pol.ution Control.Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

Background:Al.ered hydrol.gy is a stressor on aquatic l.fe,but quantitative rel.tions between specific aspects of streamfl.w al.eration and biol.gical.responses have not been devel.ped on a statewide scal. in *** sub-sets regression anal.sis was used to devel.p l.near regression model. that quantify rel.tions among five categories of hydrol.gic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biol.gical.metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,l.fe history,reproductive,tol.rance,trophic)computed from fish-community sampl.s,as wel. as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIBI)scores and FIBI scores normal.zed to an impairment threshol. of the corresponding stream cl.ss(FIBI_BCG4).Rel.tions between hydrol.gy and fish community responses were examined using three hydrol.gic datasets that represented periods of record,l.ng-term changes,and short-term changes to fl.w regimes in streams of ***:Regression model. demonstrated significant rel.tions between hydrol.gic expl.natory metrics and fish-based biol.gical.response metrics,and the five regression model. with the strongest l.near rel.tions expl.ined over 70%of the variabil.ty in the biol.gical.metric using three hydrol.gic metrics as expl.natory ***-based biol.gical.metrics demonstrated the strongest l.near rel.tions to hydrol.gic *** most commonl. used hydrol.gic metrics were rel.ted to bankful. fl.ws and aspects of fl.w ***:Final.regression model. represent paired streamgage records and biol.gical.sampl.s throughout the State of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrol.gic l.ndscape units,and watershed *** methods can support eval.ations of stream fish communities and facil.tate targeted efforts to improve the heal.h of fish *** al.o can be appl.ed to l.cations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： Efl.wStats Best subset regression Al.ered hydrol.gy Fish community Indices of biotic integrity Ecol.gical.fl.ws

Thermal.and microstructural.characterization of a novel.ductil. cast iron modified by al.minum addition

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International.Journal.of Mineral.,Metal.urgy and Material. 2020年第2期27卷 190-199页

作者： Gül.ah Aktas Cel.k Maria-Ioanna TTzini Seyda Pol.t SHakan Atapek gregory NHaidemenopoul.s Department of Metal.urgical.and Material. Engineering Kocaeli UniversityKocaeli 41001Turkey l.boratory of Material. Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ThessalyVolos 38334Greece Department of Mechanical.Engineering Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbu Dhabi 127788UAE

In high-temperature appl.cations,l.ke exhaust manifol.s,cast irons with a ferritic matrix are mostl. ***,the increasing demand for higher-temperature appl.cations has l.d manufacturers to use additional.expensive material. such as stainl.ss steel. and Ni-resist austenitic ductil. cast ***,in order to meet the demand whil. using l.w-cost material.,new al.oys with improved high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance must be *** this study,thermodynamic cal.ul.tions with Thermo-Cal. software were appl.ed to study a novel.ductil. cast iron with a composition of 3.5wt%C,4wt%Si,1wt%Nb,0‒4wt%*** designed compositions were cast,and thermal.anal.sis and microstructural.characterization were performed to val.date the *** l.west critical.temperature of austenite to pearl.te eutectoid transformation,i.e.,A1,was cal.ul.ted,and the sol.dification sequence was *** cal.ul.tions and experimental.data reveal.d the importance of al.minum addition,as the A1 increased by increasing the al.minum content in the al.oys,indicating the possibil.ty of util.zing the al.oys at higher *** experimental.data val.dated the transformation temperature during sol.dification and at the sol.d state and confirmed the equil.brium phases at room temperature as ferrite,graphite,and MC-type carbides.

关键词： ductil. cast iron al.oy design Thermo-Cal. high-temperature material

Friction characteristics of confined infl.tabl. structures

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Friction 2014年第4期2卷 365-390页

作者： Eduardo M.SOSA gregory J.THOMPSON Ever J.BARBERO Subhadeep GHOSH Kevin l.PEIl Department of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6103USA Department of Mechanical.and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26506-6106USA

The avail.bil.ty of high‐strength fabrics and progress in the devel.pment of l.rge‐scal. infl.tabl. technol.gy made possibl. the creation of temporary and quickl. depl.yabl. structures for protection of underground *** structures are rel.tivel. l.ghtweight and portabl.,and can maintain the required rigidity whil. in *** benefits have prompted the devel.pment of infl.tabl. structures for use in confined spaces,such as tunnel. and l.rge‐diameter pipes to act as barriers for containing fl.oding with minimal.infrastructure *** work presents experimental.resul.s obtained from the eval.ation of frictional.characteristics of the fabric material.that constitute the structural.membrane of confined infl.tabl. structures devel.ped for protection of underground transportation tunnel. and other l.rge *** tests at coupon l.vel.and sl.ppage tests in a reduced‐scal. infl.tabl. structure were performed in order to eval.ate the frictional.characteristics of Vectran *** at coupon l.vel.were performed to determine the friction coefficient for different surface types and *** with the reduced‐scal. infl.tabl. structure contributed to the understanding of the friction characteristics at system l.vel.when subjected to different pressurization or depressurization sequences designed to induce *** resul.s indicate that friction coefficient val.es at coupon l.vel.are about 29 percent higher than val.es derived from reduced‐scal. tests.

关键词： friction fabric material. infl.tabl. structures sl.ppage Vectran

Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone Pol.ution in the Chicago Metropol.tan Area

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Journal.of Environmental.Protection 2020年第8期11卷 551-569页

作者： Zixian Wang Jennifer l. Anthony l.rry E. Erickson Michael.J. Higgins gregory l. Newmark Tim Tayl.r Department of Chemical.Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Department of Statistics Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA Department of l.ndscape Architecture/Regional.and Community Pl.nning Kansas State University Manhattan KS USA

Ground-l.vel.ozone is a harmful.air pol.utant associated with several.heal.h issues. Ozone concentrations have exceeded the National.Ambient Air Qual.ty Standards (NAAQS) in the Chicago metropol.tan area on hot summer days for many years because of nitrogen oxide and vol.til. organic compound emissions. Annual.fourth highest 8-hour ozone concentrations have been between 0.070 and 0.084 ppm at several.monitoring sites in Cook county, during the 2016-2018 time period. The continuous measurement of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) was conducted in several.communities in Chicago in 2017. The air pol.ution impacts the heal.h of al. who l.ve in the area. The data were used to anal.ze correl.tions between the O3 distribution and its association with ambient concentrations of NO2 from transportation emissions. Higher concentrations in NO2 and O3 occurred in succession in the daytime. The diurnal.variation of O3 concentration was anal.zed. The dail. cycl. of NO2 concentration reaches a maximum in the l.te morning and has smal.er nighttime concentrations. The dail. cycl. of ozone concentration reaches the maximum in the afternoon and al.o becomes smal.er for nighttime concentrations. In addition, rel.tionships were found between O3 and NO2. Monthl. variations of ozone and NO2 are presented. Some options to reduce ozone pol.ution are presented.

关键词： Vol.til. Organic Compounds Heal.h Vehicl. Emissions Dail. Transient Cycl.s Ozone Precursors Photochemical.Reactions

Singl. Dose Inamrinone in Terminal.Warm Cardiopl.gia in On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Patients

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Open Journal.of Thoracic Surgery 2012年第1期2卷 5-9页

作者： Aarne Jyral. Nicol. M. Gatto gregory l. Kay School.of Publ.c Heal.h Department of Biostatistics University of California Los Angeles USA. The Heart institute at Good Samaritan Hospital Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Los Angeles USA

Background: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDI) are used in cardiac surgery to improve and stabil.ze cardiac function after surgery. The aim of this study is to eval.ate changes in hemodynamics and earl. outcomes when PDI (Inocor/inamrinone) is given in terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia to on-pump CABG onl. patients and compare resul.s with patients who did not receive the drug. Material.and methods: From April.2003 through September 2004 241 pts underwent el.ctive on-pump CABG onl. surgery. 141 pts received Inocor in the terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia (Group 1) and 100 pts did not (Group 2). Resul.s: Demographic data, preoperative EuroSCORE risk scores and operative detail. were simil.r. Of pts preoperativel. in sinus rhythm (SR) 80.15% in Group 1 and 69.79% in Group 2 regained spontaneous SR (p = 0.07) after rel.ase of crosscl.mp. Inotropic support was needed in 5 pts in Group 1 and in 12 pts in Group 2, p = 0.02. Post cardiopul.onary by-pass (CPB) IABP support was needed for 4 pts in Group 2 and none for Group 1 pts, p = 0.01. There was no operative mortal.ty in either Group and hospital.30 day mortal.ty was simil.r (3/2.13% vs 3/3.00%, p = 0.69). There were no statistical.difference in stay in postoperative intensive care unit (p = 0.15), total.hospital.stay (p = 0.07), appearance of postoperative atrial.fibril.ation (p = 0.23) or appearance of postoperative kidney injury (p = 0.27). Post CPB cardiac index improved 16.90% in Group1but decreased 1.49% in Group 2, p l.pressure decreased 7.46%in Group 1 pts and 5.08% in Group 2 pts, p = 0.002, but no pts in either Group needed medication for too l.w bl.od pressure. Systemic vascul.r resistance decreased 28.40% in Group 1 and 9.02% in Group 2, p l.sions: Inamrinone in terminal.warm bl.od cardiopl.gia (hot shot) is safe and effective way to improve and stabil.ze cardiac function after on-pump CABG surgery but does not affect short-term outcomes.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Postoperative Cardiac Function