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HIDA scan for functional gallbladder disorder： ensure that you know how the scan was done

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 197-201页

作者： Naeem Goussous Hadia Maqsood Ethan Spiegler gopal c.kowdley Steven c cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital Baltimore USA Department of Nuclear Medicine Saint Agnes Hospital Baltimore USA

BAcKGROUND： Despite the increasing use of fatty meal（FM） as a substitute for cholecystokinin（ccK） in pain reproduction during hepato-imino-diacetic acid（HIDA） scan in functional gallbladder disorder, there are no studies comparing the differences between ccK and FM. The present study was to compare the efficacy of FM in comparison of ccK in FGBD application. METHODS： Patients undergoing HIDA scans from August 2013 to May 2014 were divided into two groups： those undergoing ccK-stimulated HIDA scan versus FM-stimulated HIDA scan. These groups were compared according to demographics and HIDA ***： Of 153 patients, 70 received ccK and 83 FM. There was no difference regarding age, gender, gallstones, gallbladder ejection fraction and time to visualization. However, significantly more of the patients receiving ccK than FM experienced pain reproduction（61% vs 30%, P〈0.01）.cONcLUSIONS： Stimulation of gallbladder contractility with a FM during HIDA is less than half as likely to reproduce biliary symptoms compared to ccK, despite similar ejection fractions and other parameters. It is essential that providers account for this difference when counseling patients regarding cholecystectomy for functional gallbladder disorder.

关键词： gallbladder dysfunction biliary dyskinesia cholecystokinin hepato-imino-diacetic acid

Detecting accidental punctures and lacerations during cholecystectomy in large datasets: Two methods of analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 430-436页

作者： Artem Shmelev Anne M Sill gopal c.kowdley Juan A Sanchez Steven c cunningham Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital and Cancer Center

Background: After the Institute of Medicine(IOM) report To Err Is Human highlighted the impact of medical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to improve quality by identifying potential inpatient safety problems. PSI-15 was created to study accidental punctures and lacerations(APL), but PSI-15 may underestimate APLs in populations of patients. This study compares PSI-15 with a more inclusive approach using a novel composite of secondary diagnostic and procedural codes. Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS) data(20 0 0–2012) from AHRQ’s Healthcare cost and Utilization Project(H-cUP). We analyzed PSI-15-positive and-negative cholecystectomies. cross tabulations identified codes that were significantly more frequent among PSI-15-positive cases; these secondary diagnostic and procedural codes were selected as candidate members of a composite marker(cM) of APL. We chose cholecystectomy patients for study because this is one of the most common general operations, and the large size of NIS allows for meaningful analysis of infrequent occurrences such as APL rates. Results: cM identified 1.13 times more APLs than did PSI-15. Patients with cM-detected APLs were significantly older and had worse mortality, comorbidities, lengths of stay, and charges than those detected with PSI-15. Further comparison of these two approaches revealed that time-series analysis for both APL markers revealed parallel trends, with inflections in 2007, and lowest APL rates in July. conclusions: Although cM may yield more false positives, it appears more inclusive, identifying more clinically significant APLs, than PSI-15. Both measures presented similar trends over time, arguing against inflation in PSI-15 reporting. While arguably less specific, cM may increase sensitivity for detecting APL events during cholecystectomies. These results may inform the interpretation of other large population studies of APLs following abd

关键词： cholecystectomy Patient safety Accidental lacerations AHRQ PSI-15

Effects of Boron Nitride Nanopowder on Thermal, chemical and Gas Barrier Properties of Starch

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第10期32卷 1311-1318页

作者： gopal c. Pradhan Lingaraj Behera Sarat K. Swain Department of chemistry North Orissa University Takatpur Baripada 757003 India Department of chemistry Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Burla Sambalpur 768018 India

Starch/boron nitride （starch/BN） bionanocomposites were prepared with the reinforcement of boron nitride nano powder by solution technique. The dispersion of BN in the starch was achieved by a continuous sonication process. The interaction between starch and boron nitride nanopowder was investigated by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy. The structural properties of starch/BN bionanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） was used for the study of dispersion of boron nitride in starch matrix and diffraction patterns were studied by selected area electron diffraction （SAED）. Thermal stability of the starch was increased with rising concentrations of boron nitride due to incorporation of rigid nano BN with starch matrix. The substantial reduction in oxygen permeability was obtained by increasing the concentration of BN. The biodegradability of synthesized bionanocomposites was measured by using activated sludge water. Further, it was noticed that, starch/BN bionanocomposites are resistant towards inorganic acids and bases. The tensile strength of starch/BN bionanocomposites was increased whereas; the water resistance property of the materials was decreased with increasing BN loading.

关键词： Starch Boron nitride Bionanocomposites Oxygen permeability.

Approaches for enhancing the photocatalytic activities of barium titanate:A review

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2022年第10期31卷 160-188,I0004页

作者： gopal Panthi Mira Park carbon composite Energy Nanomaterials Research center Woosuk UniversityWanjuChonbuk 55338Republic of Korea Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care(WSCLC)Woosuk UniversityWanjuChonbuk 55338Republic of Korea

Barium titanate(Ba TiO_(3)),a dielectric/ferroelectric semiconductor with perovskite structures is the most widely used photocatalyst in the field of environmental applications due to its low-cost,chemical stability,and *** types and forms of Ba TiO_(3)have shown their great potential toward the significant photocatalytic reactions owing to the several beneficial properties,including appropriate band positions,high oxygen vacancies,multiple crystal structures,the feasibility of size and morphology tailoring,spontaneous polarization,rapid migration of photogenerated charge carriers,and band ***,the large band gap and recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit the overall photocatalytic efficiency of Ba TiO_(3).These difficulties can be further overcome by modifying the electronic band structure of Ba TiO_(3)to broaden its absorption to the visible region of the ***,this review encompasses various strategies,including modification of sizes and morphologies of particles by varying the reaction time and synthesis temperature,doping with non-metals/metals,loading with noble metals,and forming heterojunctions for enhancing the photocatalytic activities of Ba TiO_(3)-based photocatalysts possessing the effective capability of charge carrier separation,trapping and their transfer to the surface of ***,this review highlights the photocatalytic applications of Ba TiO_(3)-based photocatalysts along with the proposed mechanism in dyes/drugs degradation,H_(2)production,and bacteria killing.

关键词： Electrospinning BaTiO_(3)-photocatalyst Ferroelectricity Heterojunction Environmental remediation

Energetic etiologies of acute pancreatitis: A report of five cases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2015年第4期6卷 243-248页

作者： Artem Shmelev Alain Abdo Sarina Sachdev Urvi Shah gopal c.kowdley Steven c cunningham The Department of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital

There are several common causes of acute pancreatitis, principally excessive alcohol intake and gallstones, and there are many rare causes. However, cases of pancreatitis still occur in the absence of any recognizable factors, and these cases of idiopathic pancreatitis suggest the presence of unrecognized etiologies. Five cases of acute pancreatitis in four patients came to attention due to a strong temporal association with exposure to nerve stimulators and energy drinks. Given that these cases of pancreatitis were otherwise unexplained, and given that these exposures were not clearly known to be associated with pancreatitis, we performed a search for precedent cases and for mechanistic bases. No clear precedent cases were found in Pub Med and only scant, weak precedent cases were found in public-health databases. However, there was a coherent body of intriguing literature in support of a mechanistic basis for these exposures playing a role in the etiology of pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis Energy drinks Transcutaneous electric

Molecular biology techniques for the surgeon

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World Journal of Surgical Procedures 2012年第2期2卷 5-15页

作者： gopal kowdley Subramanya Srikantan Kotb Abdelmohsen Myriam Gorospe Javeed Khan Department of Surgery St Agnes Hospital Baltimore MD 21229 United States Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology National Institute on Aging NIH Baltimore MD 21224 United States

New technologies are constantly being introduced into the medical and surgical fields. These technologies come in the form of newer medicines, imaging methods and prognostic tools, among others, and allow clinicians to make more rational and informed decisions on the care of their patients. Many of these technologies utilize advanced techniques which are at the forefront of many research fields and represent a transition of bench advances into the clinical realm. This review will highlight four technologies that are at the forefront in the treatment of oncology patients treated by surgeons on a daily basis. circulating tumor cells, microarray analysis, proteomic studies and rapid sequencing technologies will be highlighted. These technologies will be reviewed and their potential use in the care o surgical patients will be discussed.

关键词： Methods Molecular diagnostic techniques Medical oncology General surgery MT

Mysteries of R^ik=0： A novel paradigm in Einstein＇s theory of gravitation

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第1期9卷 98-112页

作者： Ram gopal Vishwakarma Unidad Academica de Matemdticas Universidad Autdnoma de Zacatecas C.P. 98068 Zacatecas ZAC Mexico

Despite a century-long effort, a proper energy-stress tensor of the gravitational field, could not have been discovered. Furthermore, it has been discovered recently that the standard formulation of the energy-stress tensor of matter, suffers from various inconsistencies and paradoxes, concluding that the tensor is not consistent with the geometric formulation of gravitation [Astrophys. Space Sci., 2009, 321： 151; Astrophys. Space Sei., 2012, 340： 373]. This perhaps hints that a consistent theory of gravitation should not have any bearing on the energy-stress tensor. It is shown here that the so-called ＂vacuum＂ field equations Rik = 0 do not represent an empty spacetime, and the energy, momenta and angular momenta of the gravitational and the matter fields are revealed through the geometry, without including any formulation thereof in the field equations. Though, this novel discovery appears baffling and orthogonal to the usual understanding, is consistent with the observations at all scales, without requiring the Moreover, the resulting theory circumvents the besides explaining some unexplained puzzles. hypothetical dark matter, dark energy or inflation long-standing problems of the standard cosmology

关键词： general relativity and gravitation - fundamental problems and general formalism cos-mological observations

Nonlinear mixing-based terahertz emission in inclined rippled density plasmas

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chinese Physics B 2023年第6期32卷 384-390页

作者： K gopal A P Singh S Divya Rajdhani college Department of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia computational Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Rajdhani CollegeDepartment of Physics&ElectronicsUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia

We propose to investigate the THz field generation using nonlinear mixing mechanism of laser beat wave with inclined rippled density *** laser pulses with frequencies(ω_(1),ω_(2)) and wave vectors(k_(1),k_(2)) co-propagate and resultant laser beat wave forms at beat frequency(ω_(1)-ω_(2)).Laser beat wave imparts a nonlinear force on the ambient electrons and pushes them outward with nonlinear velocity v_(NL).coupling of induced density perturbation and nonlinear velocity v_(NL)generates nonlinear currents at laser beat frequency that further generates electromagnetic field E_((ω_(1)-ω_(2))) in terahertz(THz)*** the present scheme,density ripples are introduced at an angle with respect to laser propagation and flat Gaussian index(f) is introduced in laser field profile that transform curved top of Gaussian field envelope into flat top field *** combined effect of flat laser pulses with inclined density ripples in plasmas shows 10-fold enhancement in THz field amplitude when flat-Gaussian index(f) varies from 1 to ***,the THz field intensifies when density ripples inclination increases upto a certain angle and then decreases.

关键词： terahertz inclined ripple flat laser laser plasma interaction

Metallic wastewater treatment by sulfate reduction using anaerobic rotating biological contactor reactor under high metal loading conditions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第4期12卷 119-129页

作者： Mothe Gopi Kiran Kannan Pakshirajan gopal Das centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India Department of chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 Assam India

This study was aimed at investigating the performance of anaerobic rotating biological cont- reactor treating synthetic wastewater containing a mixture of heavy metals under sulfate redu condition. Statistically valid factorial design of experiments was carried out to understand dynamics of metal removal using this bioreactor system. copper removal was maximum （〉98% followed by other heavy metals at their respective low inlet concentrations. Metal loading rates than 3.7 mg/L· h in case of cu（II）; less than 1.69 mg/L· h for Ni（II）, Pb（II）, Zn（II）, Fe（III） and c are favorable to the performance of the An-RBc reactor. Removal efficiency of the heavy metals 1 mixture depended on the metal species and their inlet loading concentrations. Analysis of n precipitates formed in the sulfidogenic bioreactor by field emission scanning electron microscopyalong with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （FESEM-EDX） confirmed metal sulfide precipitationby SRB. All these results clearly revealed that the attached growth biofilm bioreactor is well suited for heavy metal removal from complex mixture.

关键词： Factorial design analysis Sulfate reducing bacteria Multi-metal solution Heavy metal removal Anaerobic rotating biological contactorreactor High metal loading