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A Generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array Geometry With Novel Trapezoidal Switching

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1967-1972页

作者： gopi ram Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)*** various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication *** work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time *** time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over ***,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(SLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CSO)approach.

关键词： Hexagonal array geometry radiation pattern time-modulation trapezoidal pulse

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An Evolutionary Approach to Improve the Beam Steering Performance over Conventional Approach in CHAA

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2023年第2期8卷 164-170页

作者： K Akhitha gopi ram National Institute of Technology Warangal 506004India

In this work,evolutionary algorithms are applied for the first time to achieve better radiation characteristics over the conventional beamforming algorithm in the concentric hexagonal antenna array(CHAA),which improves the performance of wireless *** signal classification(MUSIC)algorithm is employed for direction of arrival(DoA)*** conventional adaptive beam steering algorithm,least mean-square(LMS)algorithm,is used to steer the ***,the proposed approach is employed by novel particle swarm optimization(NPSO)to reduce sidelobe level(SLL)even further.A six-ring CHAA with 126 elements for DoA estimation and beam steering is *** simulation results of the MUSIC,LMS,NPSO,and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms are provided for various DoAs.

关键词： smart antenna hexagonal array PSO MUSIC algorithm LMS algorithm DoA estimation beam steering NPSO

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Optimal array factor radiation pattern synthesis for linear antenna array using cat swarm optimization： validation by an electromagnetic simulator

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2017年第4期18卷 570-577页

作者： gopi ram Durbadal MANDAL Sakti Prasad GHOSHAL Rajib KAR Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209 India Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209 India

In this paper, an optimal design of linear antenna arrays having microstrip patch antenna elements has been carried out Cat swarm optimization （CSO） has been applied for the optimization of the control parameters of radiation pattern of an antenna array. The optimal radiation patterns of isotropic antenna elements are obtained by optimizing the current excitation weight of each element and the inter-element spacing. The antenna arrays of 12, 16, and 20 elements are taken as examples. The arrays are designed by using MATLAB computation and are validated through Computer Simulation Technology-Microwave Studio （CST-MWS）. From the simulation results it is evident that CSO is able to yield the optimal design of linear antenna arrays of patch antenna elements.

关键词： Patch antenna Linear antenna array Cat swarm optimization (CSO) Side lobe level (SLL)

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Adaptive Cell Segmentation and Tracking for Volumetric Confocal Microscopy Images of a Developing Plant Meristem

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 922-931页

作者： Min Liu Anirban Chakrabortyt Damanpreet Singh ram Kishor Yadav gopi Meenakshisundaram G. Venugopala Reddy Amit Roy-Chowdhury Department of Electrical Engineering University of California Riverside CA USA Department of Computer Science University of California Irvine CA USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology University of California Riverside CA USA

Automated segmentation and tracking of cells in actively developing tissues can provide high-throughput and quantitative spatiotemporal measurements of a range of cell behaviors; cell expansion and cell-division kinetics leading to a better understanding of the underlying dynamics of morphogenesis. Here, we have studied the problem of constructing cell lineages in time-lapse volumetric image stacks obtained using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy （CLSM）. The novel contribution of the work lies in its ability to segment and track cells in densely packed tissue, the shoot apical meristem （SAM）, through the use of a close-loop, adaptive segmentation, and tracking approach. The tracking output acts as an indicator of the quality of segmentation and, in turn, the segmentation can be improved to obtain better tracking results. We construct an optimization function that minimizes the segmentation error, which is, in turn, estimated from the tracking results. This adaptive approach significantly improves both tracking and segmentation when compared to an open loop framework in which segmentation and tracking modules operate separately.

关键词： Shoot apical meristem stem cells cell tracking cell segmentation integrated segmentation and tracking

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Another simple regimen for perioperative management of diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第9期10卷 481-484页

作者： M.S.Raghuraman Priyanka Selvam Srividya gopi Department of Anesthesiology Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre

Persons with diabetes who require surgical procedures are increasing day by *** of the regimens available to manage patients with diabetes perioperatively are ***,the junior doctors and the paramedics(Primary care providers on a 24/7 basis)find it difficult to execute *** need a simple regimen that can be executed in a primary care setting/general floor as it is becoming difficult to accommodate the patients in a sophisticated setting because of the increasing burden of the *** suggest a simple regimen in this article(ram’s regimen)which we believe safer,economical and more effective than few simple regimens available to ***,this regimen does not require any additional equipment such as syringe pumps,measured-volume set,***,this regimen can be implemented in a primary care setting/general floor easily and we hope that it will be useful for doctors of various specialties and their patients.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin therapy Perioperative management Simple regimen

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