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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 26-33页

作者： Xiangqing Sun Zhengyi Chen gregory S Cooper Nathan A Berger Claudia Coulton Li Li Department of Family Medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center ClevelandOhioUSA Case Comprehensive Cancer Center ClevelandOhioUSA Jack Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA

Objective Neighbourhood deprivation increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia and contributes to racial disparities observed in this *** race-specific advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)prediction models that include neighbourhood socioeconomic status has the potential to improve the accuracy of *** The study includes 1457 European Americans(EAs)and 936 African Americans(AAs)aged 50–80 years undergoing screening ***-specific ACN risk prediction models were developed for EAs and AAs,*** Deprivation Index(ADI),derived from 17 variables of neighbourhood socioeconomic status,was evaluated by adding it to the ACN risk prediction *** accuracy was evaluated by concordance statistic(C-statistic)for discrimination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for *** With fewer predictors,the EA-specific and AA-specific prediction models had better prediction accuracy in the corresponding race/ethnic subpopulation than the overall *** with the overall model which had poor calibration(P_(Calibration)=0.053 in the whole population and P_(Calibration)=0.011 in AAs),the EA model had C-statistic of 0.655(95%CI 0.594 to 0.717)and P_(Calibration)=0.663;and the AA model had C-statistic of 0.637((95%CI 0.572 to 0.702)and P_(Calibration)=*** was a significant predictor of ACN in EAs(OR=1.24((95%CI 1.03 to 1.50),P=0.029),but not in AAs(OR=1.07((95%CI 0.89 to 1.28),P=0.487).Adding ADI to the EA-specific ACN prediction model substantially improved ACN calibration accuracy of the prediction across area deprivation groups(P_(Calibration)=0.924 with ADI vs P_(Calibration)=0.140 without ADI)in *** Neighbourhood socioeconomic status is an important factor to consider in ACN risk prediction ***,non-race-specific prediction models have poor ***-specific prediction models incorporating neighbourhood socioeconomic factors are needed to improve ACN predicti

关键词： colorectal neoplasia prediction

Association between Exposure to Metals during Pregnancy,Childhood Gut Microbiome,and Risk of Intestinal Inflammation in Late Childhood

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 739-749页

作者： Vishal Midya Manasi Agrawal Jamil M.Lane Chris Gennings Leonid Tarassishin Libni A.Torres-Olascoaga joseph Eggers Jill K.gregory Mellissa Picker Inga Peter Jeremiah J.Faith Manish Arora Martha M.Tellez-Rojo Robert O.Wright Jean-Frederic Colombel Shoshannah Eggers Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease(PREDICT) Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityCopenhagen 9220Denmark Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Center for Research on Nutrition and Health National Institute of Public HealthCuernavaca 62508Mexico Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public HealthIowa City 52242 IowaUnited States Instructional Technology Group Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York 10029-6574New YorkUnited States

Alterations to the gut microbiome and exposure to metals during pregnancy have been suggested to impact inflammatory bowel ***,how prenatal exposure to metals eventually results in long-term effects on the gut microbiome,leading to subclinical intestinal inflammation,particularly during late childhood,has not been *** is also unknown whether such an interactive effect drives a specific subgroup of children toward elevated susceptibility to intestinal *** used an amalgamation of machine-learning techniques with a regression-based framework to explore if children with distinct sets of gut microbes and certain patterns of exposure to metals during pregnancy(metal−microbial clique signature)had a higher likelihood of intestinal inflammation,measured based on fecal calprotectin(FC)in late *** obtained samples from a well-characterized longitudinal birth cohort from Mexico City(n=108),*** the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,11 metals were measured in whole *** microbial abundances and FC were measured in stool samples from children 9−11 years of *** FC was defined as having FC above 100μg/g of *** identified subgroups of children in whom microbial and metal−microbial clique signatures were associated with elevated FC(false discovery rate(FDR)<0.05).In particular,we found two metal−microbial clique signatures significantly associated with elevated FC:(1)low cesium(Cs)and copper(Cu)in the third trimester and low relative abundance of Eubacterium ventriosum(OR[95%CI]:10.27[3.57,29.52],FDR<0.001)and(2)low Cu in the third trimester and high relative abundances of Roseburia inulinivorans and Ruminococcus torques(OR[95%CI]:7.21[1.81,28.77],FDR<0.05).This exploratory study demonstrates that children with specific gut microbes and specific exposure patterns to metals during pregnancy may have higher fecal calprotectin levels in late childhood,denoting an elevated risk of intestinal inflammation.

关键词： exposome metals machine learning microbiome environmental epidemiology intestinal inflammation

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater):Geographic variation,taxonomy,a"new"population,and an enduring mystery in migration

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 467-477页

作者： Leo joseph Julian Teh Paul Sweet Phil gregory Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO National Research Collections AustraliaCanberra2601Australia American Museum of Natural History New YorkUSA Sicklebill Safaris TopazQueensland4885Australia

The Black-winged Monarch(Monarcha frater)inhabits low-mid elevation forests across New Guinea and far northeastern *** its four recognized subspecies,*** is migratory,breeding in tropical north-eastern Australia from approximately November–*** non-breeding range of ***,apart from some individuals overwintering in Australia,has been unknown for>100 *** from 194 New Guinean and Australian specimens and a literature review have not solved this mystery;the narrow latitudinal range of the intratropical migration may inhibit use of GPS loggers in resolving the migration *** work in central and western parts of southern New Guinea is *** data,however,revealed an essentially overlooked population in north-western New Guinea east of the Bird's Head Peninsula phenotypically indistinguishable from nominate *** of that *** genomic analysis of the complex will be largely done from toepad skin because frozen tissue samples for DNA analysis exist only of four individuals of what we suggest should be elevated to species rank as *** discuss how genomic analysis might distinguish among alternative taxonomic hypotheses of one,two or three *** suggest English names for what we consider to be three diagnosable taxa worth recognizing at species rank in this group:Arfak Monarch corresponding to ***(Bird's Head Peninsula and the“new”population of north-western New Guinea);Pearly Monarch for ***(Australia and still unknown non-breeding range),and Masked Monarch for ***(including kunupi,elsewhere in New Guinea).

关键词： Australia Migration monarch flycatcher Monarcha frater New Guinea Taxonomy

From thermal conductive to thermal insulating:Effect of carbon vacancy content on lattice thermal conductivity of ZrC_(x)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 105-113页

作者： Yue Zhou William G.Fahrenholtz joseph Graham gregory E.Hilmas Department of Materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

Lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide(ZrC_(x),x=1,0.75 and 0.5)ceramics with different carbon vacancy concentrations were calculated using a combination of first-principles calculations and the Debye-Callaway *** Gruneisen parameters,Debye temperatures,and phonon group velocities were deduced from phonon dispersions of ZrC_(x) determined using first-principles *** addition,the effects of average atomic mass,grain size,average atomic volume and Zr isotopes on the lattice thermal conductivities of ZrC_(x) were analyzed using phonon scattering *** lattice thermal conductivity decreased as temperature increased for ZrC,ZrC_(0.75) and ZrC_(0.5)(Zr2 C),and decreased as carbon vacancy concentration ***,ZrC_(x) can be tailored from a thermal conducting material for ZrC with high lattice thermal conductivity to a thermal insulating material for ZrC_(0.5) with low lattice thermal ***,it opens a window to tune the thermal properties of ZrC_(x) by controlling the carbon vacancy content.

关键词： Zirconium carbide Lattice thermal conductivity Theoretical study First-principle calculations

A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1052-1059页

作者： Antonio Merolli Yong Mao gregory Voronin joseph A.M.Steele N.Sanjeeva Murthy Joachim Kohn New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey In Vivo Research Services Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey

Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however,that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells,we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular *** our "suspended wire model", the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses(hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor's consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.

关键词： Schwann cell carbon fiber myelination electrical impulse artificial axon in vitro system Arduino microcontroller myelin basic protein

Plant Programmed Cell Death Caused by an Autoactive Form of Prf Is Suppressed by Co-Expression of the Prf LRR Domain

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1058-1067页

作者： Xinran Du Min Miao Xinrong Ma Yongsheng Liu joseph C. Kuhl gregory B. Martin Fangming Xiao Department of Plant. Soil and Entomoloqical Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844. USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment College of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academia of Sciences Chengdu 610064 China School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

In tomato, the NBARC-LRR resistance （R） protein Prf acts in concert with the Pto or Fen kinase to determine immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato （Pst）. Prf-mediated defense signaling is initiated by the recognition of two sequence-unrelated Pst-secreted effector proteins, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, by tomato Pto or Fen. Prf detects these inter- actions and activates signaling leading to host defense responses including localized programmed cell death （PCD） that is associated with the arrest of Pst growth. We found that Prf variants with single amino acid substitutions at D1416 in the IHD motif （isoleucine-histidine-aspartic acid） in the NBARC domain cause effector-independent PCD when transiently expressed in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, suggesting D1416 plays an important role in activation of Prf. The N-ter- minal region of Prf （NPrf） and the LRR domain are required for this autoactive Prf cell death signaling but dispensable for accumulation of the PrfD1416V protein. Significantly, co-expression of the Prf LRR but not NPrf, with PrfD1416v, AvrPto/Pto, AvrPtoB/Pto, an autoactive form of Pro （PtoY207D）, or Fen completely suppresses PCD. However, the Prf LRR does not in- terfere with PCD caused by Rpi-blblD475v a distinct R protein-mediated PCD signaling event, or that caused by overex- pression of MAPKKKα, a protein acting downstream of Prf. Furthermore, we found the PrfD1416V protein is unable to accumulate in plant cells when co-expressed with the Prf LRR domain, likely explaining the cell death suppression. The mechanism for the LRR-induced degradation of PrfD1416V is unknown but may involve interference in the intramo- lecular interactions of Prf or to binding of the unattached LRR to other host proteins that are needed for Prf stability.

关键词： NBARC-LRR resistance protein Prf Pto Fen AvrPto AvrPtoB cell death.

Digital earth:yesterday,today,and tomorrow

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1022-1072页

作者： Alessandro Annoni Stefano Nativi ArzuÇöltekin Cheryl Desha Eugene Eremchenko Caroline M.Gevaert gregory Giuliani Min Chen Luis Perez-Mora joseph Strobl Stephanie Tumampos International Society for Digital Earth BeijingPeople’s Republic of China National Research Council RomeItaly University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW School of EngineeringInstitute of Interactive Technologies IITBrugg-WindischSwitzerland Nathan Campus Griffith UniversityCities Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Department of Earth Observation Science University of TwenteTwenteThe Netherland Institute for Environmental Sciences/enviroSPACE University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Cities Research Institute Nathan CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Department of Geoinformatics University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Chair of Remote Sensing Technology Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Big Geospatial Data Management Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

The concept of Digital Earth(DE)was formalized by Al Gore in *** that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite *** then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our *** creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE.‘What is DE today?’,‘What could DE be in the future?’,and‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’.To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological,scientific,social,and economic aspects,but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its *** understanding the lessons learned from the past,it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges,and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a‘Digital Earth for all’.This article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions,illustrates what has been achieved so far,explains the impact of digital transformation,illustrates the new vision,and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation.

关键词： Digital Earth digital transformation sustainable development data governance and ethic citizen empowerment and industry engagement

Protein kinase inhibitors affect spermatogenic functions and blood testis barrier remodelling:A scoping review

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2023年第3期12卷 97-108页

作者： Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo Onome Bright Oghenetega Falajiki Yewande Faith Emojevwe Victor Rotu Arientare Rume joseph gregory Uchechukwu Oyeleke Abiodun Abioye Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesAdeleke UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical ScienceBabcock UniversityIllisan-RomoOgun StateNigeria Department of Physiology University of Medical SciencesOndo StateNigeria Department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanOyo StateNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Adeleke UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria Department of Physiology Federal University Oye-EkitiNigeria

Objective:To identify the role of protein kinase in male reproduction in animal models and human spermatogenic ***:This study assessed the protein kinase of male reproduction in animal models and human using different reviewed paper indexed in PubMed,Science Direct,EBSCO,Scopus,Cochrane Library,Sage Journals,and Google *** were charted based on author,year of publication published between 1893 and 2023,country,purpose,data collection,key findings,and research focus/***:The MAPK pathway contributed to the growth,maturation,and functionality of male germ *** also found out that certain influencing factors categorized into hormonal/non hormonal factors and chemotoxicant,as well as heat stress expressed an inhibitory mechanism on protein kinase,thus affecting spermatogenic functions and maintenance/remodeling of the blood testis barrier,as well as the physiology of the Sertoli cells necessary for nutritional support of ***,activating protein kinases pathway like the mTOR pathway as well as increased expression of peroxiredoxin-4 and L-carnitine mediated protein kinases may be useful for treating or managing male reproductive ***:Protein kinase plays an important role in spermatogenic functions and blood testis remodeling in animal and *** assessment provides essential information that can guide treatment strategies aimed at improving male reproductive *** together,these recent advances highlight a future therapeutic intervention in assessing male reproductive *** might also be possible to look at potential targets for male contraceptives in the MAPK pathway.

关键词： Spermatogenesis Protein kinase Inhibitors Sertoli cells Capacitation mTOR

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coinfection with Malaria in Selected States in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 442-455页

作者： Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina Olufemi Samuel Amoo Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Adewale Kayode Ojogbede Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe David Ayoola Oladele Adesola Zaidat Musa Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele Celestina Onyinye Okoyenta Abideen Olurotimi Salako Toyosi Yekeen Raheem Ifeoma Eugenia Idigbe Fehintola Anthonia Ige joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu gregory Aigbe Ohihoin Kikelomo Wright Bisola Adebayo Hussein Abdu-Razzaq Abdulrahman Ahmad Mustapha Imam Bashir Bello Tambuwal Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir Richard Ikwuogu Christian Tetsola Gloria Patrick-Ferife Nathaniel Enamuotor Mildred Okowa William Nwachukwu Cornelius Ohonsi Magdalene Egede Chinwe Ochu Ehimario Igumbor Oliver Chukwujekwu Ezechi Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Biochemistry and Nutrition Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Monitoring and Evaluation Unit Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Public Health and Epidemiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University College of Medicine Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Research Unit Lagos State Ministry of Health Lagos Nigeria Sokoto State Ministry of Health Sokoto Nigeria Department of Medical Biochemistry Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Delta State Ministry of Health Asaba Nigeria Nigeria Centre for Disease Control Abuja Nigeria Center for Infectious Disease Research Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Malaria Coinfection