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The hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Cu–ZrO2 catalysts prepared by a pH-gradient methodology

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第9期28卷 15-24页

作者： Igor Orlowski Mark Douthwaite Sarwat Iqbal james S.Hayward Thomas E.Davies jonathan K.Bartley Peter j.Miedziak jun Hirayama David j.Morgan David j.Willock graham j.hutchings Cardiff Catalysis Institute School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK School of Chemistry Joseph Bank Laboratories Beevor St University of LincolnLincoln LN6 7DL UK School of Applied Sciences University of South WalesPontypridd CF37 4AT UK Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido UniversitySapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan

A novel pH gradient methodology was used to synthesise a series of Cu–ZrO2 catalysts containing different quantities of Cu and *** of the catalysts were highly selective to the desired product,γ-valerolactone, and are considerably more stable than Cu–ZrO2 catalysts prepared by other co-precipitation methods for this *** and further investigation of these catalysts by XRD, BET, SEM and XPS provided insight into the nature of the catalytic active site and the physicochemical properties that lead to catalyst *** consider the active site to be the interface between Cu/CuOxand ZrOx and that lattice Cu species assist with the dispersion of surface Cu through the promotion of a strong metal support *** enhanced understanding of the active site and roles of lattice and surface Cu will assist with future catalyst *** such, we conclude that the activity of Cu–ZrO2 catalysts in this reaction is dictated by the quantity of Cu–Zr interface sites.

关键词： Cu–ZrO2 Hydrogenation Levulinic acid γ-Valerolactone

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu Nigel j.D.graham Xue Wu jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW≤1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

Chronic effects of stretching on range of motion with consideration of potential moderating variables:A systematic review with meta-analysis

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 186-194页

作者： Andreas Konrad Shahab Alizadeh Abdolhamid Daneshjoo Saman Hadjizadeh Anvar Andrew graham Ali Zahiri Reza Goudini Chris Edwards Carina Scharf David George Behm Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthGraz UniversityGraz A-8010Austria School of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1C 5S7Canada Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises Faculty of Sport SciencesShahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman 76169-13439Iran

Background:It is well known that stretch training can induce prolonged increases in joint range of motion(ROM).However,to date more information is needed regarding which training variables might have greater influence on improvements in ***,the purpose of this metaanalysis was to investigate the effects of stretch training on ROM in healthy participants by considering potential moderating variables,such as stretching technique,intensity,duration,frequency,and muscles stretched,as well as sex-specific,age-specific,and/or trained state-specific adaptations to stretch ***:We searched through PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and SportDiscus to find eligible studies and,finally,assessed the results from 77 studies and 186 effect sizes by applying a random-effect ***,by applying a mixed-effect model,we performed the respective subgroup *** find potential relationships between stretch duration or age and effect sizes,we performed a ***:We found a significant overall effect,indicating that stretch training can increase ROM with a moderate effect compared to the controls(effect size=-1.002;Z=-12.074;95%confidence interval:-1.165 to-0.840;p<0.001;I^(2)=74.97).Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference between the stretching techniques(p=0.01)indicating that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and static stretching produced greater ROM than did ballistic/dynamic ***,there was a significant effect between the sexes(p=0.04),indicating that females showed higher gains in ROM compared to ***,further moderating analysis showed no significant relation or ***:When the goal is to maximize ROM in the long term,proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation or static stretching,rather than ballistic/dynamic stretching,should be *** to consider in future research as well as sports practice is that neither volume,intensity,nor frequency of stretching were

关键词： Flexibility Long-term stretching Stretch training

Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili Patricia graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi james D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

Universal silicon ring resonator for error-free transmission links

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： jUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG KE LI BHARAT PANT MARTIN EBERT XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAKAR DEHN T.TRAN CALLUM G.LITTLEjOHNS FUWAN GAN graham REED DAVID j.THOMSON Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon PN junction ring resonator for C band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. The universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of -4 V·mm and>8 d B optical modulation extinction ratio, enabling C band 50 Gb/s NRZ communication link with a bit error rate≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonator communication

High-speed silicon photonic electro-optic Kerr modulation

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 51-60页

作者： jONATHAN PELTIER WEIWEI ZHANG LEOPOLD VIROT CHRISTIAN LAFFORGUE LUCAS DENIEL DELPHINE MARRIS-MORINI GUY AUBIN FARAH AMAR DENH TRAN XINGZHAO YAN CALLUM G.LITTLEjOHNS CARLOS ALONSO-RAMOS KE LI DAVID j.THOMSON graham REED LAURENT VIVIEN University Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(C2N)Palaiseau 91120France University Grenoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble 38000France Optoelectronics Research Centre Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Silicon-based electro-optic modulators contribute to easing the integration of high-speed and low-power consumption circuits for classical optical communications and data *** the plasma dispersion modulation,an alternative solution in silicon is to exploit the DC Kerr effect,which generates an equivalent linear electro-optical effect enabled by applying a large DC electric *** some theoretical and experimental studies have shown its existence in silicon,limited contributions relative to plasma dispersion have been achieved in high-speed modulation so *** paper presents high-speed optical modulation based on the DC Kerr effect in silicon PIN *** contributions of both plasma dispersion and Kerr effects have been analyzed in different waveguide configurations,and we demonstrated that the Kerr induced modulation is dominant when a high external DC electric field is applied in PIN ***-speed optical modulation response is analyzed,and eye diagrams up to 80 Gbit/s in NRZ format are obtained under a *** of 30 *** work paves the way to exploit the Kerr effect to generate high-speed Pockels-like optical modulation.

关键词： waveguide dispersion effect

A phylum level analysis reveals lipoprotein biosynthesis to be a fundamental property of bacteria

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Protein & Cell 2012年第3期3卷 163-170页

作者： Iain C.Sutcliffe Dean j.Harrington Matthew I.hutchings School of Life Sciences University of Northumbria at NewcastleNewcastle upon TyneNE18STUK Division of Biomedical Science School of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordWest YorkshireBD71DPUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR47TJUK

Bacterial lipoproteins are proteins that are post-trans-lationally modified with a diacylglyceride at an N-terminal cysteine,which serves to tether these proteins to the outer face of the plasma membrane or to the outer *** paper reviews recent insights into the enzymology of bacterial lipoprotein biosynthe-sis and ***,we use bioinformatic analyses of bacterial lipoprotein signal peptide features and of the key biosynthetic enzymes to consider the distribution of lipoprotein biosynthesis at the phylum level.

关键词： level. outer property

Molecular phylogeny, morphology and life-history comparisons within Circus cyaneus reveal the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages

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Chinese Birds 2016年第4期7卷 187-198页

作者： graham j.Etherington jason A.Mobley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology 3101 Valley Life Science Building University of California Organisms and Ecosystems The Earlham Institute Norwich Research Park Aquasis Caucaia

Background: Circus cyaneus is a medium-sized bird of prey that is widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. There are two currently recognized forms, the Palearctic form C. c. cyaneus(Hen Harrier), and the Nearctic form C. c. hudsonius(Northern Harrier). The forms have recently been split by the British Ornithologists' Union but the American Ornithologists' Union and some other taxonomic committees have not yet made any change. Here we examine the phylogenetic relationship between the two forms using sequence data from multiple nuclear and mitochondrial genes and examine breeding biology, body size, morphology, dispersal and other ***: In order to fully compare cyaneus and hudsonius, we carried out a full literature review, measured museum skins and carried out phylogenetic analysis using a number of different mitochondrial genes and compare our findings to other recent ***: We find that these two allopatric taxa form reciprocally monophyletic groups, show substantial mt DNA sequence divergence, and further differ significantly with respect to body size, plumage characters, breeding biology, dispersal and other behavioral ***: Based on an array of consistently divergent characteristics, it is suggested that the two forms are best regarded as separate species, Hen Harrier(Circus cyaneus) and Northern Harrier(Circus hudsonius).

关键词： Circus cyaneus Circus hudsonius Hen Harrier Northern Harrier Phylogenetics Speciation Evolution