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Proximal and distal esophageal sensitivity is decreased in patients with Barrett’s esophagus

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第4期17卷 514-521页

作者： Anne L Kraru Sφren S Olesen Peter Funch-Jensen Hans gregersen Asbjφrn M Drewes Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg Hospital Aarhus University Hospital Department of Surgery L Aarhus University Hospital

AIM: To investigate sensations to multimodal pain stimulation in the metaplastic and normal parts of the esophagus in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). METHODS: Fifteen patients with BE and 15 age-matched healthy volunteers were subjected to mechanical, thermal and electrical pain stimuli of the esophagus. Both the metaplastic part and the normal part (4 and 14 cm, respectively, above the esophago-gastric junction) were examined. At sensory thresholds the stimulation intensity, referred pain areas, and evoked brain potentials were recorded. RESULTS: Patients were hyposensitive to heat stimulation both in the metaplastic part [median stimulation time to reach the pain detection threshold: 15 (12-34) s vs 14 (6-23) s in controls; F = 4.5, P = 0.04] and the normal part of the esophagus [median 17 (6-32) s vs 13 (8-20) s in controls; F = 6.2, P = 0.02]. Furthermore, patients were hyposensitive in the metaplastic part of the esophagus to mechanical distension [median volume at moderate pain: 50 (20-50) mL vs 33 (13-50) mL in controls; F = 5.7, P = 0.02]. No indication of central nervous system abnormalities was present, as responses were comparable between groups to electrical pain stimuli in the metaplastic part [median current evoking moderate pain: 13 (6-26) mA vs 12 (9-24) mA in controls; F = 0.1, P = 0.7], and in the normal part of the esophagus [median current evoking moderate pain: 9 (6-16) mA, vs 11 (5-11) mA in controls; F = 3.4, P = 0.07]. Furthermore, no differences were seen for the referred pain areas (P-values all > 0.3) or latencies and amplitudes for the evoked brain potentials (P-values all > 0.1). CONCLUSION: Patients with BE are hyposensitive both in the metaplastic and normal part of esophagus likely as a result of abnormalities affecting peripheral nerve pathways.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Heat Multimodal Pain Sensitivity

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Nanocomposite membranes with high-charge and size-screened phosphorylated nanocellulose fibrils for CO_(2)separation

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Green Energy & Environment 2021年第4期6卷 585-596页

作者： Ragne Marie Lilleby Helberg Jonathan Ø.Torstensen Zhongde Dai Saravanan Janakiram Gary Chinga-Carrasco Øyvind W.gregersen Kristin Syverud Liyuan Deng Department of Chemical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim7491Norway RISE PFI Trondheim7491Norway

In this study,cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)of high charge(H-P-CNF)and screened size(H-P-CNF-S)were fabricated by increasing the charge of phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils(P-CNFs)during the pre-treatment step of CNF *** show that the H-P-CNF have a significantly higher charge(3.41 mmol g^(-1))compared with P-CNF(1.86 mmol g^(-1)).Centrifugation of H-P-CNF gave a supernatant with higher charge(5.4 mmol g^(-1))and a reduced size(H-P-CNF-S).These tailored nanocelluloses were added to polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solutions and the suspensions were successfully coated on porous polysulfone(PSf)supports to produce thin-film nanocomposite *** humid mixed gas permeation tests show that CO_(2)permeability increases for membranes with the addition of H-P-CNF-S by 52%and 160%,compared with the P-CNF/PVA membrane and neat PVA membrane,respectively.

关键词： CO_(2)separation Nanocellulose Phosphorylated CNF PVA Nanocomposite TFC membrane

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Sensory-motor responses to mechanical stimulation of the esophagus after sensitization with acid

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第28期11卷 4367-4374页

作者： Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Hariprasad Reddy Camilla Staahl Jan Pedersen Peter Funch-Jensen Lars Arendt-Nielsen Hans gregersen Center for Biomechanics and Pain Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg HospitalAarhus University HospitalAalborgDenmark Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L Aarhus University Hospital AarhusDenmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

AIM: Sensitization most likely plays an important role in chronic pain disorders, and such sensitization can be mimicked by experimental acid perfusion of the *** current study systematically investigated the sensory and motor responses of the esophagus to controlled mechanical stimuli before and after ***: Thirty healthy subjects were *** of the distal esophagus with a balloon was performed before and after perfusion with 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 30 min. An impedance planimetry system was used to measure cross-sectional area,volume, pressure, and tension during the distensions. A new model allowed evaluation of the phasic contractions by the tension during contractions as a function of the initial muscle length before the contraction (comparable to the Frank-Starling law for the heart). Length-tension diagrams were used to evaluate the muscle tone before and after relaxation of the smooth muscle with ***: The sensitization resulted in allodynia and hyperalgesia to the distension volumes, and the degree of sensitization was related to the infused volume of acid. Furthermore, a nearly 50% increase in the evoked referred pain was seen after sensitization. The mechanical analysis demonstrated hyper-reactivity of the esophagus following acid perfusion, with an increased number and force of the phasic contractions, but the muscle tone did not ***: Acid perfusion of the esophagus sensitizes the sensory pathways and facilitates secondary *** new model can be used to study abnormal sensorymotor mechanisms in visceral organs.

关键词： Esophagus Mechanical Sensitization Motility Reflux Pain

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Advanced imaging and visualization in gastrointestinal disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1408-1421页

作者： Odd Helge Gilja Jan G Hatlebakk Svein φdegaard Arnold Berstad Ivan Viola Christopher Giertsen Trygve Hausken Hans gregersen National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University HospitalNorwayInstitute of Medicine3Institute of Informatics University of Bergen Bergen Norway Institute of Medicine 3Institute of Informatics University of Bergen Bergen Norway National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University HospitalNorwayInstitute of Medicine3Institute of Informatics University of Bergen Bergen Norway Institute of Informatics University of BergenBergenNorway Christian michelsen Research AS Bergen Norway National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Haukeland University HospitalNorwayInstitute of Medicine3Institute of Informatics University of Bergen Bergen Norway Institute of Medicine 3Institute of Informatics University of BergenBergen NorwayCenter foe Visceral Biomechanics and PainAalborg Hospital and Center for Sensory-motor InteractionAalborg universityDenmark

Advanced medical imaging and visualization has a strong impact on research and clinical decision making in gastroenterology. The aim of this paper is to show how imaging and visualization can disclose structural and functional abnormalities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Imaging methods such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopy, endosonography, and elastography will be outlined and visualization with Virtual Reality and haptic methods. Ultrasonography is a versatile method that can be used to evaluate antral contractility, gastric emptying, transpyloric flow, gastric configuration, intragastric distribution of meals, gastric accommodation and strain measurement of the gastric wall. Advanced methods for endoscopic ultrasound, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound, and tissue Doppler (Strain Rate Imaging) provide detailed information of the GI tract. Food hypersensitivity reactions including gastrointestinal reactions due to food allergy can be visualized by ultrasonography and MRI. Development of multi-parametric and multi-modal imaging may increase diagnostic benefits and facilitate fusion of diagnostic and therapeutic imaging in the future.

关键词： Ultrasonography Medical imaging Functional imaging Elasticity

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High shear stress induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation through angiogenesis

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第4期3卷 257-267页

作者： Yi Wang Juhui Qiu Shisui Luo Xiang Xie Yiming Zheng Kang Zhang Zhiyi Ye Wanqian Liu Hans gregersen GuixueWang Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400030China Taiji Group Co LtdChongqing401147China

Rupture of atherosclerotic plaques causing thrombosis is the main cause of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic *** of thrombosis is one of the important tasks developing biomedical materials such as intravascular stents and vascular *** stress(SS)influences the formation and development of *** current review focuses on the vulnerable plaques observed in the high shear stress(HSS)regions,which localizes at the proximal region of the plaque intruding into the *** vascular outward remodelling occurs in the HSS region for vascular compensation and that angiogenesis is a critical factor for HSS which induces atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque *** results greatly challenge the established belief that low shear stress is important for expansive remodelling,which provides a new perspective for preventing the transition of stable plaques to high-risk atherosclerotic lesions.

关键词： high shear stress angiogenesis outward remodelling vulnerable plaque vascular smooth muscle cells

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Effect of Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of small intestine in experimental diabetic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第44期12卷 7149-7154页

作者： Hong Sha Jing-Bo Zhao Zhi-Yuan Zhang Shui-Ping Zhou Xiao-Lin Tong Feng-Yuan Zhuang Hans gregersen China-Japan Friendship Hospital Beijing 100029 China Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital DK 9000 Aalborg Denmark Bioengineering Department Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 37 Xueyuan Rd. Beijing 100083 China

AIM： To investigate the effect of a Chinese medicine, Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji （KYQWJJ） used for diabetic treatment, on the morphometry and residual strain distribution of the small intestine in streptozotocin （STZ） -induced diabetic rats. Correlation analysis was also performed between the opening angle and residual strain with the blood glucose level. METHODS： Forty-two male Wistar rats weighing 220-240 g were included in this study. Thirty-two STZ- induced diabetic rats were subdivided into four groups （n = 8 in each group）, i.e. diabetic control group （DM）; high dose of KYQWJJ （T1, 36g/kg per day）; low dose of KYQWJJ （T2, 17 g/kg per day） and Gliclazide （T3, 50 mg/kg per day）. Another ten rats were used as nondiabetic control （CON）. The medicines were poured directly into stomach lumen by gastric lavage twice daily. The rats of CON and DM groups were only poured the physiological saline. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured. Experimental period was 35 d. At the end of experiment, three 5-cm long segments were harvested from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Three rings of 1-2 mm in length for no-load and zero-stress state tests were cut from the middle of different segments. The morphometric data, such as the circumferential length, the wall thickness and the opening angle were measured from the digitized images of intestinal segments in the no-load state and zerostress state. The residual strain was computed from the morphometry data. Furthermore, the linear regression analysis was performed between blood glucose level with morphometric and biomechanical data in the different intestinal segments. RESULTS： The blood glucose level of DM group was consistent 4-fold to 5-fold higher than those in CON group during the experiment （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 3.44 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P 〈 0.001）. The blood glucose level in the T1 （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 11.08 ± 2.67 mmol/L, P 〈 0.01） and T3 groups （16.89 ± 1.11 vs 13.54 ± 1.73 mmol/L, P 〈 0.05）, but not in T2 group （P 〉 0.05）

关键词： Diabetes Intestine Kaiyu Qingwei Jianji Residual strain Rat

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正常大鼠小肠残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系

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中国生物医学工程学报 2003年第1期22卷 60-64,36页

作者：赵静波窦艳玲庄逢源 Hans gregersen 中日友好临床医学研究所北京100029 奥尔堡大学和奥尔堡医院生物力学实验室

小肠消化吸收的正常进行取决于其正常的生理功能和生物力学功能。我们测定和计算了正常大鼠各段小肠 (十二指肠 ,空肠和回肠 )的残余应变及小肠各层的厚度 ,并分析了小肠各段的展开角和残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系。结果表明 ... 详细信息

小肠消化吸收的正常进行取决于其正常的生理功能和生物力学功能。我们测定和计算了正常大鼠各段小肠 (十二指肠 ,空肠和回肠 )的残余应变及小肠各层的厚度 ,并分析了小肠各段的展开角和残余应变与小肠各层组织结构的相关关系。结果表明 ,各肠段的残余应变在内壁 (粘膜面 )为压应变 (负值 )而在外壁 (浆膜面 )为拉应变 (正值 )。内壁和外壁残余应变的绝对值在十二指肠最大 ,而在回肠最小。相关关系分析表明 ,肠壁残余应变的大小与肠粘膜和粘膜下层的厚度高度相关 ,而与肠壁肌层的厚度无明显相关。本文对研究结果和意义进行了讨论。

关键词：残余应变相关关系小肠大鼠

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Three-dimensional surface model analysis in the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2870-2875页

作者： Donghua Liao Jens B Frφk r Jian Yang Jingbo Zhao Asbjφrn M Drewes Odd H Gilja Hans gregersen Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital and Institute of Health Technology Aalborg University Denmark National Center of Ultrasound in Gastroenterology Bergen University and Haukeland Hospital Bergen Norway

The biomechanical changes during functional loading and unloading of the human gastrointestinal （GI） tract are not fully understood. GI function is usually studled by introducing probes in the GI lumen. Computer modeling offers a promising alternative approach in this regard, with the additional ability to predict regional stresses and strains in inaccessible locations. The tension and stress distributions in the GI tract are related to distensibility （tension-strain relationship） and smooth muscle tone. lore knowledge on the tension and stress on the GI tract are needed to improve diagnosis of patients with gastrointestinal disorders. A modeling framework that can be used to integrate the physiological, anatomical and medical knowledge of the GI system has recently been developed. The 3-D anatomical model was constructed from digital images using ultrasonography, computer tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance imaging （IRI）. Different mathematical algorithms were developed for surface analysis based on thin-walled structure and the finite element method was applied for the mucosa-folded three layered esophageal model analysis. The tools may be useful for studying the geometry and biomechanical properties of these organs in health and disease. These studies will serve to test the structurefunction hypothesis of geometrically complex organs.

关键词： GI tract Surface Tension Stress Three-dimensional

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Impaired contractility and remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus type-1

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4881-4890页

作者： Jens BrΦndum FrΦkjΦr SΦren Due Andersen Niels EjskjΦr Peter Funch-Jensen AsbjΦrn Mohr Drewes Hans gregersen Center for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of Radiology Aalborg Hospital Aalborg Denmark Department of Endocrinology M Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark Department of Surgical Gastroenterology L Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Denmark National Center for Ultrasound in Gastro-enterology Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway

AIM: To investigate that both the neuronal function of the contractile system and structural apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract are affected in patients with longstanding diabetes and auto mic neuropathy. METHODS: The evoked esophageal and duodenal contractile activity to standardized bag distension was assessed using a specialized ultrasound-based probe. Twelve type-1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy and severe gastrointestinal symptoms and 12 healthy controls were studied. The geometry and biomechanical parameters (strain, tension/stress, and stiffness) were assessed. RESULTS: The diabetic patients had increased frequency of distension-induced contractions (6.0 ± 0.6 vs 3.3 ± 0.5, P 0.14). CONCLUSION: The impaired contractile activity with an imbalance in the distension-induced contractions likely reflects neuronal abnormalities due to autonomic neuropathy. However, structural changes and remodeling of the gastrointestinal tract are also evident and may add to the neuronal changes. This may contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetic gut dysfunction and impact on future management of diabetic patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.

关键词： Diabetes Autonomic Neuropathy Bio- mechanics Contractility Ultrasound Esophagus Duodenum Deformation Stress

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Relationships of CDXs and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第18期19卷 2736-2739页

作者： Jingbo Zhao Hans gregersen Department of Gastroenterology and Surgery Aalborg University Hospital College of Bioengineering Chongqing University the Giome Institute DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is characterized by intestinal metaplasia with the differentiated epithelium replaced by another type of epithelium morphologically similar to normal intestinal epithelium. The metaplasia is preceded by bile and acid reflux into the esophagus. BE is a premalignant condition associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer, especially esophageal adenocarcinoma. The Caudal-related homeodomain transcription factors Caudal-related homeodomain transcription factor CDX1 and CDX2 are expressed exclusively in the small and large intestine, playing important roles in proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Ectopic expression of CDX1 and CDX2 occurs in BE. The apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) is expressed primarily in terminal ileum where it is a key factor for intestinal reabsorption of bile salts. In addition to upregulation of CDX1 and CDX2, ASBT expression is up-regulated in BE. Furthermore, both CDX1/CDX2 and ASBT expressions are down-regulated in high-grade esophageal dysplasia. The alteration of the above-mentioned factors calls for attention: what is the relationship between CDXs and ASBT aberrant expression in BE? In this commentary, we discuss this issue on basis of the recent study done by Ma et al .

关键词： Esophagus Intestinal metaplasia Caudal-related homeodomain transcription factors Apical sodiumdependent bile acid transporter Aberrant expression

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