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Specialized metabolites as versatile tools in shaping plant-microbe associations

Molecular Plant 2023年第1期16卷 122-144页

作者： gopal singh Himani Agrawal Paweł Bednarek Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesNoskowskiego 12/1461-704 PoznańPoland

Plants are rich repository of a large number of chemical compounds collectively referred to as specialized *** compounds are of importance for adaptive processes including responses against changing abiotic conditions and interactions with various co-existing *** of the strikingly affirmed functions of these specialized metabolites is their involvement in plants’life-long interactions with complex multi-kingdom microbiomes including both beneficial and harmful *** developments in genomic and molecular biology tools not only help to generate well-curated information about regulatory and structural components of biosynthetic pathways of plant specialized metabolites but also to create and screen mutant lines defective in their *** this review,we have comprehensively surveyed the function of these specialized metabolites and discussed recent research findings demonstrating the responses of various microbes on tested mutant lines having defective biosynthesis of particular *** addition,we attempt to provide key clues about the impact of these metabolites on the assembly of the plant microbiome by summarizing the major findings of recent comparative metagenomic analyses of available mutant lines under customized and natural microbial ***,we delineate benchmark initiatives that aim to engineer or manipulate the biosynthetic pathways to produce specialized metabolites in heterologous systems but also to diversify their immune *** denoting the function of these metabolites,we also discuss the critical bottlenecks associated with understanding and exploiting their function in improving plant adaptation to the environment.

关键词： microbiome nitrogen/sulfur-containing compounds phenylpropanoids plant immunity symbiosis terpenoids

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Protective effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf extract on ethanol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第8期11卷 467-472页

作者： Lalit Sharma Aditi Sharma G.L.Gupta gopal singh Bisht Department of Pharmacy Jaypee University of Information Technology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sholini University Department of Pharmacology SPPSPTM SVKM'S NMIMS University Department of BT and BI Jaypee University of Information Technology

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Oscimum sanctum L(O. sanctum), an important medicinal herb, on alcohol withdrawal syndrome in Wistar rats. Methods: Liquid diet with 7.2%, v/v ethanol was administered to the rats for 21 d. Control group animals received sucrose as an isocaloric liquid diet. After alcohol withdrawal, rats were examined at 6 th and 24 th hour for major withdrawal signs that included anxiety and hyper locomotor activity. Ethanol withdrawal anxiety was tested using elevated plus maze, light and dark model; the hyper locomotor activity using actophotometer. O. sanctum leaf extract(100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral) and diazepam(2 mg/kg, i.p) were administered to the treatment group animals 30 min before alcohol withdrawal estimation. Drug treatment was also given 30 min before the second observation at 24 th hour. On the last day of the protocol, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation liver, kidney and brain were isolated and preserved in formalin for further histopathological examination. Results: Findings from the present study revealed that O. Sanctum leaf extract treatment at doses 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, oral had a significant protective effect on signs and symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in alcohol-dependent rats. However, no remarkable pathological and microscopic alterations were observed in histopathological examination. Conclusions: O. sanctum seems to be an active drug for the treatment of alcohol abstinence syndrome.

关键词： Oscimum sanctum Ethanol withdrawal syndrome Anxiety Hyperlocomotor activity Histopathology

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Mass Foliar Damage at Subalpine-Timberline Ecotone in Western Himalaya Due to Extreme Climatic Events

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American Journal of Climate Change 2012年第2期1卷 104-107页

作者： Ishwari Datt Rai Bhupendra singh Adhikari gopal singh Rawat Department of Habitat Ecology Wildlife Institute of India Dehradun India Ecosystem Services International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Kathmandu Nepal

Glimpses of unusual climatic conditions such as high summer temperature, heavy rainfall as well as snowfall and low winter temperature were noticed during 2010-2011 in subalpine-timberline (2700 - 3600 m) zones of Western Himalaya. Abundant winter injury to the current year (2010) foliage and shoot of Rhododendron arboretum and Quercus semecarpifolia became apparent in winters of 2010-2011. The foliar and bud mortality both increased with elevation beyond 2800 m and maximum along the edges of forest. Rhododendron campanulatum was another species which also got affected throughout the Western Himalaya. Such events were not reported earlier from the region and current observations indicate the high sensitivity of the plant species to the extreme inter-annual climatic variations.

关键词： Foliar Damage Extreme Climate Western Himalaya

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Outcome of patients with traumatic cranial nerve palsy admitted to a university hospital in Nepal

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中华神经外科杂志(英文) 2024年第2期10卷 1-7页

作者： Kumari Khusbu Gautam Naveen Parajuli Monika singh Shreejana Pradhananga Amit Sedai gopal Shilpakar Sushil Sharma Mohan Raj Maharajgunj Medical Campus Institute of Medicine Tribhuvan University Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal Department of Research Institute of Medicine Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal Department of Neurosurgery Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Maharajgunj Kathmandu Nepal

Background Cranial nerve palsy (CNP) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite a high incidence of TBI in Nepal (382 per 100,000), literature on the specific management and outcome of CNP is lacking. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of TBI patients involving single versus multiple *** A retrospective chart review of 170 consecutive TBI patients admitted to the tertiary neurosurgical center in Nepal between April 2020 and April 2022 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics; imaging findings; and management strategies were recorded, compared, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) was used to measure the outcomes in two groups of patients (single and multiple CNP) at 3 *** Out of 250 eligible patients, 80 were excluded and CNP was noted in 29 (17.1%) of the remaining 170. The median age was 34.9 years, and falls (60.6%) were the most common cause of trauma. TBI severity was categorized based on GCS: mild (82.4%), moderate (15.9%), and severe (1.8%). Cranial nerve involvement was seen in 29 (17.05%) patients: single cranial nerve involvement in 26 (89.65%) and multiple nerve involvement in 3 (10.34%). The most common isolated cranial nerve involved was the oculomotor nerve (37.9%). CT findings revealed a maximum of skull fractures with no significant association between CNP and CT *** CNP is a common consequence of TBI with the most common etiology being falls followed by RTA. Single CNP was more common than multiple CNP with no significant difference in the outcome in the 3-month GOSE score. Further research is needed to determine the burden of traumatic CNP and establish specific management guidelines for different types of CNP.

关键词： Cranial nerve palsy Nepal Outcome Traumatic brain injury

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Mass Foliar Damage at Subalpine-Timberline Ecotone in Western Himalaya Due to Extreme Climatic Events

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American Journal of Climate Change（美国气候变化期刊） 2012年第2期 104-107页

作者： Ishwari Datt Rai Bhupendra singh Adhikari gopal singh Rawat

Glimpses of unusual climatic conditions such as high summer temperature, heavy rainfall as well as snowfall and low winter temperature were noticed during 2010-2011 in subalpine-timberline (2700 - 3600 m) zones of Western Himalaya. Abundant winter injury to the current year (2010) foliage and shoot of Rhododendron arboreum and Quercus semecarpifolia became apparent in winters of 2010-2011. The foliar and bud mortality both increased with elevation beyond 2800 m and maximum along the edges of forest. Rhododendron campanulatum was another species which also got affected throughout the Western Himalaya. Such events were not reported earlier from the region and current observations indicate the high sensitivity of the plant species to the extreme inter-annual climatic variations.

关键词： Foliar Damage Extreme Climate Western Himalaya

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Geometric grid network and third-order compact scheme for solving nonlinear variable coefficients 3D elliptic PDEs

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2018年第6期9卷 72-99页

作者： Navnit Jha Venu gopal Bhagat singh Department of Mathematics South Asian University ChanakyapuriNew Delhi 110070India The School of Mathematical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026P.R.China

By using nonuniform(geometric)grid network,a new high-order finite-difference compact scheme has been obtained for the numerical solution of three-space dimensions partial differential equations of elliptic *** cell discretization to the elliptic equation makes it easier to compute and exhibit stability of the numerical *** monotone and irreducible property of the Jacobian matrix to the system of difference equations analyses the converging behavior of the numerical solution *** an experiment,applications of the compact scheme to Schr¨odinger equations,sine-Gordon equations,elliptic Allen–Cahn equation and Poisson’s equation have been presented with root mean squared errors of exact and approximate solution *** results corroborate the reliability and efficiency of the scheme.

关键词： Finite-difference method nonuniform grid compact operator monotone matrix sine-Gordon equation elliptic Allen-Cahn equation.

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In-vitro scolicidal activity of Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell Arg. fruit glandular hair extract against hydatid cyst Echinococcus granulosus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第8期6卷 595-601页

作者： Mayank Gangwar Vijay C Verma Tryambak D singh Sushil K singh RK Goel gopal Nath Department of Microbiology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Pharmacology Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Medicinal Chemistry Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University

Objective: To investigate new scolicidal agent from natural resources to cope with the side effects associated with synthetic drugs in Echinococcosis. Methods: The scolicidal potential of methanolic fruit powder extract (10 and 20 mg/mL) of Mallotus philippinensis ( M. philippinensis ) was investigated. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by trypan blue exclusion method, where mortality was observed at concentration of 10 and 20 mg/mL in 60 min treatment against Echinococcus granulosus ( E. granulosus ), under in-vitro conditions with reference to the known standard drug Praziquantel . Results: At concentration 10 and 20 mg/mL, the mortality rate was observed 97% and 99% respectively for 60 min treatment; while up to 93% mortality was observed with 20 mg/mL for only 10 min treatment. The concentration above 20 mg/mL for above 2 h showed 100% mortality, irrespective of further incubation. Conclusions: As compared with the standard anti-parasitic drug Praziquantel our extract has significant scolicidal activity with almost no associated side effects.

关键词： Protoscolicidal Echinococcus Hydatidosis Mallotus sp. Anti-helminthic agents Trypan blue

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Elevation, Slope Aspect and Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on Crop Productivity and Soil Quality in North-west Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1208-1217页

作者： Birendra Nath GHOSH Narinder Kumar SHARMA Nurnabi Meherul ALAM Raman Jeet singh gopal Prasad JUYAL Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute 218 Kaulagarh Road Dehradun-248 195 Uttarakhand India

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.

关键词： Elevation Crop productivity Integrated nutrient management(INM) Slope aspect and soil quality

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Nonlinear mixing-based terahertz emission in inclined rippled density plasmas

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 384-390页

作者： K gopal A P singh S Divya Rajdhani College Department of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia Computational Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Rajdhani CollegeDepartment of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia

We propose to investigate the THz field generation using nonlinear mixing mechanism of laser beat wave with inclined rippled density *** laser pulses with frequencies(ω_(1),ω_(2)) and wave vectors(k_(1),k_(2)) co-propagate and resultant laser beat wave forms at beat frequency(ω_(1)-ω_(2)).Laser beat wave imparts a nonlinear force on the ambient electrons and pushes them outward with nonlinear velocity v_(NL).Coupling of induced density perturbation and nonlinear velocity v_(NL)generates nonlinear currents at laser beat frequency that further generates electromagnetic field E_((ω_(1)-ω_(2))) in terahertz(THz)*** the present scheme,density ripples are introduced at an angle with respect to laser propagation and flat Gaussian index(f) is introduced in laser field profile that transform curved top of Gaussian field envelope into flat top field *** combined effect of flat laser pulses with inclined density ripples in plasmas shows 10-fold enhancement in THz field amplitude when flat-Gaussian index(f) varies from 1 to ***,the THz field intensifies when density ripples inclination increases upto a certain angle and then decreases.

关键词： terahertz inclined ripple flat laser laser plasma interaction

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The clinical outcomes of laser with suction device in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第1期9卷 63-68页

作者： Abhishek Gajendra singh Sundaram Palaniappan Shrikant Jai gopal Tak Arvind Ganpule Ravindra Sabnis Mahesh Desai Department of Urology Muljibhai Patel Urological HospitalVirendradesai MargNadiadGujaratIndia

Objective:To evaluate the safety,efficacy and feasibility of laser with suction device in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mini-PCNL).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted including 200 patients who underwent mini-PCNL for renal *** patients underwent PCNL using Electro-Medical Systems *** addition to the laser in 100 patients,a suction device was used(laser with suction[LWS]).In the other 100,suction device was not used(laser with no additional suction[LOS]).Mini-PCNL was performed using standard technique and Karl Storz minimally invasive PCNL-medium system was *** end point was stone ***:Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic *** stone size was 15.24±5.90 mm and 16.16±5.53 mm in LWS and LOS,*** Hounsfield unit of stone was 1285.64 and 1206.79 in LWS and LOS,*** time was less in LWS group(56.89±19.65 min)as compared to LOS(62.01±28.81 min).At one-month follow-up,radiological complete clearance was 96%in LWS and 92%in *** subgroup analysis of stones larger than 18 mm,the clearance rate was in favour of LWS(85.7%vs.100%)and also the need for nephrostomy placement was less in LWS ***:LWS device is safe and efficacious when used with *** stones greater than 18 mm,it has a better stone free rate as compared to using no suction.

关键词： Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy Laser with suction Stone clearance

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