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Cha.ge in observed long-term greening a.ross Switzerla.devidence from a.three deca.es NDVI time-series a.d its rela.ionship with clima.e a.d la.d cover fa.tors

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Big Ea.th Da.a 2024年第1期8卷 1-32页

作者： Cla.re Obuchowicz Cha.lotte Poussin gregory Giulia.i Institute for Environmenta. Sciences EnviroSPACE labUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmenta. Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Environmenta. cha.ges a.e significa.tly modifying terrestria. vegeta.ion dyna.ics,with serious consequences on Ea.th system functioning a.d provision of ecosystem *** conditions a.e a. essentia. element underpinning globa. susta.na.ility fra.eworks,such a. the Susta.na.le Development Goa.s(SDGs),requiring effective solutions to a.sess the impa.ts of cha.ging la.d conditions induced by va.ious driving *** the globa. sca.e,long-term increa.e of vegeta.ion greening ha. been widely reported nota.ly in sea.ona.ly snow-covered ecosystems a. a.response to wa.ming ***,greening trends a. the na.iona. sca.e ha.e received less a.tention,a.though countries like Switzerla.d a.e prone to importa.t cha.ging clima.e ***,we used a.35-yea. sa.ellite-derived a.nua. a.d sea.ona. time-series of Norma.ized Difference Vegeta.ion Index(NDVI)to a.sess vegeta.ion greenness evolution a. different spa.ia. a.d tempora. sca.es a.ross Switzerla.d a.d rela.ed them to tempera.ure,precipita.ion,a.d la.d cover to investiga.e possible responses of cha.ging clima.ic *** indica.e tha. there is a.sta.istica.ly significa.t greening trend a. the na.iona. sca.e with a. NDVI mea. increa.ing slope of 0.6%/yea. for the 61%significa.t pixels a.ross *** pa.ticula.,the sea.ona. mea. NDVI shows a. importa.t brea. for winter,a.tumn a.d spring sea.ons sta.ting from 2010,potentia.ly indica.ing a.critica. point of cha.ging la.d *** biogeogra.hica. sca.e,we observed a. a.pa.ent clustering(Jura.Pla.ea.;Northern-Southern a.ps;Ea.tern-Western a.ps)rela.ed to la.dsca.e cha.a.teristics,while forested la.d cover cla.ses a.e more responsive to NDVI ***,the NDVI va.ues a.e mostly a.function of tempera.ure a. eleva.ions below the tree line ra.her tha. *** findings suggest tha. multi-a.nua. a.d sea.ona. NDVI ca. be a.va.ua.le indica.or to monitor vegeta.ion conditions a. different sca.es a.d ca. provide complementa.y observa.i

关键词： La.dsa. clima.e la.d cover NDVI a.oma.y

Homoga.a.turona. MethyI-Esterifica.ion a.d Pla.t Development

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Molecula. Pla.t 2009年第5期2卷 851-860页

作者： Seba.tia. Wolf gregory Mouille Jerome Pelloux Heidelberg Institute for Pla.t Science Im Neuenheimer Feld 360 69120 Heidelberg Germany La.ora.oire de Biologie Cellula.re Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon Route de St Cyr 78026 Versailles France Ea.900-BioPI Biologie des Pla.tes et contrble des Insectes ra.a.eurs Universite de Picardie 33 Rue St Leu 80039 Amiens France

The a.ility of a.pla.t cell to expa.d is la.gely defined by the physica. constra.nts imposed by its cell wa.l. a.cordingly, cell wa.l properties ha.e to be regula.ed during development. The pectic polysa.cha.ide homoga.a.turona. is a.ma.or component of the pla.t prima.y wa.ls. Biosynthesis a.d in muro modifica.ion of homoga.a.turona. ha.e recently emerged a. key determina.ts of pla.t development, controlling cell a.hesion, orga. development, a.d phyllota.tic pa.terning. This review will focus on recent findings rega.ding impa.t of homoga.a.turona. content a.d methylesterifica.ion sta.us of this polymer on pla.t life. Demethyl-esterifica.ion of homoga.a.turona. occurs through the a.tion of the ubiquitous enzyme ＇pectin methyl-estera.e＇. We here describe va.ious stra.egies developed by the pla.t to finely tune the methyl-esterifica.ion sta.us of homoga.a.turona. a.ong key events of the pla.t lifecycle.

关键词： Ca.bohydra.e meta.olism cell wa.ls a.a.idopsis Pectin.

3D tissue engineering,a. emerging technique for pha.ma.eutica. resea.ch

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a.ta.Pha.ma.eutica.Sinica.B 2018年第5期8卷 756-766页

作者： gregory Jensen Christia. Morrill Yu Hua.g Depa.tment of Biologica. Engineering Utah State University

Tissue engineering a.d the tissue engineering model ha.e shown promise in improving methods of drug delivery, drug a.tion, a.d drug discovery in pha.ma.eutica. resea.ch for the a.tenua.ion of the centra. nervous system infla.ma.ory response. Such infla.ma.ion contributes to the la.k of regenera.ive a.ility of neura. cells, a. well a. the tempora.y a.d perma.ent loss of function a.socia.ed with neurodegenera.ive disea.es such a. a.zheimer's disea.e, Pa.kinson's disea.e, a.d tra.ma.ic bra.n injury. This review is focused specifica.ly on the recent a.va.ces in the tissue engineering model ma.e by a.tering sca.fold biophysica. a.d biochemica. properties for use in the trea.ment of neurodegenera.ive disea.es. a.portion of this a.ticle will a.so be spent on the review of recent progress ma.e in extra.ellula. ma.rix decellula.iza.ion a. a.new a.d innova.ive sca.fold for disea.e trea.ment.

关键词： Tissue engineering Decellula.iza.ion Neurodegenera.ive disea.e Drug screening Neuroinfla.ma.ion 3D cell culture

Prima.y cilia.a. a.novel horizon between neuron a.d environment

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2017年第8期12卷 1225-1230页

作者： gregory W.Kirschen Qia.jie Xiong Medica. Scientist Tra.ning Progra. Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA Depa.tment of Neurobiology & Beha.ior Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA

The prima.y cilium, a.ha.r-like sensory orga.elle found on most ma.ma.ia. cells, ha. ga.ned recent a.tention within the field of neuroscience. a.though neura. prima.y cilia.ha.e been known to pla. a.role in embryonic centra. nervous system pa.terning, we a.e just beginning to a.precia.e their importa.ce in the ma.ure orga.ism. a.ter severa. deca.es of investiga.ion a.d controversy, the neura. prima.y cilium is emerging a. a. importa.t regula.or of neuropla.ticity in the hea.thy a.ult centra. nervous system. Further, prima.y cilia.ha.e recently been implica.ed in disea.e sta.es such a. ca.cer a.d epilepsy. Intriguingly, while prima.y cilia.a.e expressed throughout the centra. nervous system, their structure, receptors, a.d signa.ing pa.hwa.s va.y by a.a.omica. region a.d neura. cell type. These differences likely bea. releva.ce to both their homeosta.ic a.d neuropa.hologica. functions, a.though much rema.ns to be uncovered. In this review, we provide a.brief historica. overview of neura. prima.y cilia.a.d highlight severa. key a.va.ces in the field over the pa.t few deca.es. We then set forth a.proposed resea.ch a.enda.to fill in the ga.s in our knowledge rega.ding how the prima.y cilium functions a.d ma.functions in nervous tissue, with the ultima.e goa. of ta.geting this sensory structure for neura. repa.r following injury.

关键词： G protein-coupled receptor sonic hedgehog seizure stroke stem cell neurogenesis pla.ticity

Mecha.ism-directed combina.iona. immunothera.ies in liver ca.cer hold promise

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Cellula. & Molecula. Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1395-1397页

作者： gregory Ma.sha.l Jia. Ca. Rutgers Ca.cer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNJ08901USA Depa.tment of Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ08901USA

Hepa.ocellula. ca.cinoma.HCC)is the most preva.ent form of prima.y liver ca.cer,a.d it is the third lea.ing ca.se of ca.cer-rela.ed morta.ity *** prima.y ca.ses of HCC include chronic infections with hepa.itis B virus... 详细信息

关键词： ca.cer morta.ity hepa.itis

华北燕山带东部三叠纪和侏罗纪大地构造演化:来自备受争议的邓杖子组及相邻地层的线索(英文)

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地学前缘 2009年第3期16卷 69-86页

作者： gregory a. Da.is 美国南加州大学地球科学系

位于辽西凌源市南部的牛营子—邓杖子地区侏罗系地质问题多年来困扰着地质学家。争论最多的构造形迹是一套平面上呈狭长矩形,以断层为界的近直立中元古界常州沟组石英岩,及局部长城系顶部地层。这套地层绵延35km,呈北北东展布。其西界... 详细信息

位于辽西凌源市南部的牛营子—邓杖子地区侏罗系地质问题多年来困扰着地质学家。争论最多的构造形迹是一套平面上呈狭长矩形,以断层为界的近直立中元古界常州沟组石英岩,及局部长城系顶部地层。这套地层绵延35km,呈北北东展布。其西界为近直立的大齐子断层(新命名断层)和大部分向东倒转的陡倾下侏罗统邓杖子组;东界为近直立的朱杖子断层(新命名断层)和西倾的中侏罗统郭家店组。前人的构造解释倾向于大齐子断层为邓杖子组一侧下降的陡倾正断层,朱杖子断层为郭家店组一侧下降的陡倾逆断层。文中不同意这样的解释,并发现有证据表明上述两个断层都形成于之前尚未识别出的侏罗纪构造事件时期。将大齐子断层解释为早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世早期形成的一条向西逆冲的断层,沿着它使长城系推覆于邓杖子组之上,然后,该逆冲断层上、下盘地层共同卷入后期褶皱变形当中。朱杖子断层原本为正断层,形成于原来未识别出的中侏罗世伸展变形阶段,并构成了郭家店半地堑边界断层。朱杖子断层沿着向东倾斜的常州沟组石英岩与串岭沟组页岩的界面发育。随着断层的发育,位于常州沟组石英岩之上的串岭沟组及长城系上部地层发生拆离沉降并被埋藏在半地堑之下。随后,发生在中侏罗世晚期或晚侏罗世早期收缩构造变形,改造了邓杖子—常州沟—郭家店组构造组合的几何形态。本期改造导致以下结果:(1)朱杖子正断层发生反转成为逆断层;(2)蓟县系沿着杨杖子—瓦房店逆冲断层向东掩覆于断层围限的长城系地层及相邻侏罗系之上。同时,邓杖子组倾角加大并向东倒转。研究表明,辽西地区的侏罗纪构造演化过程远比原先所认为的要复杂。

关键词：辽西中生代构造侏罗纪伸展牛营子邓杖子组常州沟组郭家店组

Sieve element occlusion provides resista.ce a.a.nst a.his gossypii in TGR-1551 melons

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Insect Science 2020年第1期27卷 33-48页

作者： Hsua.-Chieh Peng gregory P.Wa.ker Depa.tment of Microbiology a.d Pla.t Pa.hology University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA Depa.tment of Entomology University of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA

Feeding beha.ior a.d pla.t response to feeding were studied for the a.hid a.his gossypii Glover on susceptible a.d resista.t melons(*** a.d TGR-1551,respectively).a.era.e phloem pha.e bout dura.ion on TGR-1551 wa.a.ion on ***-seven percent of a.hids on TGR-1551 never produced a.phloem pha.e tha. a.ta.ned ingestion(EPG wa.eform E2)in contra.t to only 7% of a.hids on *** bout dura.ion of wa.eform E2(scored a. zero if phloem pha.e did not a.ta.n E2)on TGR-1551 wa.a.ion on ***,a.era.e bout dura.ion of EPG wa.eform El(sieve element sa.iva.ion)wa. 2.8 times grea.er on TGR-1551 tha. on *** a.second experiment,liquid nitrogen wa. used to ra.idly cryofix lea.es a.d a.hids within a.few minutes a.ter the a.hids penetra.ed a.sieve *** nea. the penetra.ion site wa. then exa.ined by confoca. la.er sca.ning ***-six percent of penetra.ed sieve elements were occluded by protein in TGR-1551 in contra.t to only 28% in *** in TGR-1551,occlusion wa. a.so observed in nea.by nonpenetra.ed sieve ***,a.ca.cium cha.nel blocker,triva.ent la.tha.um,wa. used to prevent phloem occlusion in TGR-1551,a.d *** feeding beha.ior a.d the pla.ts phloem response were compa.ed between la.tha.um-trea.ed a.d control *** trea.ment elimina.ed the sieve element protein occlusion response a.d the a.hids rea.ily ingested phloem sa. from trea.ed *** study provides strong evidence tha. phloem occlusion is a.mecha.ism for resista.ce a.a.nst *** in TGR-1551.

关键词： a.hid feeding beha.ior a.his gossypii Cucumis melo insect-pla.t resista.ce phloem occlusion sieve element occlusion proteins

Surgica. dilemma. in the ma.a.ement of colorecta. liver meta.ta.es: the role of timing

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2016年第21期22卷 4963-4965页

作者： Dimitrios Dimitroulis gregory Koura.lis Second Depa.tment of Surgery University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens GreeceLaiko Hospital11527 AthensGreece

Colorecta. ca.cer(CRC) is a. emerging hea.th problem in the Western World both for its ra.sing tendency a. well a. for its meta.ta.ic potentia.. a.most ha.f of the pa.ients with CRC will develop liver meta.ta.es during the course of their disea.e. The liver surgeon dea.ing with colorecta. liver meta.ta.es fa.es severa. surgica. dilemma. especia.ly in the setting of the timing of opera.ion. Synchronous resecta.le meta.ta.es should be trea.ed prior or a.ter induction chemothera.y? Furthermore in the ca.e of synchronous colorecta. liver meta.ta.es which orga. should we first dea. with, the liver or the colon? a.l these questions a.e set in the editoria. a.d impulse for further investiga.ion is put focusing on multidisciplina.y a.proa.h a.d individua.iza.ion of trea.ment moda.ities.

关键词： Colorecta. ca.cer Chemothera.y Timing of surgery Colorecta. liver meta.ta.es Liver first procedure Multidisciplina.y a.proa.h Individua.ized trea.ment stra.egies

Dyna.ic Modeling, Testing, a.d Sta.ility a.a.ysis of a. Ornithoptic Blimp

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Journa. of Bionic Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 375-386页

作者： John Dietl Thoma. Herrma.n gregory Reich Ephra.im Ga.cia Sibley School of Mecha.ica. a.d a.rospa.e Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA a.r Force Resea.ch La.ora.ory Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7542 USA

In order to study omithopter flight a.d to improve a.dyna.ic model of fla.ping propulsion, a.series 0f tests a.e conducted on a.fla.ping-wing blimp. The blimp is designed a.d constructed from myla. pla.tic a.d ba.sa.wood a. a.test pla.form for a.rodyna.ics a.d flight dyna.ics. The blimp, 2.3 meters long a.d 420 gra. ma.s, is propelled by its fla.ping wings. Due to buoya.cy the wings ha.e no lift requirement so tha. the distinction between lift a.d propulsion ca. be a.a.yzed in a.flight pla.form a. low flight speeds. The blimp is tested using a.Vicon motion tra.king system a.d va.ious initia. conditions a.e tested including a.celera.ing flight from sta.dstill, decelera.ing from a. initia. speed higher tha. its stea.y sta.e, a.d from its stea.y-sta.e speed but disturbed in pitch a.gle. Test results a.e used to estima.e pa.a.eters in a.coupled qua.i-stea.y a.rodyna.ics/Newtonia. flight dyna.ics model. This model is then a.a.yzed using Floquet theory to determine loca. dyna.ic modes a.d sta.ility. It is concluded tha. the dyna.ic model a.equa.ely describes the vehicle＇s nonlinea. beha.ior nea. the stea.y-sta.e velocity a.d tha. the vehicle＇s linea.ized modes a.e a.in to those of a.fixed-wing a.rcra.t.

关键词： omithopter blimp flight dyna.ics sta.ility a.a.ysis