检索结果-南通市图书馆

美国医学会眼科杂志（中文版） 2006年第4期18卷 250-250页

作者： Robert F. Mullins Kean T. Oh Edward Heffron gregory s. Hageman Edwin M. stone 陆遥（译）

目的：提供一例Best病患者临床病理结果。该患者51岁时的眼底镜检查记录正常。75岁临床诊断为Best病（典型病例多认为是年轻人的黄斑变性）。

关键词：临床诊断病理相关性病变卵黄眼底镜检查

Notes,outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Fungal Diversity 2019年第6期99卷 105-367页

作者： Mao-Qiang He Rui-Lin Zhao Kevin D.Hyde Dominik Begerow Martin Kemler Andrey Yurkov Eric H.C.McKenzie Olivier Raspe Makoto Kakishima santiago sanchez-Ramırez Else C.Vellinga Roy Halling Viktor Papp Ivan V.Zmitrovich Bart Buyck Damien Ertz Nalin N.Wijayawardene Bao-Kai Cui Nathan schoutteten Xin-Zhan Liu Tai-Hui Li Yi-Jian Yao Xin-Yu Zhu An-Qi Liu Guo-Jie Li Ming-Zhe Zhang Zhi-Lin Ling Bin Cao Vladimir Antonin Teun Boekhout Bianca Denise Barbosa da silva Eske De Crop Cony Decock Balint Dima Arun Kumar Dutta Jack W.Fell Jozsef Geml Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Admir J.Giachini Tatiana B.Gibertoni sergio P.Gorjon Danny Haelewaters shuang-Hui He Brendan P.Hodkinson Egon Horak Tamotsu Hoshino Alfredo Justo Young Woon Lim Nelson Menolli Jr Armin Mesic Jean-Marc Moncalvo gregory M.Mueller La szlo G.Nagy RHenrik Nilsson Machiel Noordeloos Jorinde Nuytinck Takamichi Orihara Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan Mario Rajchenberg Alexandre G.s.silva-Filho Marcelo Aloisio sulzbacher Zdenko Tkalcec Ricardo Valenzuela Annemieke Verbeken Alfredo Vizzini Felipe Wartchow Tie-Zheng Wei Michael WeiB Chang-Lin Zhao Paul M.Kirk state Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand College of Life sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408People’s Republic of China Ruhr-Universitat Bochum AG GeobotanikND03UniversitatsstraBe 15044801 BochumGermany Leibniz Institute DsMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures InhoffenstraBe 7B38124 BrunswickGermany Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Research Department Meise Botanic GardenNieuwelaan 381860 MeiseBelgium service General de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche scientifique Federation Wallonie-BruxellesLavallee 11080 BrusselsBelgium University of Tsukuba TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto25 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B2Canada Berkeley USA Institute of systematic Botany The New York Botanical GardenBronxNY 10458-5126USA Department of Botany Szent Istvan University1518 BudapestHungary Komarov Botanical Institute Russian Academy of SciencesProfessor Popov st.2Saint PetersburgRussia 197376 Institut pour systematique Ecologie Biodiversite(IsYEB UMR 7205) Sorbonne universiteMuseum National d’Histoire Naturelle CP 39CNRSDepartement Origines et Evolution12 Rue Buffon75005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Research Group MycologyGhent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 359000 GhentBelgium state Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology southern China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and ApplicationGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangzhou 510070People’s Republic of China Department of Botany Moravian Mu

The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the *** present work provides an overview of all validly published,currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single *** outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided,which includes 1928 currently used genera names,with 1263 synonyms,which are distributed in 241 families,68 orders,18 classes and four *** provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification,number of accepted species,type species,life mode,habitat,distribution,and sequence ***,three phylogenetic analyses with combined LsU,ssU,5.8s,rpb1,rpb2,and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina,Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted,*** time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders,168 families and 605 *** study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406-430 Mya,classes are 211-383 Mya,and orders are 99-323 Mya,which are largely consistent with previous *** this study,all phylogenetically supported families were dated,with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27-178 Mya,Pucciniomycotina from 85-222 Mya,and Ustilaginomycotina from 79-177 *** times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system,and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.

关键词： Classification Molecular clock Fungi systematics Taxonomy

炎症过程中载脂蛋白E亚型在星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的表达和分泌

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

神经损伤与功能重建 2021年第6期16卷 F0003-F0003页

作者： Maria Fe Lanfranco Jordy sepulveda gregory Kopetsky GWilliam Rebeck 杜一星(编译) Department of Neuroscience Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Department of Pharmacology&Physiology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columb iaUSA. 不详

神经炎症是神经退行性疾病的常见特征,受阿尔茨海默病危险因素载脂蛋白E(APOE)的调节。apoE蛋白在大脑中由星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞合成。在人类APOE(E2、E3和E4)靶向替代小鼠的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的原代培养物中,我们发现星形... 详细信息

神经炎症是神经退行性疾病的常见特征,受阿尔茨海默病危险因素载脂蛋白E(APOE)的调节。apoE蛋白在大脑中由星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞合成。在人类APOE(E2、E3和E4)靶向替代小鼠的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的原代培养物中,我们发现星形胶质细胞分泌2种apoE,而细胞内apoE只包含1种。2种形式的分泌型星形胶质细胞apoE在糖蛋白分离过程中均发生结合,酶促去除聚糖使2种形式的apoE融合为单一形式。因此,星形胶质细胞分泌的2种apoE是不同的糖基化的蛋白。小胶质细胞仅释放1种apoE,而细胞内apoE则由2种形式组成;分泌的apoE和2种细胞内apoE中的其中1种是糖基化的。我们用内源性肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)或外源性脂多糖(LPs)促炎刺激物处理原代培养的胶质细胞。LPs对星形细胞的apoE没有影响,而APOE2和APOE3小胶质细胞释放的apoE增加;对APOE4小胶质细胞也没有影响。与APOE2和APOE3小胶质细胞相比,APOE4小胶质细胞显示出更高的TNFα基线分泌。TNFα处理仅降低了APOE4星形胶质细胞中apoE的分泌和细胞表达。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞产生apoE种类的模式不受炎症的影响。2种处理后的星形胶质细胞中均未显示APOE mRNA的变化。总之,我们的数据表明,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞差异表达和分泌糖基化形式的apoE;并且相较于APOE2和APOE3,APOE4星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞在免疫调节方面存在缺陷。

关键词：阿尔茨海默病载脂蛋白E 胶质细胞炎症翻译后修饰

Cavernosal nerve functionality evaluation after magnetic resonance imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound treatment of the prostate

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Radiology 2015年第12期7卷 521-530页

作者： steffen sammet Ari Partanen Ambereen Yousuf Christina L sammet Emily V Ward Craig Wardrip Marek Niekrasz Tatjana Antic Aria Razmaria Keyvan Farahani shunmugavelu sokka gregory Karczmar Aytekin Oto Department of Radiology University of Chicago Committee on Medical Physics University of Chicago Department of Medical Imaging Lurie Children’s Hospital Department of surgery University of Chicago Department of Pathology University of Chicago National Cancer Institute

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organconfined prostate cancer. METHODs: In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) guidance was used for realtime multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity of cavernosal nerves was performed during prostatectomy with a nerve stimulator that measured tumescence response quantitatively and indicated intact cavernous nerve functionality. Planned sonication volumes were visually correlated to MRI ablation volumes and corresponding histo-pathological sections after prostatectomy. REsULTs: A total of 16 sonications were performed in 8 canines. MR images acquired before ultrasound treatment were used to localize the prostate and to prescribe sonication targets in all canines. Temperature elevations corresponded within 1 degree of the targeted sonication angle, as well as with the width and length of the active transducer elements. The ultrasound treatment procedures were automatically interrupted when the temperature in the target zone reached 56 ℃. In all canines erectile responses were evaluated with a cavernous nerve stimulator post-treatment and showed a tumescence response after stimulation with an electric current. These results i

关键词： Ultrasound therapy Thermal tissue ablation Prostate Magnetic resonance imaging guided therapy Intra-operative Histology Validation

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的重症监护处理：神经危重症监护学会多学科共识会议的推荐意见

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

国际脑血管病杂志 2013年第5期21卷 324-347页

作者： Michael N. Diringer Thomas P. Bleck J. Claude Hemphill David Menon Lori shutter Paul Vespa Nicolas Bruder E. sander Connolly Jr Giuseppe Citerio Daryl Gress Daniel Hanggi Brian L. Hoh Giuseppe Lanzino Peter Le Roux Alejandro Rabinstein, Erich schmut zhard Nino stocchetti Jose I. suarez Miriam Tresgiari Ming-Yuan Tseng Mervyn D. I. Vergouwen stefan Wolf gregory Zip fel 田飞(译) 宿英英(译) From the Neurology/Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit Washingion University St. Louis MO USA Rush Medical College Chicago IL USA University of California at san Francisco San Francisco CA USA University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA University of California at Los Angeles LOs Angeles CA USA Universit6 de la M.diterranae Marsedle France Columbia University New York NY USA san Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Heinrich-Heine University Dttsseldorf Germany University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA University Hospital Innsbruck lnnsbruck Austria Fondazione IRCCs Ch Granda- Ospedale Policlinico Milan University Milan Italy University of Washington St. Louis MO USA Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Nottingham University Hospitals Nottingham UK University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Freie Universitit Berlin Berlin Germany Washington University St. Louis MO USA 首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科北京100053

蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoidhemorrhage，sAH）是一种可对中枢神经系统造成毁灭性打击并对其他多个器官产生显著影响的急性脑血管病。sAH患者被常规收入重症监护病房并由多学科团队进行治疗。由于高质量研究证据的缺乏，使得治疗方法... 详细信息

蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoidhemorrhage，sAH）是一种可对中枢神经系统造成毁灭性打击并对其他多个器官产生显著影响的急性脑血管病。sAH患者被常规收入重症监护病房并由多学科团队进行治疗。由于高质量研究证据的缺乏，使得治疗方法各异，可供选择的指导意见不多。现有的指南主要强调危险因素、预防、自然史以及再出血的预防，很少涉及sAH患者的重症监护问题。美国神经危重症监护学会组织了一次国际性多学科共识会议来探讨sAH的重症监护处理。根据发表的文章和研究领域，此次会议召集了来自欧洲和北美地区的神经重症监护科、神经外科、神经内科、介入神经放射科和神经麻醉科方面的专家。根据临床经验和制定实践指南方面的经验，选择4名经验丰富的神经重症监护专家组成评判委员会。应用推荐分级的评估、制定与评价（GradesofRecommendationsAssessment，DevelopmentandEvaluation，GRADE）系统进行文献回顾，结合参会者的经验、评判委员会的审评以及文献讨论产生推荐意见。应用GRADE系统制定推荐意见，其制定原则不仅强调研究资料的质量，而且还重视利弊权衡与实践转化。对sAH患者日常处理过程中面临的所有问题均提供指导和推荐意见，即使缺乏高质量的证据。

关键词：蛛网膜下腔出血重症监护动脉瘤血管痉挛抗惊厥药低钠血症血管内发热

Protective and antifungal properties of Nanodisk-Amphotericin B over commercially available Amphotericin B

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2017年第1期3卷 -页

作者： Do-Yeon Cho Kyle J.Hoffman Gobind s.Gill Dong-Jin Lim Daniel skinner Calvin Mackey steven M.Rowe Bradford A.Woodworth Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSAGregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck surgery University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSADepartments of MedicinePediatricsCell Developmental and Integrative BiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Objective:Amphotericin B (AMB),a potent antifungal agent,has been employed as topical and systemic therapy for sinonasal fungal infections.A novel formulation of nanodisc (ND) containing super aggregated AMB (ND-AMB) for the treatment of fungal infections has been recently developed to provide greater protection from AMB toxicity than current,clinically approved lipid-based *** objective of the current study was to evaluate the safety and potency of ND-AMB for sinonasal delivery using an in vitro ***:Human sinonasal tissue was harvested during endoscopic sinus surgery and grown at air-liquid interface until *** were exposed to ND-AMB vs AMB and changes in K+ permeability and resistance were measured and recorded via Ussing chamber *** beat frequency (CBF) was analyzed in parallel as well as cytotoxic *** was assessed using real-time PCR measurement of the Aspergillus fumigatus 18s ***:Ussing chamber studies revealed K+ currents that increased rapidly within 30 s of adding AMB (10 μg/mL) to the apical side,indicating apical membranes had become permeable to K+ *** contrast,negligible induction of K+ current was obtained following addition of NDAMB [AMB =(107.7 ± 15.9) μA/cm2 AMB vs ND-AMB =(2.3 ± 0.7) μA/cm2 ND-AMB;P =0.005].ND-AMB also protected nasal epithelial cells from cytotoxicity of AMB (P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in ciliary beat frequency between the two groups (P =0.96).The expression of *** 18s rRNA with exposure of lower dose of ND-AMB was significantly lower compared to that with AMB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:Data from the present study suggests ND-AMB protects human nasal epithelia membranes from AMB toxicity by protecting against apical cell K+ permeability while maintaining uncompromised antifungal property compared to ***-AMB could provide a novel topical therapy for sinonasal fungal diseases.

关键词： Chronic rhinosinusitis Amphotericin Drug delivery Transepithelial ion transport sinusitis sinus epithelium Mucociliary clearance Ciliary beat frequency

体外循环手术应用血液过滤比类固醇更易早期拔管

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

国外医学（麻醉学与复苏分册） 2004年第5期25卷 315-319页

作者： William C.Oliver Jr. gregory A.Nuttall M.D. Thomas A.Orszulak M.D. William R.Bamlet Martin D.Abel M.D. Mark H.Ereth M.D. Hartzell V.schaff M.D. 张林 M.D. Associate Professor of Anesthesiology Professor of surgery Mayo Medical school Rochester Minnesota. M.s.W. statistician Biostatistics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota. 徐州医学院江苏省麻醉学重点实验室

背景:体外循环期间炎症级联反应的激活被认为是术后肺功能衰竭和长期机械通气的原因.本研究的目的是观察体外循环手术期间应用血液过滤和类固醇,能否能减轻炎症反应从而减轻心脏外科手术后机械通气的持续时间.

关键词：体外循环手术血液过滤类固醇早期拔管术后肺功能衰竭长期机械通气目的背景应用

Predictive Model to Evaluate Accommodation of Conflict Management strategies and Board Performance of Oil and Gas Companies in Port Harcourt

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Management science & Engineering Research 2021年第2期4卷 1-8页

作者： Eluozo s.N. Ukpong Uwem Johnson Eluozo.s. Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringGregory UniversityUturu Abia StateNigeria Department of Management sciences Akwa Ibom State UniversityNigeria Department of marketing IgnatusAjuru UniversityPort HarcourtNigeria

This paper evaluates accommodation of conflict management strategies and board performances in oil and gas *** study details the reflection of effectiveness,efficiency and productivity as the answer to thorough efficiency in accommodation of conflict management in oil and gas sector,these parameters in the system express their efficacy on conflict management in these multinationals,this implies that for thorough efficiency,these variables must work simultaneously for effective and efficient in structural organization that can be a leading multinational sector in oil and gas *** study observed Linearized result from graphical representation explaining predominant lower efficiency and little higher efficiency in accommodation of conflict management in oil and gas *** experiences from the study monitor the system from generated simulation values that describe the growth rates in exponential phase of accommodation conflict strategic *** exponential phase the results experienced lower parameters,when comparing on its variations showing its poor efficiency as observed in the *** periods observed higher effective accommodation on conflict strategic *** developed model stimulation values were subjected to validation and both parameters generated favourable fits correlation,the study expressed the deficiency on accommodation of conflict management strategy thus developed models that can monitor the fluctuation and progressive state of accommodation on conflict management strategy,it defines the reflection of other parameters that express the behaviour of the system in terms of conceptual approach to monitor these type of strategic management in oil and gas companies.

关键词： Predictive model conflict management Board performance oil and gas

门诊手术麻醉协会关于手术后恶心呕吐的处理指南

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

麻醉与镇痛 2008年第6期4卷 12-26,43页

作者： Tong J. Gan, MD Tricia A. Meyer, PharmD, Ms Christian C. Apfel, MD, PhD Frances Chung, FRCPC Peter J. Davis, MD Ashraf s. Habib, MB, FRCA Vallire D. Hooper,MsN, RN, CPAN, FAAN Anthony L. Kovac,MD Peter Kranke, MD, PhD, MBA Paul Myles, MD Beverly K. Philip, MD gregory samsa, PhD Daniel I. sessler, MD James Temo, CRNA, MsN, MBA Martin R. Tramer, MD, DPhil Craig Vander Kolk,MD Mehernoor Watcha, MD 谢郭豪(译) 方向明(校) Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Consultant Anesthesiologist University of Wuerzburg WuerzburgGermany Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care UCSF Medical Center at Mt. Zion San FranciscoCalifornia Department of Anesthesia University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Anesthesi-ology and Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania school of Nurs-ing Medical College of Georgia Augusta Georgia Department of Anesthesiology University of KansasMedical Center Kansas City Kansas Consultant Anesthesiologist University of Wuerzburg WuerzburgGermam Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Alfred Hospital Monash University Mel-bourne Australia Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Brigham and Women'sHospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina Department of OUTCOMEs REsEARCH TheCleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio Duke University Nurse Anesthetist Program Durham North Caro-lina Division of Anesthesiology Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine Geneva Switzer-land Department of surgery Division of Plastic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Bal-timore Maryland Department of Anesthesiology Texas Children's Hospital Houston Texas 不详

本指南是在门诊手术麻醉协会发起下，由国际专家组编撰而成。该专家组成员涉及与手术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）相关的多个学科，他们审慎的评估了当前关于PONV的医学文献，为PONV高风险的成年及儿童外科手术患者提供了循证医学的参考工具。... 详细信息

本指南是在门诊手术麻醉协会发起下，由国际专家组编撰而成。该专家组成员涉及与手术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）相关的多个学科，他们审慎的评估了当前关于PONV的医学文献，为PONV高风险的成年及儿童外科手术患者提供了循证医学的参考工具。指南的重点是识别成人及儿童患者中发生PONV的危险因素；推荐降低PONV基础风险的方法；甄别出对PONV进行预防性治疗最为有效的单一药物及联合用药方案；推荐对已发生的PONV的治疗方法；并为具有较高PONV风险的患者提供了处理流程。

关键词：手术后恶心呕吐手术麻醉指南协会门诊 PONV 外科手术患者联合用药方案

短暂性脑缺血发作的定义和评价:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会、心血管外科和麻醉委员会、心血管放射学和介入委员会、心血管护理委员会和外周血管病跨学科委员会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明:美国神经病学学会确认该声明作为神经科医生继续教育工具的价值

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

国际脑血管病杂志 2009年第9期17卷 643-660页

作者： J.Donald Easton Jeffrey L.saver gregory W.Albers Mark J.Alberts seemant Chaturvedi Edward Feldmann Thomas s.Hatsukami Randall T.Higashida s.Claibome Johnston Chelsea s.Kidwell Helmi L.Lutsep Elaine Miller Ralph L.sacco 李海峰(译) 高翔(译) 不详青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,TIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料... 详细信息

本科学声明面向为短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,TIA)患者提供医疗诊治的临床医生和相关医疗卫生人员。采用正规的证据复习方法对1990-2007年7月期间Medline数据库进行系统的文献检索,并运用证据表、汇总分析和病例资料的合并分析,对数据进行综合处理。本文支持以下基于组织学的TIA定义:局灶性脑、脊髓或视网膜缺血引起的短暂性神经功能障碍发作,且无急性脑梗死。TIA患者的近期卒中风险较高,可根据临床量表、血管影像学和磁共振弥散加权成像进行风险分层。诊断推荐包括:TIA患者应在发病24h内接受神经影像学评价,最好是应用包括弥散序列在内的MRI;应进行无创性颈部血管成像检查,最好是无创性颅内血管成像;对于未能确定血管病因的患者,TIA发病后应尽快进行心电图检查,也应考虑持续心电监测和超声心动图检查;应进行常规血液化验;对于发病72h内就诊并且ABCD^(2)评分≥3分(提示近期复发风险较高)或在门诊不能迅速完成诊断评价的TIA患者,应收入院治疗。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明脑脑缺血缺血卒中短暂性脑缺血发作急性卒中综合征急性脑血管综合征