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A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.so Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul santerre Tessa Gordon gregory HBorschel sickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University school of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

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Remembering your A, B, C’s: Alzheimer’s disease and ABCA1

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Acta Pharmaceutica sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 995-1018页

作者： Cutler T.Lewandowski Megan s.Laham gregory R.J.Thatcher Department of Pharmaceutical sciences University of Illinois College of PharmacyChicagoIL 60612USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Arizona College of PharmacyTucsonAZ 85721USA

The function of ATP binding cassette protein A1(ABCA1)is central to cholesterol *** ABCA1 expression or activity is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and other *** approaches to boost ABCA1 activity have yet to be translated successfully to the *** risk factors for AD development and progression,including comorbid disorders such as type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease,highlight the intersection of cholesterol transport and *** of ABCA1 can positively impact APOE lipidation,insulin sensitivity,peripheral vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity,and anti-inflammatory *** strategies towards ABCA1-boosting compounds have been described,with a bias toward nuclear hormone receptor(NHR)*** agonists display beneficial preclinical effects;however,important side effects have limited *** particular,ligands that bind liver X receptor(LXR),the primary NHR that controls ABCA1 expression,have shown positive effects in AD mouse models;however,lipogenesis and unwanted increases in triglyceride production are often *** longstanding approach,focusing on LXRβ*** selectivity,is over-simplistic and has *** approaches such as phenotypic screening may lead to small molecule NHR modulators that elevate ABCA1 function without inducing lipogenesis and are clinically translatable.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cardiovascular disease Cholesterol Drug discovery Liver X receptor Nuclear hormone receptor Type 2 diabetes

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Recent advances using cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols in ring-openingasymmetric synthesis

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Green synthesis and Catalysis 2022年第3期3卷 219-226页

作者： Hong Yan gregory s.smith Fen-Er Chen Institute of Pharmaceutical science and Technology College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Engineering Center of Catalysis and synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of ChemistryFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Chemistry University of Cape TownRondeboschCape Town 7700South Africa

Due to high ring strain energies,cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols have a strong tendency of breaking theendocyclic C–C bonds to participate in versatile organic *** an inherent three-dimensionalstructure,cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols have the advantage of synthesizing linear or cyclic molecules withstereogenic centers via ring-opening asymmetric *** are three strategies for the ring-opening ofcyclopropanols and cyclobutanols usually involved in asymmetric synthesis:1)β-carbon elimination of metalalkoxide;2)radical ring-opening;3)ring-opening via semipinacol *** present review has high-lighted the progress developed in the last five years.

关键词： Cyclopropanol Cyclobutanol Ring-opening C–C bond cleavage Asymmetric synthesis

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Peripheral nerve allograft:how innovation has changed surgical practice

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 154-170页

作者： gregory Buncke The Buncke Clinic San FranciscoCA 94114USA

The landscape of available technology and surgical technique has changed over the last several decades,thus leading to changes in the peripheral nerve repair surgical *** is a common procedure;however,it is well recognized that nerve repair should be performed tensionless,thus preventing the ability to perform direct repair with a nerve ***,nerve gaps were repaired with ***,autograft surgery has been associated with complications such as numbness and chronic pain,which left surgeons searching for *** allografts were first utilized in the 1800s but failed due to the immune *** the modern era,they were again utilized in the 1980s,but did not gain popularity because of the need for the use of *** was evident through the 1990s that continued innovation in peripheral nerve repair was needed,as studies showed that only approximately 50% of patients with nerve gap repair achieved good or excellent *** the 2000s,the advent of an engineered nerve allograft(Avance■Nerve Graft)changed the landscape of peripheral nerve *** clinical evaluation of Avance showed that adequate sensation was able to be achieved in nerve gaps up to 30 mm,providing an alternative to *** engineered nerve allograft use became more conventional,studies showed 87.3% meaningful recovery in nerve gaps up to 50 ***,recent studies have shown that gaps between 50-70 mm have shown 69% meaningful *** technology and surgical technique continue to improve,these results are promising for large nerve gap repair.

关键词： Peripheral nerve repair nerve autograft nerve allograft nerve conduit

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Efficient visual learning by bumble bees in virtual-reality conditions:size does not matter

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Insect science 2023年第6期30卷 1734-1748页

作者： gregory Lafon Marco Paoli Benjamin HPaffhausen Gabriela de Brito sanchez Mathieu Lihoreau Aurore Avarguès-Weber Martin Giurfa Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale Centre de Biologie Intégrative(CBI)University of ToulouseCNRSUPSToulouseFrance French Academy of sciences for University Professors Institut Universitaire de France(IUF)ParisFrance

Recent developments allowed establishing virtual-reality (VR) setups to study multiple aspects of visual learning in honey bees under controlled experimental conditions. Here, we adopted a VR environment to investigate the visual learning in the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris. Based on responses to appetitive and aversive reinforcements used for conditioning, we show that bumble bees had the proper appetitive motivation to engage in the VR experiments and that they learned efficiently elemental color discriminations. In doing so, they reduced the latency to make a choice, increased the proportion of direct paths toward the virtual stimuli and walked faster toward them. Performance in a short-term retention test showed that bumble bees chose and fixated longer on the correct stimulus in the absence of reinforcement. Body size and weight, although variable across individuals, did not affect cognitive performances and had a mild impact on motor performances. Overall, we show that bumble bees are suitable experimental subjects for experiments on visual learning under VR conditions, which opens important perspectives for invasive studies on the neural and molecular bases of such learning given the robustness of these insects and the accessibility of their brain.

关键词： Bombus terrestris bumble bees interindividual size/weight differences reinforcement responses visual learning virtual reality

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The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo Joseph Julian Teh Paul sweet Phil gregory Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American Museum of Natural History New YorkUSA sicklebill safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and Australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPs loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

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Transcranial electrical stimulation in neurological disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2221-2222页

作者： gregory L.Brown Michael T.Brown Neurished HersheyPAUSA

Increased lifespan is one of society’s greatest achievements,but this longevity increases the prevalence of diseases of aging,such as neurological ***,neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of deaths(Feigin et al.,2019).Furthermore,these diseases affect people in low-,medium-,and high-income countries(Feigin et al.,2019).Current technology to modify neurological burden is scarce,which poses numerous challenges for healthcare,global policy,and economic stability(Feigin et al.,2019).To face these challenges,brain stimulation technology,such as transcranial electrical stimulation(TEs),has displayed exciting *** et al.(2017)provide a detailed overview of the safety and application of ***,electrodes are attached to the head and a weak current(e.g.,1-2 mA)is applied through the scalp,skull,and into the brain for 10-30 minutes to activate neurons(Antal et al.,2017).The technique is extremely safe with no serious adverse effects reported from thousands of sessions(Antal et al.,2017).The most common side effects are a tingling/itching sensation or redness at the stimulation site(Antal et al.,2017).However,these side effects can be minimized by reducing the electrode-skin impedance,slowly ramping up and ramping down TEs,or using topical analgesics(Antal et al.,2017).The development of TEs may repair neural dysfunction and stem the oncoming incidence of neurodegenerative disease.

关键词： stimulation sensation electrical

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A Rare Case of Concordant Atrioventricular Connection to L-Looped Ventricles in situs solitus:4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3D Printing

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第4期17卷 387-392页

作者： gregory Perens Takegawa Yoshida J.Paul Finn UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital Children’s Heart CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Diagnostic Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory Department of Radiology12222 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA

An infant male presented with the rare anatomy consisting of situs solitus,concordant atrioventricular connections to L-looped ventricles,double outlet right ventricle(DORV),and hypoplastic aortic arch.6 months after neonatal aortic arch repair,the morphologic right ventricle function deteriorated,and surgical evaluation was undertaken to determine if either biventricular repair with a systemic morphologic left ventricle or right ventricular exclusion was *** initial echocardiography,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was used to create detailed axial and 4-dimensional(4D)images and 3-dimensional(3D)printed *** detailed anatomy of this rare,complex case and its use in pre-surgical planning is presented.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging cardiac segments 3D printing

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GrapevineXL reliably predicts multi-annual dynamics of vine water status, berry growth, and sugar accumulation in vineyards

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 56-69页

作者： Weiwei Yang Junqi Zhu Cornelis van Leeuwen Zhanwu Dai gregory AGambetta Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China EGFV Univ.BordeauxBordeaux Sciences AgroINRAEISVVVillenave d’Ornon33882France The Key Laboratory of special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization in Xinjiang Production and Construction Group College of AgricultureShihezi UniversityShihezi832000China The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Blenheim 7201New Zealand China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China

Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and *** models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge *** calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera *** Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,*** results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key *** running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(*** onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,***,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water ***,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.

关键词： sugar cultivar sugar

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Rotation and transposition flaps in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 466-479页

作者： sebastian sciegienka Andrea Hanick gregory Branham Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery Washington University in Saint LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive surgery Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryWashington University in Saint LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA

Reconstructive defects of the human face pose unique challenges to even the most experienced surgeon given their myriad of presentations and the individuality of each patient’s anatomy,clinical presentation,and perspective or preferences.A robust armamentarium of reconstructive options must be cultivated for each facial subunit so that experience and artistry can be best utilized to rebuild the patient’s structure and *** review will outline a subset of local rotation and transposition flaps that are most useful for facial reconstruction,organized by facial subunit.

关键词： Rotation transposition reconstruction local flap

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