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Retinoic acid signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 820-833页

作者： govindarajan thangavelu Gabriela Andrejeva Sara Bolivar-Wagers Sujeong Jin Michael C.Zaiken Michael Loschi Ethan G.Aguilar Scott N.Furlan Chrysothemis C.Brown Yu-Chi Lee Cameron McDonald Hyman Colby J.Feser Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari Keli L.Hippen Kelli P.MacDonald William J.Murphy Ivan Maillard Geoffrey R.Hill David H.Munn Robert Zeiser Leslie S.Kean Jeffrey C.Rathmell Hongbo Chi Randolph J.Noelle Bruce R.Blazar Department of Pediatrics Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville TNUSA Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWAUSA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Immunology Program and Ludwig CenterSloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUSA Department of Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research(QIMR)Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Departmentof Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Georgia Cancer Center Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Haematology Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationFaculty of MedicineFreiburg University Medical CentreFreiburgGermany Boston Children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute BostonMAUSA Department of Immunology St.Jude Children's ResearchHospitalMemphisTNUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported that ex vivo exposure to retinoic acid(RA)enhances Treg function and ***,it is unknown how RA receptor signaling in Tregs influences these processes in ***,we employed mouse models in which RA signaling is silenced by the expression of the dominant negative receptor(DN)RARαin all T *** the fact that DNRARαconventional T cells are hypofunctional,Tregs had increased CD25 expression,STAT5 pathway activation,mTORC1 signaling and supersuppressor ***,DNRARαTregs had increased inhibitory molecule expression,amino acid transporter expression,and metabolic fitness and decreased antiapoptotic *** function was observed when wild-type mice were treated with a pharmacologic pan-RAR ***,Treg-specific expression of DNRARαresulted in distinct phenotypes,such that a single allele of DNRARαin Tregs heightened their suppressive function,and biallelic expression led to loss of suppression and *** loss of Treg function was not cell intrinsic,as Tregs that developed in a noninflammatory milieu in chimeric mice reconstituted with DNRARαand wild-type bone marrow maintained the enhanced suppressive *** mapping suggested that maintaining Treg stability in an inflammatory milieu requires RA *** findings indicate that RA signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function in inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner.

关键词： Retinoic acid Tregulatory cells Autoimmunity Metabolism mTORC1 STAT5

Dysbiosis and colonic adenoma: The lethal link?

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第10期15卷 1376-1378页

作者： Krishna Kumar govindarajan Department of Pediatric Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPondicherry 605006India

Gut dysbiosis,a phenomenon in which the existing commensal microbiome cha-nges to an adverse microenvironment in the colon,is thought to lead to altered cellular *** this is involved in producing mucosal outgrowths such as polyps in the colon is *** the various mechanisms involved provides an in-depth understanding of the link between gut dysbiosis and colonic polyps.

关键词： Dysbiosis Adenoma Polyp Gut Microbiota

Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 106-111页

作者： Marimuthu govindarajan Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（***） and Anopheles subpictus（***）.Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation *** mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of *** and *** were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 *** larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory *** repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory ***:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito ***,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and *** with the LC50 and LC90 values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,*** the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than *** four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against *** and ***,***: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against *** and ***.

关键词： Cymbopogan citrates Cinnamomum zeylanicum Rosmarinus officinalis Zingiber officinale Essential ois Larvicidal activity Repellent activity Mosquito vectors

Evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Burm.f.(***) extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus(Say.) and Aedes aegypti(Linn.)(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第3期4卷 176-181页

作者： Marimuthu govindarajan Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar-608 002Tamil NaduIndia

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and ovicidal efficacy of different extracts of Andrographis paniculata（***） against Culex quinquefasciatus（***） Say and Aedes aegypti（*** ） L（Diptera:Culicidae）.Methods:Larvicidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of *** with five different solvents like benzene,hexane,ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the early third instar larvae of *** and *** ovicidal activity was determined against two mosquito species to various concentrations ranging from 50-300 ppm under the laboratory ***:The benzene, hexane,ethyl acetate,methanol and chloroform leaf extract of *** was found to be more effective against *** than *** LC50 values were 112.19,137.48, 118.67,102.05,91.20 ppm and 119.58,146.34,124.24,110.12,99.54 ppm *** five tested solvent,methanol and ethyl acetate crude extract was found to be most effective for ovicidal activity against two mosquito *** extract of methanol and ethyl acetate exerted 100%mortality at 200 ppm against *** and at 250 ppm against ***. Conclusions:From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of *** was a potential for controlling *** and *** mosquitoes.

关键词： Andrographis paniculata larvicidal activity Ovicidal activity Culex quinquefasciatus Aedes aegypti

Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.(Family:Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第9期3卷 691-695页

作者： Marimuthu govindarajan Division of Phytochemistry and Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm.F.（Family: Malvaceae）extract against Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Methods:Twenty five late III instar larve of three mosquito species were exposed to various concentrations（15-90 mg/L） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the Sida acuta leaf extract was determined following Probit analysis. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz.,1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under the laboratory ***:Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of crude extract of Sida acuta against three important mosquitoes with LC50 values ranging between 38 to 48 mg/*** crude extract had strong repellent action against three species of mosquitoes as it provided 100%protection against Anopheles stephensi for 180 min followed by Aedes aegypti（150 min） and Culex quinquefasciatus（120 min）.Conclusions: From the results it can be concluded the crude extract of Sida acuta was an excellent potential for controlling Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopleles stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： Sida acuta Mosquito vectors Larvicidal activity Repellent activity

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil from Clausena anisata (Willd.) *** Benth (Rutaceae) against three mosquito species

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第11期3卷 874-877页

作者： Marimuthu govindarajan Division of Phytochemistry and Vector Biology Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002India

Objective:To determine the mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oil and their chemical constituents from Clausena anisata（***）（Willd.） *** *** Culex quinquefasciatus,Aedes aegypti and Anopheles ***:Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography—mass *** mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty lateⅢinstar larvae of three mosquito species were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range tests,essential oil was tested at 50.100.150,200 and 250 ppm and each compound was tested at various concentration（5-75 ppm） and were assayed in the laboratory by using the protocol of WHO 2005:the 24 h LC50 values of the *** leaf essential oil and their major compounds were determined following Probit ***:The oil contained were mainlyβ-pinene（32.8%）,sabinene（28.3%）,germacrene-D（12.7%）,estragole （6.4%） and linalool（5.9%）.The essential oil from the leaves of *** exhibited significant larvicidal activity,with 24 h LC50 values of 140.96,130.19 and 119.59 *** five pure constituents extracted from the *** leaf essential oil were also tested individually against three mosquito *** LC50 values ofβ-pinene,sabinene,germacrene-D,estragole and linalool appeared to be most effective against Anopheles stephensi(LC50-23.17,19.67,16.95. 11.01,35.17 ppm) followed by Aedes aegypti(LC50-27.69,21.20,18.76,12.70,38.64 ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus(LC50-32.23,25.***.21.28,14.01,42.28).Conclusions:The essential oil of C. anisata contains five major compounds and has remarkable larvicidal properties,which may be considered as a potent source for the production of natural larvicides.

关键词： Mosquito vectors Clausena anisata Essential oil GC-MS analysis Larvicidal activity

Magnetic susceptibility measurements on metakaolin admixtured cement hydrated with ground water and sea water

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第3期16卷 349-354页

作者： D. govindarajan R. Gopalakrishnan Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar608002 Tamilnadu India

The role of metakaolin in the properties of Portland cement hydrated with ground water and sea water was described by magnetic susceptibility study. Cement pastes containing 0wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 30wt% replacement of metakaolin and in a water/cement （W/C） ratio of 0.4 were prepared. The susceptibility at different hydration periods was determined by Faraday Curie balance and it was related to the changes in setting time and compressive strength of admixtured cement. Compared with sea water-treated cement paste, the magnetic susceptibility of ground water-treated cement paste is higher in value. The observed result shows that, irrespective of water, the magnetic susceptibility increases with increasing metakaolin percentage replacement level in cement.

关键词： magnetic susceptibility admixtured cement hydration pozzolanic activity sea water

Selectivity switch in transformation of CO2 from ethanol to methanol on Cu embedded in the defect carbon

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第5期63卷 722-730页

作者： Shuohao Li govindarajan Saranya Mingyang Chen Yan Zhu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China Center for Green Innovation School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan 528000China

The copper-based catalysts have been generally regarded as high-performance catalysts for CO_2 hydrogenation toward methanol,while the production of ethanol via C–C coupling on the copper-based catalysts is still ***,we report a new catalyst where Cu nanoparticles are embedded in the carbon support with abundant defect sites,achieving a high selectivity for ethanol in the CO_2 *** experiments coupled with the theoretical studies show a clear map where carbon defects serve as anchor sites that can stabilize interfacial copper species,and interfacial Cu sites with low coordination numbers can adsorb two C_1 species and later convert them to a C_2 species via a hydrogenation-induced coupling *** adjacent Cu atoms of interfacial Cu sites can facilitate OH reduction reactions via the Cu–Cu bridge adsorption to assist the formation of ***,those specific active sites easily disappear in the reducing conditions and during the reaction,the major product can transform from ethanol to methanol.

关键词： CO2 ethanol methanol copper defect carbon

Mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against malarial vector,Anopheles stephensi Liston(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第12期4卷 941-947页

作者： Marimuthu govindarajan Rajamohan Sivakumar Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry Department of ZoologyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar - 608 002Tamil NaduIndia

ObjectiveTo determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of Eclipta alba (E. alba) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) against malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).MethodsAdulticidal efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of E. alba and A. paniculata with five different solvents like benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and chloroform was tested against the five to six day old adult female mosquitoes of An. stephensi. The adult mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions. The repellent efficacy was determined against An. stephensi mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.ResultsAmong the tested solvents the maximum efficacy was observed in the methanol extract. The LC50 and LC90 values of E. alba and A. paniculata against adults of An. stephensi were 150.36, 130.19 ppm and 285.22, 244.16 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in controls. The chi-square values were significant at P<0.05 level. Methanol extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was produce maximum repellency against An. stephensi.ConclusionsFrom the results it can be concluded the crude extract of E. alba and A. paniculata was an excellent potential for controlling An. stephensi mosquitoes.

关键词： Adulticidal activity Repellent activity Anopheles stephensi Eclipta alba Andrographis paniculata