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Why so little effort to study anti-oxidant therapy in burns?

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第3期4卷 167-168页

作者： gordon l.klei. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital301 University BoulevardGalvestonTX 77555-0165USA

Given that oxidative stress is an inherent response to burn injury,it is puzzling as to why investigation into anti-oxidant therapy as an adjunct to burn treatment has been *** the inflammatory response and the stress response to burn injury involve oxidative stress,and there has been some limited success in studies using gamma tocopherol and selenium to improve certain consequences of *** remains to be done to investigate the number,doses and combinations of anti-oxidants,their efficacy,and limitations in improving defined outcomes after burn injury.

关键词： Anti-oxidant Burn Oxidative stress

Oral product input to the GI tract： GIS an oral product performance technology

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 516-520页

作者： Amidon, gordon l. Tsume, Yasuhiro Univ Michigan Coll Pharm 428 Church St Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

The patient receives a pharmaceutical product, not a drug. The pharmaceutical products are formulated with a drug, an active ingredient to produce the maximum therapeutic effect after oral absorption. Therefore, it is the product we must optimize for the patients. In order to assure the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products, we need an in vivo predictive tool for oral product performance in patients. Currently, we are a surprisingly long way from accomplishing that objective. If the 20th century was the ＇age of the drug＇, i.e., the ＇magic bullet＇, the 21st century must become the ＇age of the guided missile＇, i.e., the delivery system, including the form of the active pharmaceutical ingredient （API）（＇drug＇）. The physical form of the drug and the delivery system must be optimized to maximize the therapeutic benefits of pharmaceutical products for humans. Oral immediate release （IR） dosage forms cannot be optimal for all drugs or likely even any drugs （APIs）. Still, the formulation of pharmaceutical products has to be optimized for patients. But how do we optimize oral delivery of drugs？ It is usually through ＇trial and error＇, in humans! We need a better way to optimize the oral dosage forms. We have suggested to select different dissolution methodologies for this optimization based on BCS Subclasses. In this article, we present the predicted in vivo drug dissolution profile of ketoconazole as a model drug from our laboratory utilizing a gastrointestinal simulator （GIS）, which is an adaptation of the ASD system. GIS consists of three chambers representing stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, to create the human gastrointestinal tract-like environment and enable the control the gastric emptying rate. This dissolution system allows the monitoring of the drug dissolution phenomena and the observation of the super- saturation and the precipitation of pharmaceutical pro- ducts, which is useful information to predict in vivo dissolution of pharmaceutical products. This

关键词： GIS in vivo predictive dissolution ketocona-zole BCS subclassification supersaturation

Single photon emission and recombination dynamics in self-assembled GaN/AlN quantum dots

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light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 751-765页

作者： Johann Stachurski Sebastian Tamariz gordon Callsen Raphaël Butté Nicolas Grandjean Institute of Physics École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneEPFLCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland Present address:UniversitéCôte d’Azur CNRSCRHEAF-06560 ValbonneFrance Present address:Institut für Festkörperphysik Universität Bremen28359 BremenGermany

Ⅲ-nitride quantum dots(QDs)are a promising system actively studied for their ability to maintain single photon emission up to room ***,we report on the evolution of the emission properties of self-assembled GaN/AlN QDs for temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 *** carefully track the photoluminescence of a single QD and measure an optimum single photon purity of g^((2))(0)=0.05±0.02 at 5 K and 0.17±0.08 at 300 *** complement this study with temperature dependent time-resolved photoluminescence measurements(TRPl)performed on a QD ensemble to further investigate the exciton recombination dynamics of such polar zero-dimensional *** comparing our results to past reports,we emphasize the complexity of recombination processes in this *** of the more conventional mono-exponential decay typical of exciton recombination,TRPl transients display a bi-exponential feature with short-and long-lived components that persist in the low excitation *** the temperature insensitivity of the long-lived excitonic component,we first discard the interplay of dark-to-bright state refilling in the exciton recombination ***,this temperature-invariance also highlights the absence of nonradiative exciton recombinations,a likely direct consequence of the strong carrier confinement observed in GaN/AlN QDs up to 300 ***,our results support the viability of these dots as a potential single-photon source for quantum applications at room temperature.

关键词： temperature. process. quantum

local heroes or villains:tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第2期17卷 113-122页

作者： S.C.Sasson C.l.gordon S.N.Christo P.Klenerman l.K.Mackay Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases Austin HealthMelbourneVICAustralia Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research University of OxfordOxfordUK

Tissue-resident memory T(T_(RM))cells are increasingly associated with the outcomes of health and disease.T_(RM) cells can mediate local immune protection against infections and cancer,which has led to interest in T_(RM) cells as targets for vaccination and ***,these cells have also been implicated in mediating detrimental pro-inflammatory responses in autoimmune skin diseases such as psoriasis,alopecia areata,and ***,we summarize the biology of T_(RM) cells established in animal models and in translational human *** review the beneficial effects of T_(RM) cells in mediating protective responses against infection and cancer and the adverse role of T_(RM) cells in driving pathology in autoimmunity.A further understanding of the breadth and mechanisms of T_(RM) cell activity is essential for the safe design of strategies that manipulate T_(RM) cells,such that protective responses can be enhanced without unwanted tissue damage,and pathogenic T_(RM) cells can be eliminated without losing local immunity.

关键词： human T cells tissue-resident memory immunity

Delayed reconstruction of lateral complex structures of the ankle

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2011年第4期2卷 31-36页

作者： gordon l Slater Alejandro E Pino Martin O’Malley Sports Foot and Ankle Surgery Edgecliff Sydney NSW 2027Australia Hospital for Special Surgery Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery535 E 70 St.New YorkNY 10021United States Hospital for Special Surgery Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery535 E 70th St.New YorkNY 10021United States

lateral ankle instability is one of the most common and well-recognized conditions presenting to foot and ankle *** may exist as an isolated entity or in conjunction with other concomitant pathology,making it important to appropriately diagnose and identify other conditions that may need to be addressed as part of *** associated conditions may be a source of chronic pain,even when the instability has been appropriately treated,or may lead to failure of treatment by predisposing the patient to ankle inversion *** primary goal of this editorial is to provide a brief summary of the common techniques used in the delayed reconstruction of lateral ankle ligamentous injuries and present a method we have successfully employed for over 15 *** will also briefly discuss the diagnosis and treatment of the more common associated conditions,which are important to identify to achieve satisfactory results for the *** present the outcomes of 250 consecutive reconstructions performed over the last 10 years and describe our operative technique for addressing lateral ankle ligamentous injuries.

关键词： lateral ankle ligaments Ankle instability Ankle ligament reconstruction Anatomic ligament reconstruction Ankle sprain

Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： gordon P.Smith Goggy Davidowitz Ruben Alarcón Daniel R.Papaj Judith l.Bronstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA Department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field and laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths intraspecific variation pollination sex differences

Whole genome phylogeny of Gallus: introgression and data-type effects

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 1-15页

作者： George P.Tiley Akanksha Pandey Rebecca T.Kimball Edward l.Braun J.gordon Burleigh Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Background: Previous phylogenetic studies that include the four recognized species of Gallus have resulted in a number of distinct topologies, with little agreement. Several factors could lead to the failure to converge on a consistent topology, including introgression, incomplete lineage sorting, different data types, or insufficient ***: We generated three novel whole genome assemblies for Gallus species, which we combined with data from the published genomes of Gallus gallus and Bambusicola thoracicus(a member of the sister genus to Gallus). To determine why previous studies have failed to converge on a single topology, we extracted large numbers of orthologous exons, introns, ultra-conserved elements, and conserved non-exonic elements from the genome assemblies. This provided more than 32 million base pairs of data that we used for concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent analyses of ***: All of our analyses, regardless of data type, yielded a single, well-supported topology. We found some evidence for ancient introgression involving specific Gallus lineages as well as modest data type effects that had an impact on support and branch length estimates in specific analyses. However, the estimated gene tree spectra for all data types had a relatively good fit to their expectation given the multispecies ***: Overall, our data suggest that conflicts among previous studies probably reflect the use of smaller datasets(both in terms of number of sites and of loci) in those analyses. Our results demonstrate the importance of sampling large numbers of loci, each of which has a sufficient number of sites to provide robust estimates of gene trees. low-coverage whole genome sequencing, as we did here, represents a cost-effective means to generate the very large data sets that include multiple data types that enabled us to obtain a robust estimate of Gallus phylogeny.

关键词： Galliformes Incomplete lineage sorting Junglefowl Multispecies coalescent Phasianidae Phylogenomics Species tree

Continuous conversion of methanol to higher hydrocarbons at ambient pressure

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第5期19卷 461-462页

作者： William W.Porterfield gordon M.Zrelak l.Avery Moncure Matthew D.Huff Hampden-Sydney College Pennsylvania State University University Park UNC-Charlotte

An iodozincate ionic liquid solvent and catalyst is used to convert methanol continuously to a wide variety of hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure.

关键词： methanol conversion zinc iodide hydrocarbon formation

A cost-effective, simple and high-throughput method for DNA extraction from insects

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Insect Science 2010年第5期17卷 465-470页

作者： Malgorzata lagisz gordon Port Kirsten Wolff School of Biology Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

We present a high-throughput cost-effective method to extract DNA suitable for polymerase chain reaction （PCR） from insect tissue. The method uses standard 200μl- deep 96-well plates in which samples are ground, digested and subsequently purified. The test extraction using four different insect species and controlling for potential contamination showed that the method yields good-quantity and quality DNA. PCR with mitochondrial and nuclear primers was reliable. The proposed extraction protocol combines the speed of commercial 96-well plate methods with the economies associated with readily available and cheap laboratory chemicals, consumables and equipment. Therefore, this method is particularly suitable for low-budget research projects and for laboratories with only basic equipment present.

关键词： DNA extraction genetic isolation molecular technique