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Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators for Automotive Cooling System

Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINGH Hardeep TING David S-k.READER graham ESHTIAGHI Nick. ICHIYANAGI Mitsuhisa SUZUk. Tak.shi Turbulence&Energy Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This research investigates innovative fin-type radiators for automobile engine cooling ***-channel and helical radiators,along with straight type,were analyzed for heat transfer characteristics under various *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators,the inner rod features 4/8 helical-shaped water galleries,while the outer tube frame with embedded fins remains *** contrast,the microchannel radiators have compact trapezoidal-shaped water galleries with separate fin ***,the novelty of the research is enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing *** constant fin height analysis at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a higher heat transfer rate amongst the *** comparison to Straight Water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(SWAR9.5),the heat transfer rate is 30.3%and 1.3 times ***,in constant fin surface area analysis,microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illustrates lower heat dissipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but higher than HWAR134 and Straight radiator(SWAR6).The examination of pumping loss indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators due to its lower pressure *** average pressure loss for Micro-channel radiators was 0.74 k.a,mak.ng it 1.2 times higher than that of a straight radiator(0.62 k.a),indicating a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchangers multi-channel helical heat exchanger heat transfer 3D printing

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Nanometer ultrastructural brain damage following low intensity primary blast wave exposure

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1516-1519页

作者： Hailong Song Landry M. k.nan Jiank.n Cui Catherine E. Johnson graham k. huble. Ralph G. DePalma Zezong Gu Department of Pathology & Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia MO USA Department of Mining and Nuclear Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA Office of Research and Development Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC USA Truman VA Hospital Research Service Columbia MO USA

Blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury（m TBI） is of particular concern among military personnel due to exposure to blast energy during military training and *** impact of primary low-intensity blast mediated pathophysiology upon later neurobehavioral disorders has been *** a military preclinical blast model to simulate the pathophysiology of human blast injury is an important first *** article provides an overview of primary blast effects and perspectives of our recent studies demonstrating ultrastructural changes in the brain and behavioral disorders resulting from open-field blast exposures up to 46.6 k.Pa using a murine *** model is scalable and permits exposure to varying magnitudes of primary blast injuries by placing animals at different distances from the blast center or by changing the amount of C4 *** here review the implications and future applications and directions of using this animal model to uncover the underlying mechanisms related to primary blast ***,these studies offer the prospect of enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of primary low-intensity blast-induced TBI and insights for prevention,diagnosis and treatment of blast induced TBI,particularly m TBI/concussion related to current combat exposures.

关键词： mild traumatic brain injury openfield blast primary blast wave blast physics animal model altrastructural abnormalities behavior

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Effect of Look.Ahead Depth in Evolutionary Check.rs

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第5期27卷 996-1006页

作者： Belal Al-k.ateeb graham k.ndall College of Computer Al-Anbar UniversityRamadiIraq School of Computer Science The University of NottinghamNottinghamU.K

It is intuitive that allowing a deeper search into a game tree will result in a superior player to one that is restricted in the depth of the search that it is allowed to mak.. Of course, searching deeper into the tree comes at increased computational cost and this is one of the trade-offs that has to be considered in developing a tree-based search algorithm. There has been some discussion as to whether the evaluation function, or the depth of the search, is the main contributory factor in the performance of an evolved check.rs player. Some previous research has investigated this question （on Chess and Othello）, with differing conclusions. This suggests that different games have different emphases, with respect to these two factors. This paper provides the evidence for evolutionary check.rs, and shows that the look.ahead depth （lik. Chess, perhaps unsurprisingly） is important. This is the first time that such an intensive study has been carried out for evolutionary check.rs and given the evidence provided for Chess and Othello this is an important study that provides the evidence for another game. We arrived at our conclusion by evolving various check.rs players at different ply depths and by playing them against one another, again at different ply depths. This was combined with the two-move ballot （enabling more games against the evolved players to tak. place） which provides strong evidence that depth of the look.ahead is important for evolved check.rs players.

关键词： evolutionary Check.rs look.ahead depth neural network

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Tomato molecular biology–special collection of papers for molecular horticulture

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 280-283页

作者： graham B.Seymour Jocelyn k.C.Rose School of Biosciences Division of Plant and Crop ScienceUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughLeics LE125RDUK School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University331 Emerson HallIthacaNY 14853USA

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is the second most important vegetable crop globally,after potato,with about 100 million tons fresh fruit being grown on 3.7 million hectares(FAO 2021),and is of great importance in the human diet due to the large amount of fruit *** fruit are eaten both fresh and,equally importantly,as a processed product in puree,soups and canned *** provide an important dietary source of vitamins and minerals,such as k.Fe and Ca,and are k.own for the large number of health promoting secondary metabolites,including the carotenoid and flavonoid pigments that give the fruit a spectrum of yellow,red and orange colours.

关键词： culture orange globally

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Cremaster muscle thick.ning: the anatomic difference in men with testicular retraction due to hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 484-486页

作者： Parviz k.k.voussi Hayden T Henderson k.yla Hudson Romtin Mehrabani-Farsi graham Luk. Machen Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlak. IVF AustinTX 78746USA

The objective was to assess whether men suffering from testicular retraction secondary to hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex havean anatomic difference in the thick.ess of the cremaster muscle in comparison to men who do not have retraction. From March2021 to December 2021, 21 men underwent microsurgical subinguinal cremaster muscle release (MSCMR) on 33 spermatic cordunits, as 12 of them had bilateral surgery, at Surgicare of South Austin Ambulatory Surgery Center in Austin, TX, USA. Duringthat same time frame, 36 men underwent subinguinal microsurgical varicocele repair on 41 spermatic cord units, as 5 werebilateral for infertility. The thick.ess of cremaster muscles was measured by the operating surgeon in men undergoing MSCMRand varicocele repair. Comparison was made between the cremaster muscle thick.ess in men with testicular retraction due toa hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex undergoing MSCMR and the cremaster muscle thick.ess in men undergoing varicocelerepair for infertility with no history of testicular retraction, which served as an anatomic control. The mean cremaster musclethick.ess in men who underwent MSCMR was significantly greater than those undergoing varicocele repair for infertility, witha mean cremaster muscle thick.ess of 3.9 (standard deviation [s.d.]: 1.2) mm vs 1.0 (s.d.: 0.4) mm, respectively. Men withtesticular retraction secondary to a hyperactive cremaster muscle reflex demonstrate thick.r cremaster muscles than controls,those undergoing varicocele repair. An anatomic difference may be a beginning to understanding the pathology in men whostruggle with testicular retraction.

关键词： cremaster muscle orchialgia testicular retraction

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Root System Traits Contribute to Variability and Plasticity in Response to Phosphorus Fertilization in 2 Field-Grown Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]Cultivars

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 6-21页

作者： Michael O.Adu Paul A.Asare David O.Yawson k.adwo k.Amoah k.fi Atiah Matthew k.Duah Alex graham Department of Crop Science School of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies(CERMES) The University of the West IndiesCave Hill CampusP.O.Box 64Bridgetown BB11000Barbados Department of Soil Science School of AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana

Due to roots'physical and physiological roles in crop productivity,interest in root system architecture(RSA)and plasticity in responses to abiotic stresses is *** is significant for the food security of millions of *** deficiency is an important limitation of sorghum *** is little information on the RSA-based responses of sorghum to variations in external P supply([P]_(ext)).This study evaluated the phenotypic plasticity and RSA responses to a range of[P]_(ext) in 2 sorghum *** results showed that both genotypes responded to[P]_(ext) but with significant variations in about 80%of the RSA traits *** biomass and most RSA traits increased with increasing[P]_(ext).Plasticity was both genotype-and *** most RSA traits,the white sorghum genotype showed significantly higher plasticity than the red genotype,with the former having about 28.4%higher total plasticity than the *** traits,such as convex area,surface area,total root length,and length diameter ranges,showed sizeable genetic *** biomass had a high degree of plasticity,but root number and angle traits were the leading contributors to *** results suggested 2 root trait spectra:root exploration and developmental spectrum,and there was an indication of potential trade-offs among groups of root *** is concluded that RSA traits in sorghum contribute to variability and plasticity in response to[P]_(ext).Given that there might be trade-offs among sorghum root traits,it would be instructive to determine the fundamental constraints underlying these trade-offs.

关键词： Root instru constraints

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NEAR-INFRARED,BROAD-BAND SPECTRAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN BREAST FOR QUANTITATIVE OXIMETRY:APPLICATIONS TO HEALTHY AND CANCEROUS BREASTS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第4期3卷 267-277页

作者： YANG YU ANGELO SASSAROLI DEBBIE k.CHEN MARC J.HOMER ROGER A.graham SERGIO FANTINI Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA Tufts Medical Center Department of Radiology 800 Washington StreetBostonMA 02111USA Tufts Medical Center Department of Surgery 800 Washington StreetBostonMA 02111USA

We have examined ten human subjects with a previously developed instrument for near-infrared diffuse spectral imaging of the female *** instrument is based on a tandem,planar scan of two collinear optical fibers(one for illumination and one for collection)to image a gently compressed breast in a transmission *** optical data collection features a spatial sampling of 25 points/cm2 over the whole breast,and a spectral sampling of 2 points/nm in the 650-900nm wavelength *** the ten human subjects examined,eight are healthy subjects and two are cancer patients with unilateral invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ,*** each subject,we generate second-derivative images that identify a network.of highly absorbing structures in the breast that we assign to blood vessels.A previously developed paired-wavelength spectral method assigns oxygenation values to the absorbing structures displayed in the second-derivative *** resulting oxygenation images feature average values over the whole breast that are significantly lower in cancerous breasts(69±14%,n=2)than in healthy breasts(85±7%,n=18)(p<0.01).Furthermore,in the two patients with breast cancer,the average oxygenation values in the cancerous regions are also significantly lower than in the remainder of the breast(invasive ductal carcinoma:49±11%vs 61±16%,p<0.01;ductal carcinoma in situ:58±8%vs 77±11%,p<0.001).

关键词： Diffuse spectral imaging near-infrared spectroscopy optical mammography oximetry hemoglobin saturation

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Snowball Earth is dead! Long live Snowball Earth!

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Episodes 2006年第4期29卷 287-288页

作者： graham A. Shields Institut für Geologie und Palaeontologie Westfaeilische-Wilhelms Universitaet Correnstr. 24 48149 Münster Germany

Ticino in southern Switzerland played host this summer to a most extraordinary meeting of minds. About eighty scientists from all over the world came together in the exquisite setting of Monte Verita to discuss possibly the coldest spell in our planet＇s long history： the Cryogenian Period. ‘Snowball Earth 2006＇ was organized by a research group at the ETH in Zurich under the leadership of Professor Philip Allen, now at Imperial College, London, and was the first conference to focus solely on this topic. The Cryogenian global freeze of about 7204535 million years ago closely preceded--some would say ominously so--the first fossil evidence for animal life on Earth, and as such has attracted the attention of natural scientists worldwide. Such a resurgence of interest in deep Earth history has not been witnessed since the great k.T boundary debate of the early 1980s. On the first day of the conference, on a hot and sultry evening during the hottest July on record, it was ice of a different k.nd that was being brok.n high above Lago Maggiore. The first hesitant introductions over chilled white wine made it clear that a tluly multidisciplinary throng had been invited for what promised to be a vigorous debate on the causes and effects of Neoproterozoic climate change. Gathered for the ＇snowball fight＇ were geologists, palaeobiologists, geochemists, geophysicists and climate modellers, all of whom would, one-by-one over the coming five days, borrow centre stage to offer their unique perspective on this most polarizing of topics.

关键词：瑞士雪球气候变化二氧化碳全球变暖环境气候问题

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Climate and seasonal rainfall anomalies along an elevational gradient in the El Sira Mountains,Peru,and their impacts on tree radial growth

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1521-1538页

作者： Armin Niessner Manfred k.ppers James graham Luis Valenzuela Aylin Guney Sabine Remmele Reiner Zimmermann Institute of Botany 210a University of HohenheimGarbenstraße 3070599 StuttgartGermany Field Museum 1400 S.Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605USA Missouri Botanical Garden Prolongacio´n Bolognesi Mz.E Lote 6Oxapampa-PascoPeru

The explicit purpose of this study was to characterize climate and vegetation along the western slope of the El Sira Mountains(Peru)and evaluate radial tree growth in response to seasonal rainfall *** May 2011 until September 2015,we monitored radial stem growth of 67 trees using point dendrometers and measured climate within five sites along an altitudinal *** transect extends from lowland terra firme forests,over submontane forests,late and mid successional montane cloud forests up to exposed elfin *** rainfall estimates by the TRMM PR satellite(product 3B42)were highly correlated with our rain gauge observations but underestimate rainfall at high *** intra-annual tree growth patterns could be identified within each elevational forest type,showing species with strictly seasonal growth,continuous growth or alternating growth patterns independent of the *** growth at each site was generally larger during rainy seasons,except for the elfin *** rainy season from October 2013 to March 2014 was extraordinarily dry,with only 73%of long-term mean precipitation received,which resulted in reduced radial growth,again with the exception of the elfin *** indicates that montane tropical rain forests may suffer from prolonged droughts,while exposed ridges with elfin forests still receive plenty of precipitation and benefit from receiving more solar radiation for photosynthesis.

关键词： Cloud forest Dendrometer Elfin forest Seasonality TRMM PR Tropical montane forest

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Organic photovoltaics for simultaneous energy harvesting and high-speed MIMO optical wireless communications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第3期10卷 379-389页

作者： Iman Tavak.olnia Lethy k.Jagadamma Rui Bian Pavlos P.Manousiadis Stefan Videv graham A.Turnbull Ifor D.W.Samuel Harald Haas LiFi Research and Development Centre Department of Elearonic&Electrical EngineeringThe University of StrathclydeTechnology&Innovation Centre99 George StreetGlasgow G11RDUK Organic Semiconductor Centre SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK pureLiFi Rosebery House9 Haymarket TerraceEdinburgh EH125EZUK

We show that organic photovoltaics(OPVs)are suitable for high-speed optical wireless data receivers that can also harvest *** addition,these OPVs are of particular interest for indoor applications,as their bandgap is larger than that of silicon,leading to better matching to the spectrum of artificial *** selecting a suitable combination of a narrow bandgap donor polymer and a nonfullerene acceptor,stable OPVs are fabricated with a power conversion efficiency of 8.8%under 1 Sun and 14%under indoor lighting *** an optical wireless communication experiment,a data rate of 363 Mb/s and a simultaneous harvested power of 10.9 mW are achieved in a 4-by-4 multipleinput multiple-output(MIMO)setup that consists of four laser diodes,each transmitting 56 mW optical power and four OPV cells on a single panel as receivers at a distance of 40 *** result is the highest reported data rate using OPVs as data receivers and energy *** finding may be relevant to future mobile communication applications because it enables enhanced wireless data communication performance while prolonging the battery life in a mobile device.

关键词： MIMO simultaneous lighting

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