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Post Impact of Hydrocarbon Spillage on Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in the Santa Barbara River, Nembe, Bayelsa State

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第10期14卷 935-954页

作者： Amararu Onyema Isukul godwin jeremiah udom Richmond Uwanemesor Ideozu Institute of Natural Resources Environment & Sustainable Development (INRES) Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Geology Faculty of Science University of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

The work of the paper focused on the post impact of oil spill contamination of groundwater in Bassambiri Nembe Bayelsa State. Groundwater samples were sampled from hand dug wells from eight stations including the control point for physico-chemical investigation using sterilized glass bottles. Sampling was carried out upstream and downstream on the Santa Barbara River across the stations and the results are as follows surface water pH ranged 6.90 - 7.50, electrical conductivity 19739.41 μS/cm - 28920.64 μS/cm and Chloride 6019.63 - 9274.82 mg/l. The Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) varied from 10472.72 mg/l - 16538.19 mg/l dissolved oxygen (DO) 6.21 mg/l - 7.371 mg/l while the mean biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 0.09 ± 0.52 mg/l - 2.4 ± 0.81 mg/l, temperature 28.04℃ - 31.79℃ while total alkalinity is 43.95 mg/L -73.87 mg/L. Calcium ion ranged 375.68 mg/l - 536.72 mg/l, Magnesium ion 88.35 - 243.24 mg/l and Potassium ion 41.27 - 121.17 mg/l. The results of the study showed that the pH, salinity, alkalinity, total suspended solids (TSS), Chlorides, Phosphates, and Nitrates are within permissible limits of the WHO, however the electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, DO, BOD, and hardness exceeded WHO permissible limits for drinking water. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Heavy metals had low concentrations in the Santa Barbara River across the study area suggesting that surface water is not polluted. However, the surfactants used initially to contain the oil pollution were effective based on this research.

关键词： Post Impact Oil Spillage Physiochemical Parameters Santa Barbara

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Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Groundwater Bassambiri-Nembe, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第11期14卷 1065-1084页

作者： Onyema Isukul Amararu godwin jeremiah udom Richmond Uwanemesor Ideozu Institute of Natural Resources Environment & Sustainable Development (INRES) University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Geology Faculty of Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The study is focused on the post impact of oil spill contamination of groundwater in Bassambiri Nembe Bayelsa State. Groundwater samples were sampled from hand dug wells from eight stations including the control point for physico-chemical investigation using sterilized glass bottles. Standard methods were used for the analyses. The result of physico-chemical parameters analyzed shows that the values of the groundwater pH ranged between 5.90 - 6.35, electrical conductivity between 80.39 - 89.23 μS/cm, Salinity 23.3 - 28.69 mg/l, Turbidity 1.71 - 3.84 NTU, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 1.12 - 1.36 mg/l, Alkalinity 8.56 - 12.12 mg/l, Total Hardness 11.8 - 14.47 mg/l and Temperature 26.1℃ - 27.3℃. Analysis of cations shows that Na ranged from 7.38 - 10.34 mg/l, K 0.26 - 0.49 mg/l, Calcium ion levels 2.56 - 3.59 mg/l and Mg 0.88 mg/l - 1.23 mg/l. The anions showed Potassium ion levels ranged from 0.01 mg/l - 0.02 mg/l, Chloride ion levels 12.29 mg/l - 15.88 mg/l, Fluoride ion levels 0.01 mg/l and Nitrates from 0.27 mg/l - 0.48 mg/l. Total Heterotopic Fungi population ranged from 15.26 - 48.55 Coliform Forming units/ml. The maximum permissible value of total coliforms in drinking water was exceeded. However, the Total Hydrocarbon Concentration (THC) across the groundwater sample points was less than 0.01 mg/l. The concentration of PAH and BTEX was 0.01 mg/l across the study area. The heavy metal concentrations in the groundwater samples were negligible with levels of 0.01 mg/l observed in the study area except for iron ranging from 0.20 - 0.56 mg/l levels above the WHO permissible limit. The physico-chemical parameters of groundwater indicate that they fall below WHO permissible limits. The cations and anions concentration indicate a stable and healthy water system which is relatively good. The groundwater system has high levels of iron in groundwater and bacterial contamination. Treatment is required to avoid acute and chronic iron overload resulting from consumption f

关键词： Groundwater Physico-Chemical Parameters Oil Spill Contamination

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Outcrops as windows to petroleum systems:Insights from the southern Bida Basin,Nigeria

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第3期5卷 284-304页

作者： godwin Okumagbe Aigbadon Felix Iwebunor Chinyem Tope Shade Alege Brume Overare Obinna Chigoziem Akakuru Ikenna Arisi Obasi Ernest Orji Akudo Azuka Ocheli jeremiah Ayok Onimisi Abdullateef Jimoh Elesius Okey Akpunonu Mu'awiya Baba Aminu Bashir Ozovehe Aminu Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesFederal University LokojaKogi StateNigeria Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandCanada Department of Earth Sciences Federal University of Petroleum ResourcesEffurunDelta StateNigeria Department of Geology School of Physical SciencesFederal University of TechnologyOwerriImo StateNigeria Department of Geology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaAnambra StateNigeria Department of Geology University of IlorinKwara StateNigeria

The study assessed petroleum systems in the southern Bida Basin,Nigeria,focusing on the Cretaceous *** comprise Lokoja and Patti Formation sandstones,while shales,claystone,and siltstone serve as source rocks and stratigraphic traps/*** studies delineating the key elements of the petroleum systems in the basin have not been conducted due to a lack of subsurface *** goal of the current study was to use field observations,Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and geochemical and geomechanical data to evaluate key components of petroleum systems in the southern Bida *** results presented in this investigation are intended to attain specific objectives,especially those lacking in the basin's study *** analysis revealed that the Lokoja Sandstone has porosity of 37%-39.5%and moderate permeability of 23.22-42.29 *** Patti Formation sandstone reservoirs exhibited high porosity(38%-42%)and moderate to good permeability(31.54-66.48 mD),suggesting good potential *** results revealed intragranular pores and micro-fractures in the Patti Shale,whereas the sandstone reservoirs in the Lokoja and Patti formations displayed fractures,facilitating hydrocarbon *** was the dominant mineral in the sandstone units of both *** analysis revealed that brittle and clay minerals influenced the microstructure of Patti *** analysis indicated promising petroleum potential in the Patti Shale,with a total organic carbon(TOC)content of 1.87 wt%,free hydrocarbon from kerogen(S1)of 0.41 mg/g,hydrogen index(HI)of 0.75 mg HC/g TOC,and production index(PI)of *** Patti and Lokoja formations'shale,claystone,and siltstone exhibited sealing potential,with a plasticity index of 24-35 and coefficient permeability of 2.8×10^(-4)-3.6×10^(-4)cm/*** studies,XRD,geochemical data,and geomechanical index values have confirmed the key components of the petroleum system,which in turn

关键词： Geochemical analysis Plasticity index Source rock Reservoir rock Stratigraphic trap Bida Basin

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Design and Performance Evaluation of a Sustained Load Dual Grip Creep Testing Machine

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2014年第6期2卷 531-538页

作者： Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme Bethel jeremiah Bamike godwin Omlenyi Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of Namibia Ongwediva Engineering Campus Ongwediva Namibia

The design and performance evaluation of a sustained load creep testing machine was undertaken in this research. The design was motivated by the need to make locally available, a cost effective, technically efficient, and easily operated creep testing facility;for creep behaviour studies of materials. Design drawings and purchase of materials and components for the design were undertaken after thorough evaluation of the following design and materials selection criteria: design principle and theory, local availability of raw materials and components required for the design, material properties, cost of materials and design, ease of utilization and maintenance, and basis of testing and data capture. The machine casing and frame, heating chamber (consisting of the furnace and a dual specimen mounting stage), load lever and hanger system, and the electro-technical components;were fabricated and coupled following the produced design specifications. The machine was tested and its performance was assessed using its heating efficiency, repeatability and reproducibity of experimental test results, maintainability and cost-effectiveness as criteria. It was observed from repeat tests that the machine has the capacity of generating reliable data for computing creep strain-time results. The efficiency and temperature regulating capacity of the heating unit of the machine were also observed to be very satisfactory. The cost of the design was about 112,000 Naira ($700.00) which is cheaper in comparison to similar commercial creep testing machines from abroad. The machine was also found not to pose maintenance or repairs challenges.

关键词： Creep Failure Analysis Machine Design Strain Rate Sustained Load Fracture

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