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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Effectiveness of Gardnerella vaginalis culture and Nugent scoring in identifying bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women

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Infectious Diseases Research 2023年第2期4卷 14-24页

作者： Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe George Uchenna Eleje Chidebe Christian Anikwe David Chibuike Ikwuka Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala Kindness Chidi Irikannu Emeka Philip Igbodike Emmanuel Umegbolu Ngozichukwu Uzoewulu Olufunke Onaadepo Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle Choice Chinemerem Nworgu Jide Uzowulu Uzoigwe Ifeoma Frances Okwuonu Chisom godswill Chigbo LazarusUgochukwu Okafor Chinekwu Sochukwu Anyaoku Chukwuemeka Okwudili Ezeama Charlotte Blanche Oguejiofor Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi Campus 435001Nigeria Department of Medical Physiology University of RwandaHuye CampusHuye 0000Rwanda Department of Parasitology and Entomology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 420007Nigeria Department of Outpatient Department General Hospital Oji River 401145Enugu StateNigeria Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Physiology University of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnugu 410001Nigeria Department of School of Public Health University of Port-HarcourtRivers State 500004Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria.

Background:Bacterial vaginosis(BV),a lower genital tract syndrome,has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes and is regarded as the prevalent type of vaginal infection in females of childbearing ***:To determine the accuracy of Nugent scoring and Gardnerella vaginalis culture in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis(BV)among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital,Nnewi,***:This cross-sectional study evaluated biospecimen from 333 pregnant women enrolled through systematic random sampling *** of vaginal discharge were tested for BV infection using Amsel’s criteria,Nugent’s score and culture of *** Amsel’s criteria as a“gold standard”,the Nugent’s score and culture of *** were ***:Prevalence of 26.12%,25.82% and 28.20% of BV was found using Amsel criteria,Nugent’s method and culture of ***,*** statistical relationship exists between socio-demographic characteristics and BV(P>0.05).Sexual exposure,and vaginal hygienic practices influences BV(P<0.05)infection and also with fishy odor during or after sexual intercourse,Gardnerella morphotypes,Bacteroides morphotypes and BV(P<0.05).An inverse relationship existed between lactobacilli morphotypes and *** prevalence of HIV was 5.41% and 16 out of 18 had BV diagnosed using Amsel *** method correlated strongly with Amsel criteria(P<0.05).In comparison with Amsel criteria,it had 78.16% sensitivity,92.68% specificity,79.07% positive predictive value,92.31% negative predictive value and 88.89% accuracy *** was in contrast distinction to the culture of ***,which had 56.32%sensitivity,81.70% specificity,52.13% positive predictive value,84.10% negative predictive value and 75.08% accuracy ***:Nugent method correlated strongly with Amsel criteria(P<0.05)and had 78.16% sensitivity,92.68% specificity,79.07% positive predictive value,92.31% negative

关键词： Amsel criteria bacterial vaginosis Gardnerella vaginalis Nugent score pregnant women prevalence HIV

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