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Emerging trends in big Earth data management and analysis

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Big Earth Data 2023年第3期7卷 451-454页

作者： Martin Sudmanns gregory Giuliani Dirk Tiede Hannah Augustin Department of Geoinformatics Paris Lodron University SalzburgSalzburgAustria Institute for Environmental Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Big Earth data are increasingly used in a variety of *** the same time,technological developments happen rapidly and include Earth observation data cubes,analysis-ready data(ARD),the need to access distributed systems and data to avoid replicating datasets,searching and finding datasets,or visualization of data and information in a comprehensive way.

关键词： Earth searching analysis

Optical tissue clearing enables rapid,precise and comprehensive assessment of three-dimensional morphology in experimental nerve regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1348-1356页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Jennifer Zhang Tessa Gordon gregory H.Borschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA

Morphological analyses are key outcome assessments for nerve regeneration studies but are historically limited to tissue *** optical tissue clearing techniques enabling three-dimensional imaging of entire organs at a subcellular resolution have revolutionized morphological studies of the *** extend their applicability to experimental nerve repair studies we adapted these techniques to nerves and their motor and sensory targets in *** solvent-based protocols rendered harvested peripheral nerves and their target organs transparent within 24 hours while preserving tissue architecture and *** optical clearing was compatible with conventional laboratory techniques,including retrograde labeling studies,and computational image segmentation,providing fast and precise cell ***,optically cleared organs enabled three-dimensional morphometry at an unprecedented scale including dermatome-wide innervation studies,tracing of intramuscular nerve branches or mapping of neurovascular *** their wide-ranging applicability,rapid processing times,and low costs,tissue clearing techniques are likely to be a key technology for next-generation nerve repair *** procedures were approved by the Hospital for Sick Children’s Laboratory Animal Services Committee(49871/9)on November 9,2019.

关键词： histology image segmentation morphometry nerve regeneration outcome assessment peripheral nerve three-dimensional imaging tissue clearing

Polyvinylchloride surface modified with polymer brushes for reduced protein,cell and bacteria attachment

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2023年第4期9卷 187-198页

作者： Rashed Almousa Dong Xie Jiliang Li gregory G.Anderson Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Medical Equipment Technology College of Applied Medical SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-MajmaahSaudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Biology Purdue School of ScienceIndiana University-Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA

The objective of this study was to coat negatively charged polymer brushes by a covalent bond onto the surface of polyvinylchloride using a simple conventional surface free radical polymerisation *** coated surfaces were assessed with contact angle,protein adsorption,cell adhesion,and bacterial *** serum albumin and bovine fibrinogen were used for protein adsorption *** fibroblast(NIH-3T3)cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to assess surface *** show that the surface modified with all the attached polymers exhibited significantly reduced contact angle,protein adsorption,and cell as well as bacterial adhesion among which the negatively charged polymers showed extremely low values in all the *** negatively charged polymer shows its contact angle at 5°as compared to 70°for original *** bovine serum albumin,bovine fibrinogen,3T3 adhesion,and *** adhesion were 93%,84%,92%,and 92%lower than the original PVC,***,the polyvinylchloride surface coated with negatively charged polymer brushes exhibited a hydrogel-like *** results indicate that coating a polyvinylchloride surface with acrylic acids using a simple surface-initiated free radical polymerisation and then converting those to negatively charged salts can be an effective and efficient route for fouling-resistant applications.

关键词： polymer surface

Recent Advancements on Three‑Dimensional Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2022年第5期4卷 959-986页

作者： Yujie Chen Xutao Dong Muhammad Shafiq gregory Myles Norbert Radacsi Xiumei Mo Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano‑Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversitySongjiangShanghai 201600China School of Engineering Institute for Materials and ProcessesThe University of EdinburghKing’s BuildingsEdinburgh EH93FBUnited Kingdom

Electrospinning is widely accepted as a technique for the fabrication of nanofibrous three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds which mimic extracellular matrix(ECM)microenvironment for tissue engineering(TE).Unlike normal densely-packed two-dimensional(2D)nanofibrous membranes,3D electrospun nanofiber scaffolds are dedicated to more precise spatial control,endowing the scaffolds with a sufficient porosity and 3D environment similar to the in vivo settings as well as optimizing the properties,including injectability,compressibility,and ***,the 3D morphology regulates cellular interaction and mediates growth,migration,and differentiation of cell for matrix *** variation among scaffold structures,functions and applications depends on the selection of electrospinning materials and methods as well as on the post-processing of electrospun *** review summarizes the recent new forms for building electrospun 3D nanofiber scaffolds for TE applications.A variety of approaches aimed at the fabrication of 3D electrospun scaffolds,such as multilay-ering electrospinning,sacrificial agent electrospinning,wet electrospinning,ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning as well as post-processing techniques,including gas foaming,ultrasonication,short fiber assembly,3D printing,electrospraying,and so on are discussed,along with their advantages,limitations and ***,the current challenges and prospects of 3D electrospun scaffolds are rationally discussed,providing an insight into developing the vibrant fields of biomedicine.

关键词： Electrospun Nanofibers Three-dimensional Tissue engineering Regenerative medicine Scaffold Polymer

Hydrophilic polymer-coated PVC surface for reduced cell and bacterial adhesions

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2022年第1期8卷 34-43页

作者： Rashed Almousa Xin Wen Sungsoo Na gregory Anderson Dong Xie Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA Department of Medical Equipment Technology College of Applied Medical ScienceMajmaah UniversityAlmajmaahSaudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyIndiana University-Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Biology Purdue School of ScienceIndiana University-Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Hydrophilic polymers are very useful in biomedical *** this study,biocom-patible polyethylene glycol(PEG)and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)polymers end-capped with succinimidyl groups were either modified or synthesised and attached to poly-vinylchloride *** modified surfaces were evaluated with cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion.3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and three bacteria species were used to evaluate surface adhesion *** showed that the modified surface exhibited significantly reduced 3T3 cell adhesion with a 50%-69%decrease for PEG and a 64%-81%for PVP,as compared to unmodified *** modified surface also showed significantly reduced bacterial attachment with 22%-78%,18%-76%and 20%-75%decrease for PEG and 22%-76%,18%-76%and 20%-73%for PVP to Staphy-lococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,as compared to unmodified *** seems that an appropriate chain length or molecular weight(neither the longest nor the shortest chain length)determines the lowest cell and bacterial adhesion in terms of *** the other hand,a mixture of polymers with different chain lengths exhibited the lowest cell and bacterial adhesion in terms of PVP.

关键词： adhesion bacterial viability polymer polyvinylchloride surface coating

One decade(2011–2020)of European agricultural water stress monitoring by MSG-SEVIRI:workflow implementation on the Virtual Earth Laboratory(VLab)platform

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 730-747页

作者： Bagher Bayat Carsten Montzka Alexander Graf gregory Giuliani Mattia Santoro Harry Vereecken Institute of Bio-and Geosciences:Agrosphere (IBG-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülichGermany Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE labUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research National Research Council of Italy (CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly

Cloud computing facilities can provide crucial computing support for processing the time series of satellite data and exploiting their spatio-temporal information ***,dedicated efforts are still required to develop workflows,executable on cloud-based platforms,for ingesting the satellite data,performing the targeted processes,and generating the desired *** this study,an operational workflow is proposed,based on monthly Evaporative Stress Index(ESI)anomaly,and implemented in cloud-based online Virtual Earth Laboratory(VLab)platform,as a demonstration,to monitor European agricultural water *** this end,daily time-series of actual and reference evapotranspiration(ETa and ET0),from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager(SEVIRI)sensor,were used to execute the proposed workflow successfully on *** execution of the workflow resulted in obtaining one decade(2011–2020)of European monthly agricultural water stress maps at 0.04˚spatial resolution and corresponding stress reports for each *** support open science,all the workflow outputs are stored in GeoServer,documented in GeoNetwork,and made available through *** enables creating a dashboard for better visualization of the results for *** results from this study demonstrate the capability of VLab platform for water stress detection from time series of SEVIRI-ET data.

关键词： ET SEVIRI ESI water stress workflow Europe VLab demonstration

Efficacy and dose response of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第28期29卷 4451-4465页

作者： Christopher J Martoni Shalini Srivastava Anders Damholt gregory J Leyer Clinical Development Human HealthChr.Hansen A/SHoersholm 2970Denmark Clinical Development Vedic LifesciencesMumbai 400053India Scientific Affairs Human HealthChr.Hansen A/SHoersholm 2970Denmark

BACKGROUND Probiotics have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);however,the certainty of evidence is *** randomized controlled dose-ranging trials are warranted on promising single-strain *** To investigate the clinical efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(***)Lpla33(DSM34428)in adults with *** This is a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multi-center,and doseranging *** hundred and seven adults,18-70 years of age,with IBS-D,according to Rome IV criteria,were allocated(1:1:1)to receive placebo or *** Lpla33 at 1×10^(9)(1B)or 1×10^(10)(10B)colony-forming units/d over an 8-wk intervention *** primary outcome was the change in IBS severity scoring system(IBS-SSS)total score after 8 wk,while secondary and exploratory outcomes included abdominal pain severity,IBS related quality of life,stool and microbial profile,and perceived *** IBS-SSS was significantly reduced,after 8 wk,in participants receiving *** 1B(-128.45±83.30;P<0.001)and *** 10B(-156.77±99.06;P<0.001),compared to placebo(-58.82±74.75).Further,a dose-ranging effect was observed,with a greater absolute reduction in the *** 10B group(P<0.05).A reduction in sub-scores related to abdominal pain,abdominal distension,bowel habits,and quality of life was observed in both *** groups compared to placebo(P<0.001).Further,62.5%and 88.4%of participants administered *** 1B and 10B,respectively,were classified as stool consistency responders based on a reduction in diarrheal stool form,as compared to 26.3%in the placebo group(P<0.001).In contrast,no significant shifts were observed in microbial *** *** Lpla33(DSM34428)is well tolerated and improves IBS symptom severity with a dose-ranging effect and a corresponding normalization of bowel habits in adults with IBS-D.

关键词： Randomized clinical trial Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Mainstreaming the Full ENSO:Linking Present Weather and Future Climate

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第6期13卷 829-841页

作者： Michael H.Glantz Lino Naranjo-Diaz Qian Ye gregory E.Pierce Consortium for Capacity Building(CCB) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80301USA Integrated Risk Governance Program Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

In this article we propose that all countries that are striving to become a Weather-Ready Nation(WRN)would beneft greatly from including El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)-related research findings into their decision-making processes,not only when an El Niño or a La Niña forecast has been issued *** an aspiring WRN,to beneft from ENSO information,such as disruptive or benefcial changes that could be foreseeably expected to occur in seasonal fow and in sub-seasonal hydrometeorological anomalies,requires its continuous mainstreaming about the status of the ENSO process into a WRN’s decision-making *** ENSO process provides a bridge between sub-seasonal weather anomalies and a sub-decadal climate phenomenon as well as a bridge between coping with weather extremes today and preparing for climate change-related hydrometeorological hazards in the *** extremes every few years provide a chance to evaluate a nation’s strategic and tactical responses to hydrometeorological hazard forecasts and *** successive ENSO extreme and its Neutral phase tests previously designed best *** of today’s youth and young professionals on climate,water,and weather issues has been increasing and will do so in coming *** awareness and attention to ENSO and away from ENSO extremes is *** heightened urgency for understanding the full ENSO“cycle”especially by youth and young professionals today is because they will soon be in professional positions that enable them to advise decision makers about climate policy *** understanding of the ENSO cycle is critically needed,as global warming is expected to continue to increase for the rest of the twentyfrst century.

关键词： ENSO WRN Hydromet Climate change Young professionals

Data-driven analysis of process,structure,and properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718 thin walls

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1168-1182页

作者： Lichao Fang Lin Cheng Jennifer A.Glerum Jennifer Bennett Jian Cao gregory J.Wagner Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA DMG MORI Hoffman EstatesIL60192USA Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Worcester Polytechnic InstituteWorcesterMA01609USA Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering US Military Acadeemy at West PointWest PointNY10996USA

In additive manufacturing of metal parts,the ability to accurately predict the extremely variable temperature field in detail,and relate it quantitatively to structure and properties,is a key step in predicting part performance and optimizing process *** this work,a finite element simulation of the directed energy deposition(DED)process is used to predict the space-and time-dependent temperature field during the multi-layer build process for Inconel 718 *** thermal model results show good agreement with dynamic infrared images captured in situ during the DED *** relationship between predicted cooling rate,microstructural features,and mechanical properties is examined,and cooling rate alone is found to be insufficient in giving quantitative property *** machine learning offers an efficient way to identify important features from series data,we apply a 1D convolutional neural network data-driven framework to automatically extract the dominant predictive features from simulated temperature *** good predictions of material properties,especially ultimate tensile strength,are obtained using simulated thermal history *** further interpret the convolutional neural network predictions,we visualize the extracted features produced on each convolutional layer and compare the convolutional neural network detected features of thermal histories for high and low ultimate tensile strength cases.A key result is the determination that thermal histories in both high and moderate temperature regimes affect material properties.

关键词： Inconel process additive