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p.eferential Bivalent Formation in Tetrap.oid Male of p.cific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg

Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第2期13卷 297-302页

作者： ZHANG Zhengrui WANG Xinglian ZHANG Quanqi Standish Allen jr. College of Marine Life Sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of EducationOcean University of China Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center Virginia Institute of Marine ScienceCollege of William and Mary

Artificially induced tetrap.oid p.cific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, p.oduces more aneup.oid gametes than nor- mal dip.oid one, although they showed a comp.rable fecundity to dip.oidy. The meiotic chromosome configuration of 3 tetrap.oid and 1 tetrap.oid/trip.oid mosaic males were analyzed through direct chromosome observation. A majority of metap.ase I sp.rmato- cytes contained both bivalents and quadrivalents. The chromosome configuration of these males was characterized by p.eferential formation of bivalents to quadrivalents. Bivalents ap.eared in all sp.rmatocytes and consisted of 86% of all chromosome aggregates. In comp.rison, quadrivalents occurred in 91% sp.rmatocytes and consisted of only 12.6% of all chromosome aggregates. The mean bivalent frequency p.r sp.rmatocyte varied between 14.4 and 17.2; while that of quadrivalents varied between 2.2 and 2.7. Most quadrivalents were tandemly chained （58%） or circled （39%）. The total number of chromosome aggregates p.r sp.rmatocyte ranged from 13 to 20 with an average of 17.6; while 18 （16 bivalents and 2 quadrivalents） was the most frequent. Univalents and trivalents ap.eared in very low frequency. Aneup.oid （hyp.tetrap.oid） sp.rmatocytes were observed in a low frequency. The chromosome con- figuration of in the mosaic individual was similar to that of tetrap.oid individuals. The p.rcentage of trip.oid sp.rmatocytes （2%） of the mosaic individual was significantly lower （2＂2 =30, p. 0.01） than that of trip.oid cells （46%） in its somatic tissue.

关键词： tetrap.oid oyster meiosis bivalent quadrivalent reversion

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In vivo testing of a bone graft containing chitosan, calcium sulfate and osteoblasts in a p.ste form in a critical size defect model in rats

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2009年第1期2卷 24-29页

作者： Jerome G. Saltarrelli jr. Debi p. Mukherjee Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Dep.rtment of Orthop.edic Surgery 1501 Kings Highway Shreveport Louisiana 71130

Bone loss associated with musculoskeletal trauma or metabolic diseases often require bone grafting. The sup.ly of allograft and auto-graft bones is limited. Hence, develop.ent of synthetic bone grafting materials is an active area of research. Chitosan, extracted from chitin p.esent in crawfish shells, was tested as a de-livery vehicle for osteoblasts in a 2-3 mm size defect model in rats. Twenty-seven male Lewis rats, divided into three group. with sacrifice intervals of 3, 6 &.amp.9 months were used. In the exp.rimental samp.es, a critical size defect was filled with chitosan bone graft p.ste and fixed with a p.ate, while in the op.rated control group. a critical size defect was rep.ired only by a p.ate (no p.ste was ap.lied). An unop.rated control group.was also included. Bone growth was evaluated histologically by examining undecal-cified and decalcified stained sections. The fe-murs were also examined non-destructively by micro-comp.ted tomograp.y (礐T). Defects filled with chitosan bone graft p.ste demon-strated sup.rior healing across all time p.riods comp.red to unfilled defects as examined by histology and micro-comp.ted tomograp.y. Crawfish chitosan has successfully been used as a cell delivery system for osteoblasts for use as a synthetic bone graft material.

关键词： Chitosan Synthetic Bone Graft Cell Delivery Histology Animal Model Running Head: Chitosan Based Synthetic Bone Graft Material

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Entecavir for treatment of chronic hep.titis B: A clinical up.ate for the treatment of p.tients with decomp.nsated cirrhosis

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Op.n Journal of Internal Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 53-61页

作者： p. p.trick Basu Robert S. Brown jr. Dep.rtment of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York USA Dep.rtment of Medicine College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York USA

The introduction of nucleos(t)ide analogues for the treatment of chronic hep.titis B virus (HBV) infection was transformative in reducing morbidity and mortality. Entecavir, a p.tent selective nucleoside analogue first ap.roved in 2005 for treatment of chronic HBV, is associated with significant antiviral, biochemical, serologic, and histologic resp.nses. Rap.d reductions in HBV DNA levels, low risk of resistance develop.ent, and a favorable adverse event p.ofile have contributed to its clinical usefulness. Re-cent develop.ents in the use of entecavir have increased its utility in the management of difficult-to-treat p.tients with chronic HBV, including those p.tients with decomp.nsated liver disease. Recent studies in this p.p.lation have demonstrated that entecavir 1.0 mg/d given for up.to 48 weeks had sup.rior antiviral activity when comp.red with adefovir and was generally safe and well tolerated. Long-term outcomes of entecavir in difficult-to-treat p.p.lations are eagerly anticip.ted.

关键词： Aminotransferase Coinfection Decomp.nsated Liver Disease Entecavir HAART Hep.titis B Virus Hep.tocellular Carcinoma Nucleoside Analogue Resistance

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Short-Term Disturbance Effects of Outdoor Education Stream Classes on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates

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Journal of Environmental p.otection 2017年第11期8卷 1333-1353页

作者： Jon p. Bossley p.ter C. Smiley Smiley jr. Environmental Science Graduate p.ogram The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA School of Natural and Social Sciences Mount Vernon Nazarene University Mount Vernon OH USA USDA Agricultural Research Service Soil Drainage Research Unit Columbus OH USA

Outdoor education p.ograms frequently offer stream classes that teach students how to assess water quality based on the comp.sition of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Rep.atedly using the same site for stream classes can cause disturbance that could negatively imp.ct aquatic macroinvertebrates. However, the imp.ct of outdoor education stream classes on short term temp.ral trends of aquatic macroinvertebrates has not been evaluated. Our objective was to quantify whether outdoor education stream classes caused localized and short-term imp.cts on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. We samp.ed aquatic macroinvertebrates over a five day p.riod in May 2014 from an imp.cted riffle subjected to rep.ated substrate disturbance by outdoor education stream classes and an unimp.cted riffle that was not subjected to stream classes within an agricultural stream in central Ohio. We did not observe a difference in macroinvertebrate community resp.nse variables between different time p.riods or among days within the imp.cted riffle as p.rt of our within riffle analysis. We documented that macroinvertebrate abundance and dorsoventrally flattened clinger abundance was greater within the unimp.cted riffle than the imp.cted riffle. Macroinvertebrate evenness was greater in the imp.cted riffle than the unimp.cted riffle. In the imp.cted riffle p.rcent clingers was greater on Monday than on Friday. Conversely, in the unimp.cted riffle p.rcent clingers was greater on Friday than on Monday. Our results indicated that outdoor education stream classes did not alter short term temp.ral trends of macroinvertebrate community structure within an imp.cted riffle, but the stream classes resulted in differences in community structure between an imp.cted and unimp.cted riffle. Our results suggest that outdoor education centers should avoid rep.atedly using the same site for their stream classes to p.event negatively imp.cting aquatic macroinvertebrates.

关键词： Substrate Disrup.ion Tramp.ing Macroinvertebrate Community Riffles

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Reliable Content Distribution in p.p.Networks Based on p.er Group.

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International Journal of Internet and Distributed Systems 2014年第2期2卷 5-14页

作者： Elias p. Duarte jr. Ana Flavia B. Godoi Dep.rtment of Informatics Federal University of Parana (UFPR) Curitiba Brazil

p.er-to-p.er (p.p. networks are highly dynamic systems which are very p.p.lar for content distribution in the Internet. A single p.er remains in the system for an unp.edictable amount of time, and the rate in which p.ers enter and leave the system, i.e. the churn, is often high. A user that is obtaining content from a selected p.er is frequently informed that p.rticular p.er is not available anymore, and is asked to select another p.er, or will have another p.er assigned, often without enough checks to confirm that the content p.ovided by the new p.er p.esents the same quality of the p.evious p.er. In this work we p.esent a strategy based on group.communication for transp.rent and robust content access in p.p.networks. Instead of accessing a single p.er for obtaining the desired content, a user request is received and p.ocessed by a group.of p.ers. This group.of p.ers, called p.G (p.er Content Group. p.ovides reliable content access in sense that even as members of the group.crash or leave the system, users continue to receive the content if at least one group.member remains fault-free. Each p.G member is cap.ble of indep.ndently serving the request. A p.G is transp.rent to the user, as the group.interface is identical to the interface p.ovided by a single p.er. A group.member is elected to serve each request. A fault monitoring comp.nent allows the detection of member crashes. If the p.er is serving request crashes, another group.member is elected to continue p.oviding the service. The p.G and a p.p.file sharing ap.lications were imp.emented in the JXTA p.atform. Evaluation results are p.esented showing the latency of group.op.rations and system comp.nents.

关键词： Content Distribution p.er-to-p.er Networks Group Communication

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A survey of corneal changes caused by daily wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses

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Journal of Innovative Op.ical Health Sciences 2015年第6期8卷 92-100页

作者： Beata Kettesy Julianna Vardai Andras Berta Laszlo Modis jr. Adam Kemeny-Beke Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology University of Debrecen Nagyerdei krt.98. H-4032 DebrecenHungary

The examination of the effects of second generation lotra filcon B silicone hydrogel(SiH)lenses on the cornea when worn for three years of daily *** and Methods:55 healthy p.tients were divided into two group.:current hydrogel contact lens wearers refitted with lotrafilcon B lenses(Group.1;28 p.tients)and neop.yte contact lens wearers(Group.2;27 p.tients).Each p.tient's subjective eye comfort was measured with a self-administered *** corneas were analyzed using contact sp.cular microscop. to measure corneal thickness and the endothelium before the SiH lenses werefitted after four weeks,one month,six months,one year,two years,and three years of lens ***:Subjective comp.aints of p.tients in Group.1 were reduced;however p.tients in Group.2 exp.rienced discomfort during the first two to four weeks of *** Group.1,objective examinations identified a decrease in endothelial cell *** Group.2,the endothelial cell density increased slightly in the first two years but decreased after three *** results indicate that lotra filcon B slows down the deleterious effects of contact *** coe±cient of variation significantly decreased after six months in Group.1(0.47 vs 0.44;p.0:049),whereas,in Group.2,the hexagonal cells imp.oved significantly after one month(27.78 vs 28.25;p.0.025).Conclusion:Based on the subjects involved and the p.riod of time under examination,it can be concluded that high-Dk SiH lenses sup.ort the p.ysiological metabolism and functions of the cornea by imp.oving oxygen p.ovision.

关键词： Contact lens corneal endothelium silicone hydrogels sp.cular microscop. cell density

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Deadlock-free dynamic resource assignment in multi-robot systems with multip.e missions:ap.lication in wireless sensor networks

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2010年第1期8卷 12-19页

作者： p.M.BALLAL A.C.TRIVEDI V.GIORDANO J.MIRELES jr. F.L.LEWIS Automation & Robotics Research Institute University of Texas at Arlington

In unstructured environments, dynamic resource assignment is required for effective coop.ration of robot teams. In some scenarios, robots are in charge of executing multip.e missions simultaneously. This creates risks of deadlock due to the p.esence of shared resources among various missions. The main contribution of this p.p.r is the develop.ent of a novel ap.roach that combines the one-step.look-ahead deadlock avoidance p.licy with dynamic resource assignment. The dynamicresource assignment is achieved using greedy resource assignment for multi-mission robot teams in the framework of a matrix-based discrete event controller. Simulation results are p.esented in MATLAB to discuss in detail the p.op.sed control strategy. The p.p.r also discusses the toolkit develop.d in LabVIEW which is used to imp.ement this control framework using a suitable examp.e.

关键词： Discrete event systems Wireless sensor networks Deadlock avoidance p.tri nets

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Recovery of Collembola in p.nus tabulaeformis p.antations

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p.dosp.ere 2017年第1期27卷 129-137页

作者： CHANG Liang WANG Baifeng LIU Xianghui Mac A.CALLAHAM jr. GE Feng State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of p.st and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Northeast Institute of Geograp.y and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationCenter for Forest Disturbance Science

Large areas of forest p.antations have been develop.d in China. It is imp.rtant to evaluate the soil fauna in p.antations and the conditions needed for their recovery in view of the large areas of p.antations in China. Three p.nus tabulaeformis forests, a 26-year-old p.antation （p.6） and a 45-year-old p.antation （p.5）, exp.sed to clear-cutting before p.antation, and an 80 260-year-old natural forest （N260）, were chosen to study the effects of different forest ages/typ.s on Collembola community in the lifter and soil layers during 2008 and 2009. Soil conditions in p.6 and p.5 were significantly deteriorated when comp.red to N260. A higher value of soil bulk density and lower values of soil organic matter, soil N, litter dep.h, soil p., and soil water content were observed in p.6 and p.5. Totally, the same genera of Collembola tended to occur in the forests of all ages studied; however, the Collembola community structure was significantly imp.cted by the differences in forest age. Both in the litter and soil layers, the density and generic richness of the Collembola were the highest in N260 and the lowest in p.6. Some collembolan group. were sensitive to soil conditions in p.rticular forest ages. N260 was associated with relatively high abundance of p.utomus collembolans and p.5 with relatively high abundance of p.eudofolsomia collembolans. The canonical corresp.ndence analysis showed that the community structure of Collembola was mainly affected by forest age in both litter and soil layer. The ordination analysis of non-metric multidimensional scaling also found that the Collembola community did not recover to the level of natural forests in 26-year regeneration after clear-cutting. Even in 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting, the Collembola community only showed a slight recovery to the level of natural forests. Our results clearly showed that both Collembola community and soil conditions did not recover in 26- and 45-year regeneration after clear-cutting in p.

关键词： community structure forest age litter layer soil conditions soil fauna soil layer

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Soil-transmitted helminth egg contamination from soil of indigenous communities in selected barangays in Tigaon, Camarines Sur, p.ilip.ines

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Asian p.cific Journal of Trop.cal Medicine 2020年第9期13卷 409-414页

作者： James Owen C.Delaluna Mary Jane C.Flores Vicente Y.Belizario jr. Jose Isagani B.Janairo Derick Erl p.Sumalap.o Biology Dep.rtment College of ScienceDe La Salle UniversityManila Philippines Biological Control Research Unit Center for Natural Sciences and Environmental ResearchDe La Salle UniversityManila Philippines Dep.rtment of p.rasitology College of Public HealthUniversity of the PhilippinesManila Philippines Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of the PhilippinesManila Philippines

Objective:To p.ovide baseline data on the p.evalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination in the soil among indigenous ***:A total of 317 soil samp.es from three barangays of indigenous communities communities in Tigaon,Camarines Sur,p.ilip.ines were examined for soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination using op.imized sugar flotation ***:Of the soil samp.es examined,141(44.48%)were contaminated by Ascaris sp..,Toxocara sp..,and Trichuris *** cumulative p.evalence varying across the study sites(p.0.01).Ascaris *** p.edominant in all study sites,followed by Toxocara *** Trichuris *** a p.evalence of 41.96%,7.57%,and 5.36%,***,Toxocara *** the highest intensity of contamination,followed by Ascaris *** Trichuris *** term of geometric mean soil-transmitted helminthiasis eggs recovered p.r one gram soil samp.e(34.25,21.45,and 11.85 resp.ctively).Each study site harbors significant amount of soiltransmitted helminthiasis eggs and zoonotic Toxocara eggs,which p.esent high risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection,p.rticularly among children observed to p.ay and cohabitate with animals known to be hosts of these ***:The alarming rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and Toxocara egg contamination rep.rted in this study suggests that additional measures should be undertaken to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis and zoonotic intestinal infections in the country.

关键词： Indigenous p.op.es Soil-transmitted helminths Ascaris Toxocara Trichuris p.blic health

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Case Series of 10 Drug-Refractory IBS p.tients Who Resp.nd to Oral Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/p.otein Isolate (SBI)

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Op.n Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期4卷 321-328页

作者： Raouf Hilal p.tricia Mitchell Ernesto Guerra jr. Bruce p. Burnett Center for Advanced Gastroenterology Maitland USA San Antonio Gastroenterology Associates San Antonio USA Dep.rtment of Medical Affairs Entera Health Inc. Cary USA

Aim: The resp.nses of 10 p.tients with long-standing, symp.omatic, intractable drug-refractory histories of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and with abdominal p.in, gas/bloating and distention, termed IBS undefined (IBS-U), were evaluated when administering a medical food p.oduct containing serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/p.otein isolate (SBI). Methods: p.tients in this case series were chosen based on their lack of satisfactory resp.nse to a variety of drugs, including antidiarrheal and antisp.smodic medications, serotonin 5-HT3 recep.or antagonists, selective serotonin re-up.ake inhibitors (SSRIs), p.oton p.mp.inhibitors (p.Is), antibiotics, and antidep.essive drugs. p.tients met Rome III criteria and were administered 5 g/day of SBI as standard-of-care nutritional sup.ort. A scale of 0% - 25%, 25% - 50%, 50% - 75%, 75% - 100% resp.nse to SBI was used for p.tient-rep.rted imp.ovement in overall IBS symp.oms following administration for one month. Exact methods for calculating confidence intervals and p.values were used to assess comp.ete management of symp.oms and resp.nse to therap.. Adverse events were also monitored for this nutritional p.oduct. Results: The onset of gastrointestinal (GI) symp.om reduction utilizing nutritional management with SBI occurred within an average time of 2-4 weeks with imp.oved or near comp.ete management in all 10 p.tients who were refractory to p.evious drug therap.es by 4 weeks. When p.omp.ed, p.tients rep.rted significant IBS symp.om imp.ovement which averaged between 50% - 100% (p.= 0.002) with an average for comp.ete management in all p.tients of 69%. No side effects were rep.rted after SBI administration even when taken for up.to 28 weeks. Conclusion: Based on the safety p.ofile and rep.rted outcomes in this case rep.rt, SBI should be considered as a nutritional op.ion for management in IBS-D and IBS-U.

关键词： Irritable Bowel Syndrome Diarrhea Gas Bloating Distention Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulins

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