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Capillary grip-induced stick-slip motion

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 7384-7391页

作者： Sangmin An Manhee Lee bongsu Kim Wonho jhe Department of Physics&Astronomy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Physics Institute of Photonics and Information TechnologyJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbuk 28644Republic of Korea Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology(SAIT) Samsung ElectronicsSuwon 16678Republic of Korea

We present capillary grip-induced stick-slip motion,a nanoscale tribological effect,where the role of a nanoscale confined water meniscus formed between a buckled sharp tip and a glass or mica surface is addressed by shear dynamic force *** obtained the effective elasticity,viscosity,conservative(elastic)and non-conservative(viscous)forces,energy dissipation,and lateral force using small oscillation,amplitude-modulation,and shear-mode quartz tuning fork-atomic force microscopy(QTFAFM).We distinguished the conservative and non-conservative forces by investigating the dependence of normal load and relative humidity,slip length,and stick-slip *** found that the confined nanoscale water enhances the lateral forces via capillary grip-induced stick-slip on a rough surface,resulting in an increase of static lateral force(3-fold for both substrates)and kinetic lateral force(6-fold for glass,3-fold for mica).This work provides quantitative and systematic understanding of nanoscale tribology properties in humid ambient conditions and is thus useful for control of friction as well as characterization of tribology in nanomaterials and nanodevices.

关键词： dynamic force measurement nanoscale water meniscus relative humidity lateral force stick-slip motion

Polymer-capped gold nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods form binary photocatalyst on cotton fabrics: Catalytic breakdown of dye

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2021年第3期15卷 431-447页

作者： bharat bARUAH Christopher KELLEY grace b.DJOKOTO Kelly M.HARTNETT Department of Chemistry and biochemistry Kennesaw State UniversityKennesawGA 30144-5591USA Division of Natural Sciences Oglethorpe UniversityAtlantaGA 30319USA

This work reports the immobilization of zinc oxide(ZnO)nanostructures and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)on cotton fabrics(CFs).The ZnO and AuNPs containing CF composite materials demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity towards degradation of the model organic dye molecule.A two-step method was used to first create zinc oxide nanorods(ZnONRs)on the CF ***,these ZnONRs were decorated with cationic polymer-capped AuNPs to yield the composite materials.A one-pot synthetic route was developed to synthesize polymer-capped *** water-soluble cationic polymers used here are polyguanidino oxanorbornenes(PGONs)at 20 kDa and polyamino oxanorbornenes(PAONs)at 20 ***-vis was utilized to monitor the composite materials’photocatalytic activity in degrading model organic dye *** the materials were characterized by FTIR,UV-visible DRS,SEM,EDX,and *** composite materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and recyclability in the presence of UV light.

关键词： cationic polymer polymer-capped nanoparticles ZnO nanorods fabric photocatalysis

Feature selection of ultrahigh-dimensional covariates with survival outcomes:a selective review

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2017年第4期32卷 379-396页

作者： HONG Hyokyoung grace LI Yi Department of Statistics and Probability Michigan State University Department of biostatistics University of Michigan

Many modern biomedical studies have yielded survival data with high-throughput *** goals of scientific research often lie in identifying predictive biomarkers,understanding biological mechanisms and making accurate and precise *** screening is a crucial first step in achieving these *** work conducts a selective review of feature screening procedures for survival data with ultrahigh dimensional *** present the main methodologies,along with the key conditions that ensure sure screening *** practical utility of these methods is examined via extensive *** conclude the review with some future opportunities in this field.

关键词： survival analysis ultrahigh dimensional predictors variable screening sure screening property

Assessing stakeholders'perceptions and values towards social-ecological systems using participatory methods

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 31-42页

作者： grace b Villamor Ignacio Palomo Cesar A Lopez Santiago Elisa Oteros-Rozas Joe Hill Department of Ecology and Natural Resources Management Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113BonnGermany World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF) Jl.Situ Gede16115 BogorIndonesia basque Centre for Climate Change(bC3) Alameda Urquijo 448008 BilbaoSpain Department of Ecology Social-Ecological Systems LaboratoryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049Spain Department of Political and Cultural Change Center for Development Research(ZEF)University of Bonn53113 BonnGermany

Introduction:Many conservation initiatives for managing social-ecological landscapes factor in the best available biophysical ***,insufficient consideration of social aspects can render such initiatives *** incorporating stakeholders'perceptions and values,and by involving stakeholders(transparently)in decision-making processes,conservation plans and efforts can better achieve desired goals and ***:In this paper,we present and analyze three case studies within different ecological and land use *** case study uses different participatory approaches to elicit stakeholders'perceptions and values,while seeking to involve stakeholders in the decision-making *** case studies are the following:(1)participatory scenario planning for a protected area in Doñana coastal wetland in Southwestern Spain;(2)assessment of ecosystem services trade-offs and social responses on rewards for agro-biodiversity in the rubber agroforest landscape in Jambi,Indonesia;and(3)socio-cultural evaluation,through visual stimuli,of ecosystem services provided by transhumance cultural landscapes in Central *** discuss how stakeholders perceive and value their environments and to what extent participatory approaches are useful for capturing information relating to land use and ecological ***:Social-ecological systems are inherently complex,having a variety of interacting actors with different types of ecological knowledge,interests,and *** participatory tools or approaches are appropriate for various and specific contexts and *** and integrating the various types of knowledge and values of different actors can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of social-ecological systems.

关键词： Actors Ecosystem services Ecological knowledge Social processes Socio-cultural valuation Values

Intensity-curvature functional based digital high pass filter of the bivariate cubic b-spline model polynomial function

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Visual Computing for Industry,biomedicine,and Art 2019年第1期2卷 75-92页

作者： Carlo Ciulla grace Agyapong Faculty of Information Systems VisualizationMultimediaand AnimationUniversity of Information Science and TechnologySt.Paul the ApostlePartizanska B.B.Ohrid 6000Republic of North Macedonia Faculty of Communication Networks and Security University of Information Science and TechnologySt.Paul the ApostlePartizanska B.B.Ohrid 6000Republic of North Macedonia

This research addresses the design of intensity-curvature functional(ICF)based digital high pass filter(HPF).ICF is calculated from bivariate cubic b-spline model polynomial function and is called ICF-based *** order to calculate ICF,the model function needs to be second order differentiable and to have non-null classic-curvature calculated at the origin(0,0)of the pixel coordinate *** theoretical basis of this research is called intensitycurvature *** concept envisions to replace signal intensity with the product between signal intensity and sum of second order partial derivatives of the model *** of the concept in two-dimensions(2D)makes it possible to calculate the ICF of an *** treatise is presented to demonstrate the hypothesis that ICF is HPF *** evidence then validates the assumption and also extends the comparison between ICF-based HPF and ten different HPFs among which is traditional HPF and particle swarm optimization(PSO)based *** comparison of image space and k-space magnitude,results indicate that HPFs behave *** HPF filtering and ICF-based filtering are superior to PSO-based *** filtered with traditional HPF are sharper than images filtered with ICF-based *** contribution of this research can be summarized as follows:(1)Math description of the constraints that ICF need to obey to in order to function as HPF;(2)Math of ICF-based HPF of bivariate cubic b-spline;(3)Image space comparisons between HPFs;(4)K-space magnitude comparisons between *** research provides confirmation on the math procedure to use in order to design 2D HPF from a model bivariate polynomial function.

关键词： Intensity-curvature functional High pass filter b-spline Particle swarm optimization K-space

Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St Aime grace Rhodes Michael Jones bTodd Campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. Root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought ***, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 b2 XF, DP 1538 b2 XF, DP 1851 b3 XF, NG5007 b2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 b2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton Root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

Farnesoid X receptor,the bile acid sensing nuclear receptor,in liver regeneration

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2015年第2期5卷 93-98页

作者： Guodong Li grace L.Guo Department of General Surgery the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University Division of biobank Research Department of General Surgery the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey

The liver is unique in regenerative potential, which could recover the lost mass and function after injury from ischemia and resection. The underlying molecular mechanisms of liver regeneration have been extensively studied in the past using the partial hepatectomy(PH) model in rodents, where 2/3 PH is carried out by removing two lobes. The whole process of liver regeneration is complicated, orchestrated event involving a network of connected interactions, which still remain fully elusive. bile acids(bAs) are ligands of farnesoid X receptor(FXR), a nuclear receptor of ligand-activated transcription factor. FXR has been shown to be highly involved in liver regeneration. bAs and FXR not only interact with each other but also regulate various downstream targets independently during liver regeneration. Moreover, recent findings suggest that tissue-specific FXR also contributes to liver regeneration significantly. These novel findings suggest that FXR has much broader role than regulating bA, cholesterol, lipid and glucose metabolism. Therefore, these researches highlight FXR as an important pharmaceutical target for potentialuse of FXR ligands to regulate liver regeneration in clinic. This review focuses on the roles of bAs and FXR in liver regeneration and the current underlying molecular mechanisms which contribute to liver regeneration.

关键词： Farnesoid X receptor Liver regeneration bile acids Fibroblast growth factor 15 Liver-intestine croass talk Transmembrane G protein coupled receptor 5

In vivo mouse models to study bile acid synthesis and signaling

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第5期22卷 466-473页

作者： Anisha bhattacharya Rulaiha E Taylor grace L Guo Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Rutgers Center for Lipid Research RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA VA New Jersey Health Care System Veterans Administration Medical CenterEast OrangeNew JerseyUSA

The synthesis of bile acids(bAs)is carried out by complex pathways characterized by sequential chemical reactions in the liver through various cytochromes P450(CYP)and other *** the integrity of these pathways is crucial for normal physiological function in mammals,encompassing hepatic and neurological *** on the deficiencies in bA synthesis genes offers valuable insights into the significance of bAs in modulating farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signaling and metabolic *** creating mouse knockout(KO)models,researchers can manipulate deficiencies in genes involved in bA synthesis,which can be used to study human diseases with bA *** KO mouse models allow for a more profound understanding of the functions and regulations of genes responsible for bA ***,KO mouse models shed light on the distinct characteristics of individual bA and their roles in nuclear receptor ***,alterations of bA synthesis genes in mouse models have distinct differences when compared to human diseases caused by the same bA synthesis gene *** review summarizes several mouse KO models used to study bA synthesis and related human diseases,including mice deficient in Cyp7a1,Cyp27a1,Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1,Cyp8b1,Cyp7b1,Cyp2c70,Cyp2a12,and Cyp2c70/Cyp2a12,as well as germ-free mice.

关键词： bile acid Species difference Farnesoid X receptor Liver diseases

RELAXED INERTIAL METHODS FOR SOLVING SPLIT VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY PRObLEMS WITHOUT PRODUCT SPACE FORMULATION

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2022年第5期42卷 1701-1733页

作者： grace Nnennaya OGWO Chinedu IZUCHUKWU Oluwatosin Temitope MEWOMO School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Many methods have been proposed in the literature for solving the split variational inequality *** of these methods either require that this problem is transformed into an equivalent variational inequality problem in a product space,or that the underlying operators are ***,it has been discovered that such product space transformation may cause some potential difficulties during implementation and its approach may not fully exploit the attractive splitting nature of the split variational inequality *** the other hand,the co-coercive assumption of the underlying operators would preclude the potential applications of these *** avoid these setbacks,we propose two new relaxed inertial methods for solving the split variational inequality problem without any product space transformation,and for which the underlying operators are freed from the restrictive co-coercive *** methods proposed,involve projections onto half-spaces only,and originate from an explicit discretization of a dynamical system,which combines both the inertial and relaxation techniques in order to achieve high convergence ***,the sequence generated by these methods is shown to converge strongly to a minimum-norm solution of the problem in real Hilbert ***,numerical implementations and comparisons are given to support our theoretical findings.

关键词： split variational inequality problems relaxation technique inertial extrapolation minimum-norm solutions product space formulation half-spaces