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Removing harvest residues from hardwood stands affects tree growth, wood density and stem wood nutrient concentration in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus spp.)

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： Sanjoy Roy Jean-Michel Leban Bernhard Zeller gregory van der Heijden Arnaud Reichard Marie-Christine Gehin Philippe Santenoise Laurent Saint-Andre INRAE BEFF-54000 NancyFrance IGN Laboratoire de l’Inventaire ForestierNancyF-54000France Universite de Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAESILVAF-54000 NancyFrance

Background:Higher exportation of harvest residues from forests due to increased demand for woody biomass,has reportedly diminished soil mineral resources and may lead to degraded tree nutrition as well as ***,as nutrients become less available in the soil,the remobilization of nutrients in biomass tissues(plant internal cycling)helps sustain tree *** study aims to quantify the impact of Removing Harvest Residues and Litter(RHRL)during five years on tree growth,wood density,and stem wood nutrient concentrations in young beech and oak forest ***:Our study found that,RHRL significantly decreased tree growth ring width by 14%,and wood density by 3%,in beech trees,in near bark *** also significantly reduced nutrient concentration in near bark and near pith areas of both studied ***,Na and S were found lower by 44%,76%,and 56%,respectively,in near bark area of beech *** near bark area of oak trees,K,Ca,Mg,Na,S,and Fe were lower by 20%,25%,41%,48%,41%,and 16%,respectively.K and Mg concentrations decreased more strongly in near pith area compared to near bark area suggesting internal translocation of these two ***:In beech trees,wood density proved to be an important factor while quantifying the effect of removing harvest residuals on tree growth and *** nutrient loss intensified the remobilization of nutrients con-tained in older tree rings(close to the pith)towards newly formed rings(close to bark).In our study,in beech trees,K was found to be the most recycled major *** results demonstrate the potential of such analysis for providing valuable insight into the effect of RHRL in premature stands on the physiological adaptive strategies of trees and an indication of soil fertility status.

关键词： Harvest residues Fagus sylvatica Quercus petraea Dendroecology Dendrochemistry Radial growth Wood density Tree growth Ring width Translocation

WASO: Why Does It Increase with Age?

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第4期12卷 164-176页

作者： James M. gregory Professor Emeritus Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, especially for seniors. WASO (time awake after sleep onset), a component of insomnia, tends to increase with age. There are also many variations in WASO for seniors. To better understand the nature of insomnia, an equation was developed to predict WASO using maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) as a measure of fitness associated with aerobic exercise. Predictions from the equation matched measured values with an R2 = 0.98. The results were highly significant (p 2max as a function of age and relative fitness (a measure of aerobic fitness independent of age). The two equations were combined to predict WASO as a function of age, gender, and relative fitness. Based on these results, it appears that aerobic exercise to improve relative fitness can be used to reduce WASO. The WASO model explains the numerous reports of reduced WASO associated with long-term exercise programs. The model also explains why WASO increases with age and why high WASO values associate with early death.

关键词： WASO Time Awake Sleep Disorders Sleep Quality Aerobic Exercise

Post-COVID Reflections

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Beijing Review 2023年第2期66卷 20-21页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney politics and international relations at East China Normal University the Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristis at Southeast University

I was teaching English at Liaoning University in Shenyang, capital of the northeastern Chinese province of Liaoning, in 1998, my first year in the country. It was a formative experience for me and my career has been connected to China in one way or another ever since. I’d already worked as a public health officer for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and spent time around the world at that point.

关键词： northeastern Liaoning officer

Reconsidering The U.S. Narrative

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Beijing Review 2022年第33期65卷 26-27页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University

As *** malign China’s human rights record and in light of the recent official visit to China by UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet—who noted China’s incredible achievements and room for improvement—it’s important to bring a critical perspective to America’s claim that it champions human rights while China debases them.

关键词： U.S bases official

The Belt and Road Initiative

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Beijing Review 2023年第32期66卷 22-23页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney East China Normal University Institute for the Development of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University

Introduced by President Xi Jinping in2013,the Belt and Road Initiative is a key feature of China's foreign policy,consistent with Xi's push to advance what he describes as a new era of major-country ***,the initiative... 详细信息

关键词： mutual Road policy

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New Era,New Thinking

Beijing Review 2022年第52期65卷 28-29页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney East China Normal University the Institute for the Development of Socialism With Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University

While we can point to many causes of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine,while there are dirty hands all around,including many in Europe and the United States,perhaps what is most stunning about these developments is how extraordinarily familiar they ***,we should be horrified by bombs falling at night,terrified mothers on the run with their children and above all those who fall,but haven’t we seen this again and again,and recently,in conflicts in other places?

关键词： while mother again

Alzheimer’s Disease: An Analysis of Gender Effects

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第10期12卷 455-473页

作者： James M. gregory Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

Alzheimer’s disease is a dreaded outcome that affects both men and women in later years of life. While root causes of this form of dementia are not clear, various factors are known that contribute to the risk of development and the reduction in risks based on gender and our choices in life. This paper evaluates the various factors that affect the risks of developing Alzheimer’s disease as we age. The focus of this paper is gender considerations in a mathematical model programmed in Excel. The model was first presented by gregory [1] and was calibrated on one of the original population data sets with 50 - 50 male and female participants. This model overpredicted the risks for women and underpredicted the risks for men. A solution to this problem was found based on published values of sex hormones for men and women. Based on the expanded current model, two major factors contribute to the gender differences in predictions: gender factor values (10.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for men and 3.5 ml·kg-1·min-1 for women) used in VO2max equations and a sex hormone factor that changes as hormones change for men and women with age. Smoking differences associated with gender and the risk associated with smoking was added to the model. Cognitive reserve based on education differences between men and women was also added. These are minor components compared to hormone effects. The expanded model includes an input for unsaturated fat diets and cholesterol reducing medications and use of Viagra by men that is known to reduce risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Predictions from the expanded model closely matched measured values from age 50 through age 95 for each gender with R2 values of 0.99, which were highly significant (p = 0.001). The expanded model predictions matched the reduced lifetime risk for men and women associated with a data set that included a population with the opportunity to use statins and Viagra. The expan

关键词： Gender Effects Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Mathematical Modeling Statins Viagra Cholesterol Unsaturated Fat Diets

THE TWO SESSIONS: JUST A ‘RUBBER STAMP'?

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Beijing Review 2023年第35期66卷 16-17页

作者： Josef gregory Mahoney East China Normal University the Institute for the Development of Socialism With Chinese Characteristics at Southeast University

The Two Sessions,or lianghui in Chinese,refer to the annual meetings of the National People’s Congress(NPC)and the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)National Committee in *** meetings normally take place in March and last around 10 days,with the CPPCC National Committee session opening ***,they represent the pinnacle of China’s political season and the top-end of China’s wholeprocess democracy.

关键词： Together Beijing season

Mathematical Model for Stroke and White Matter Hyperintensities

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2023年第4期13卷 66-94页

作者： James M. gregory Professor Emeritus Civil Engineering Department at Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

A mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of having a stroke as a person ages. The age component was derived from the concept that the change in risk of stroke with age is a function of the current risk of developing a stroke. This equation modeled the trend with age reported in the literature for two different data sets with R2 values of 0.97 or better for both men and women. A second equation of a similar nature was developed to predict the accumulation of white matter hyperintensities, WMH, as a person ages. It appears that each equation includes a set of common risk factors. This set of common risk factors allows an individual’s risk for stroke to be based on measured WMH. A third equation links WMH with the risk of developing a stroke. This equation allows an individual to use measured WMH from brain scans to predict the future risk of developing a stroke. In theory, a person with a relatively high measurement of WMH can project future risk for stroke with age and use counter measures such as exercise and medications to keep other risk factors low as a person continues to age.

关键词： Stroke White Matter Hyperintensities WMH Aging Depression Trauma PTSD