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Helplessness-like escape deficits of NIH-HS rats predict passive behavior in the forced swimming test:Relevance for the concurrent validity of rat models of depression

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2013年第2期3卷 83-92页

作者： marta Palencia Sira Diaz-moran Carme mont-Cardona Toni Canete gloria Blazquez Esther martinez-membrives Regina Lopez-Aumatell Adolf Tobena Alberto Fernandez-Teruel medical Psychology Unit Department of Psychiatry&Forensic MedicineInstitute of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics OxfordUK

The genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock has been characterized by its response to anxiety- and fear-inducing situations, thus leading to the conclusion that they are a rather anxious and passive coping type of rats. Taking advantage of these profiles, and knowing that they show very poor performance in the two-way active (shuttle box) escape/avoidance task, we have tested NIH-HS rats (n = 80) in the forced swimming test (FST) as well as we have studied escape response deficits (i.e. response failures) of the same animals in the two-way shuttle box task. They were also tested for anxiety in the elevated zero-maze. The goal of such a study was that of investigating whether there are associations or relationships among helplessness-like or passive coping responses between both models of depression, i.e. the FST and the helplessness-like escape deficits in the shuttle box task. The results for the first time show associations among responses from both depression models and that selecting rats for displaying extreme (active or passive) responses in one of the models predict in a coherent manner (according to the hypothesis) their behaviour in the other model. These findings are discussed in the context of the concurrent validity of both models of depression as well as concerning the possible relevance of NIH-HS rats as a tool for future studies on this field.

关键词： Genetically Heterogeneous Rats NIH-HS Stock Forced Swimming Test Helplessness Passive Coping Depression Anxiety

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modifi cation of sleep architecture in an animal model of experimental cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5176-5180页

作者： Anabel Jiménez-Anguiano Vanessa Díaz-medina Blanca Eugenia Farfán-Labonne gloria Giono-Chiang David Kersenobich mario García-Lorenzana maria Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz Javier Velázquez-moctezuma Area of Neuroscience Department of Biology of Reproduction Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa CP 09340 Mexico City Mexico Cell Physiology Laboratory Department of Health Sciences Universidad Autónoma Metro-politana-Iztapalapa CP 09340 Mexico City Mexico Unit of Liver Pancreas and Motility Faculty of Medicine Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City D.F CP 09340 Mexico

AIm： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. mETHODS： male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analyzed before and during the induction of cirrhosis. Rats were im- planted with electrodes to record their sleep patterns. Polygraph recordings were made weekly over 11 wk for 8 h, during the light period. After a basal recording, rats received three weekly injections of CCl4. Histological confirmation of cirrhosis was performed after 11 wk. RESULTS： The results showed a progressive decrease in total wake time that reached statistical significance from the second week of treatment. In addition, there was an increase in total time of slow wave sleep （SWS）Ⅱ and rapid eye movement sleep （REm sleep） in most of the 11 wk. SWS I showed no significant variations. During the final weeks, a significant increase in REm sleep frequency was also observed. Histological analyses of the livers showed unequivocal signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that hepatic failure produced by CCh administration is capable of modifying the sleep pattern even after only a few doses.

关键词： Experimental cirrhosis Sleep Rapid eye movement sleep CCI4 Wakefulness

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A Dual-radiolabel marker Quantifies Decrease in HT29 Xenograft Hypoxia Induced by mild Temperature Hyperthermia

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International Journal of medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2012年第2期1卷 32-39页

作者： mutian Zhang Xiao-Feng Li makiko Suehiro Zhihong Zhao David Gagne John Pizzonia Zhigang Zhang gloria Li C. Clifton Ling John L. Humm Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York USA Department of medical Physics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York USA Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha USA Life Sciences Group FUJIFILM Medical Systems USA Inc. Woodbridge USA munroe-meyer Institute University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha USA

Purpose: In this project, we developed novel methods to quantify changes in tumor hypoxia following a mild tempera-ture hyperthermia (mTH) treatment in rat HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma xenograft. materials and methods: An exogenous hypoxia marker (IAZGP) was labeled with two radioisotopes of iodine (131I and 123I, respectively) to form two distinct tracers. The two tracers were injected into HT29-bearing nude rats 4-hour before and immediately following 41.5℃, 45-minute mild hyperthermia treatment. The distributions of the two hypoxia tracers were obtained by performing digital autoradiography on tumor sections, and image processing resulted in quantitative information at 50 μm pixel size. Results: Following the hyperthermia treatment, there was a remarkable decrease in hypoxia tracer binding. The average whole tumor hypoxia tracer targeted fraction in five animals changed from 30.3% ± 9.7% to 13.0% ± 5.3% after the hyperthermia treatment (P = 0.001). Detailed pixelby-pixel analysis of the image data revealed a decline in hypoxia tracer uptake after hyperthermia in most regions. However, there was concomitant emergence of some new regions of hypoxia identified by increased tracer uptake. In the control group, the overall hypoxia tracer targeted fraction remained almost constant, with some hypoxic tracer redistribution (putative acute hypoxia) observed. Conclusion: Reoxygenation occurred in the rat HT29 xenograft following mTH treatment. This was evident with preponderance of decreased hypoxia specific tracer uptake on tumor sections. Our methodology might be a useful tool in hypoxia study.

关键词： Digital Autoradiography IAZGP Imaging Plate mild Temperature Hyperthermia Tumor Hypoxi

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What can we learn on rodent fearfulness/anxiety from the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock?

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第2期3卷 238-250页

作者： Sira Diaz-moran Esther martinez-membrives Regina Lopez-Aumatell Toni Canete gloria Blazquez marta Palencia Carme mont-Cardona Celio Estanislau Adolf Tobena Alberto Fernandez-Teruel medical Psychology Unit Department of Psychiatry&Forensic MedicineInstitute of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Welcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics OxfordUK Grupo de Pesquisa em Psicobiologia Departamento de Psicologia Geral e Análise do ComportamentoUniversidade Estadual de LondrinaLondrinaBrazil

The “National Institutes of Health” genetically heterogeneous (NIH-HS) rat stock was created in the 1980s through an eight-way cross of as much as possible separate inbred rat strains (i.e. the mR/N, WN/N, WKY/N, m520/N, F344/N, ACI/N, BN/SsN and BUF/N strains) which were readily available at that time. Hansen and Spuhler [1] developed a more naturalistic, genetically heterogeneous rat stock with the aim of optimizing the distribution of genotypic frequencies and recombination and under the hypothesis that the NIH-HS stock could yield a broad-range distribution of responses (broader than commonly used laboratory rat strains) to experimental conditions, and thus serve as a base population for selection studies. Along the last decade, in a series of studies we have phenotypically characterized the NIH-HS rat stock (a colony exists at our laboratory since 2004) for their anxiety/fearfulness profiles (using a battery of both unconditioned and conditioned tests/tasks), as well as regarding their stress-induced hormonal responses, coping style under inescapable stress and spatial learning ability. We have also compared the phenotypic profiles of NIH-HS rats with those of the low anxious RHA-I and the high anxious RLA-I rat strains. The NIH-HS rat stock is, as a population, a rather anxious type of rat, with predominantly reactive/passive coping style in unlearned and learned anxiety/fear tests, and elevated stress hormone responses (as well as enhanced “depressive” symptoms in the forced swimming test). Genetic studies currently under way have thus far revealed that the genetically heterogeneous NIH-HS rat stock constitutes a unique tool for fine mapping of QTL (for multiple behavioural and biological complex traits) to megabase resolution levels, thus enabling candidate gene identification. We give some examples of this in the present paper, while also highlighting that microarray gene expression studies reveal that HPA-axis- and prolactin-related genes (among others) in

关键词： Anxiety Fearfulness Stress Hormones HPA Axis Responses Forced Swimming Test Genetically Heterogeneous NIH-HS Stock RHA-I/RLA-I Rats

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Carrageenan-Induced Non-Painful Inflammation Reduces Voluntary Sucrose Consumption in a Two-Bottle Choice Paradigm: A New model of Inflammation Induced Anhedonia

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第3期10卷 153-164页

作者： marco A. Sotomayor-Sobrino Abraham Ochoa-Aguilar Ulises R. Coffeen-medina Roberto Velasco-González Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez gloria m. Capula-León Israel Luna-mendoza Lenin Pavón-Romero Claudia Gómez-Acevedo Pharmacology Department Faculty of Medicine National University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico Neuroscience Division National Institute og Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz” Mexico City Mexico.

Anhedonia, the presence of diminished pleasure or decreased motivation for rewards is considered one of the core symptoms of depression. Studies have shown that anhedonia and reduced reward learning predict a poor prognosis with a higher prevalence of treatment failure among patients. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the onset and progression of depression;furthermore, an important amount of evidence supports not only the importance of the reward circuitry in the development of depressive anhedonia but also, that it is closely related with the presence of inflammation. In the current paper we show that 500 ul carrageenan administration in the right hind paw after deafferentation surgery leads to anhedonia, which is evident by a decrease in saccharine consumption in a two-bottle choice test;these findings suggest that carrageenan mediated inflammation is a reliable model of anhedonia that could lead to a better understanding of the immune-neural axis in motivation.

关键词： Anhedonia Inflammation Animal model motivation

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Intensive care unit hospitalizations and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 during summer and fall surges in Georgia

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World Journal of Critical Care medicine 2021年第6期10卷 369-376页

作者： Titilope Olanipekun Temidayo Ayotomiwa Abe Valery Sammah Effoe Joffi E musonge-Effoe Agusiegbe Chuks Esther Kwara Alexandra Caldwell Samed Obeng Nicolas Bakinde gloria Westney Richard Snyder Department of Hospital medicine Covenant Health SystemKnoxvilleTNCovenant Health SystemKnoxvilleTX 37922United States Department of medicine Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Cardiology Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Clinical Research Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of medicine Pulmonary and Critical Care SectionMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States

BACKGROUND There is limited data on the difference in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection in the summer compared to the fall *** To compare the sociodemographic,clinical characteristics,and outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)during the summer and fall surges in the year *** We included patients admitted to the ICU and treated with invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 associated respiratory failure between April 1 and December 31,*** were categorized into summer surge for ICU admissions between June 15,2020,and August 15,2020,and fall surge between October 15,2020,and December 31,*** compared patients'characteristics and outcomes using descriptive and inferential *** A total of 220 patients were admitted to the Grady memorial Hospital ICU and mechanically ventilated for COVID-19 associated hypoxemic respiratory failure during the period considered(125 during the summer surge and 95 during the fall surge).more women were admitted in the fall compared to summer(41.1%vs 36.8%,difference,4.3%;95%CI:1.2,7.5).Patients admitted in the fall had fewer comorbidities(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,stroke,diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnea and body mass index≥35 kg/m2).Overall,patients in the fall had a lower ICU mortality rate(27.4%vs 38.4%,difference,-11.0;95%CI:-6.4,-18.2),shorter length of stay on the mechanical ventilator(7 d vs 11 d,difference,4 d;95% CI:2.1,6.6)and shorter ICU length of stay(9 d vs 14 d,difference,5 d;95% CI:2.7,9.4).CONCLUSION Patients admitted with severe COVID-19 infection requiring mechanical ventilation had better outcomes in the fall than *** difference observed is likely attributable to a better understanding of the condition and advances in treatment strategies.

关键词： COVID-19 COVID-19 surge Georgia Intensive care unit mechanical ventilation

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magnetic Susceptibility and Natural Gamma Radioactivity as Indirect Indicators of Impurities in Limestones of the Sabinas Basin: Possible Relationships with the Sedimentation Environment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第10期5卷 77-91页

作者： José A. Batista Rodríguez Joaquín A. Proenza Fernández gloria I. Dávila Pulido mitzué Garza García Itzayana Y. Zamora medellín Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Coahuila México Departament de Cristallograia Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals Facultat de Geologia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

This study presents an analysis of magnetic susceptibility and natural gamma radioactivity as indirect indicators of impurities in Cretaceous limestones of the Sabinas basin, as well as of the possible relation of these physical properties with the changes in the sedimentation environment. Both of these physical properties indicate changes in the degree of impurities and the mineralogical composition of this rock, principally in its organic matter and detritus content. Considering that the sedimentation environment determines the impurities in these rocks, possible environmental conditions at different levels of the Cretaceous were suggested using the magnetic susceptibility, total gamma radiation and potassium values, as well as the uranium and thorium concentration in the limestones. The analyses suggest variations in the depth of water table of the basin, which are mainly related to transgressions and marine regressions.

关键词： magnetic Susceptibility Natural Gamma Radioactivity Limestones Environment Sedimentation Sabinas Basin

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Dynamics of Primary Productivity and Oceanographic Parameters under Influence of the Amazon River Plume

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第11期8卷 590-606页

作者： Amanda Otsuka Fernando Feitosa moacyr Araújo Dóris Veleda maria da gloria Silva Cunha Nathalie Lefévre Felipe Gaspar manuel Flores montes Gislayne Borges Carlos Noriega Department of Oceanography Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Brazil IRD-LOCEAN Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie-CNRS-MNHN) Paris France

The watershed of the Amazon River discharges about 120,000 m3·s-1?of freshwater into the adjacent platform and oceanic region. The aim of this work was to analyze the distribution of oceanographic parameters, chlorophyll a and primary productivity under the influence of the Amazon River plume, during the period of greatest extension of the Amazon plume. Collections were carried out in September 14 in 16 stations including continental platform and oceanic region. It was possible to observe superficial currents along the coast in the northwest direction, but with less intensity and currents with greater speeds towards the east due to the North Brazil Current retroflexion at this time of the year, transporting the plume to the central Atlantic Ocean. The spatial influence of the plume was observed in the salinity, which ranged from 28 to 36.75, although the high precipitation in the region may also have contributed as a source of freshwater. However, the sampled region showed strong negative linear correlation of silicate, chlorophyll a and primary productivity with salinity. The primary productivity values ranged from 0.04 to 18.81 mg C m-3?day-1, whereas chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.15 mg·m-3?to 1.83 mg·m-3, decreasing their values as they move away from the coast. The Amazon River plume can reach and influence the oceanographic and biological parameters in a large area of this oligotrophic region. However, the results also suggest that the export of material from the adjacent coastal region is another determinant of the region’s productivity.

关键词： Amazon River Plume Continental Shelf Oceanic Region Environmental Variables Phytoplankton Biomass Primary Productivity

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rate of adverse events of gastroduodenal snare polypectomy for non-flat polyp is low: A prospective and multicenter study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8405-8414页

作者： Henry Córdova Lidia Argüello Carme Loras Antonio Naranjo Rodríguez Faust Riu Pons Joan B Gornals David Nicolás-Pérez Xavier Andújar murcia Luis Hernández Santos Santolaria Carles Leal Carles Pons Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles Orlando García-Bosch michel Papo Berger José Luis Ulla Rocha Cristina Sánchez-montes gloria Fernández-Esparrach Endoscopy Unit.Institut de malalties Digestives Hospital ClínicIDIBAPSCIBERehdUniversitat de Barcelona Digestive Endoscopy Unit Digestive Diseases DepartmentGastrointestinal Endoscopy Research GroupIISLa Fe Polytechnic University Hospital Hospital Universitari mútua de Terrassa CIBERehd Hospital Reina Sofía Hospital Del mar Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge IDIBELLUniversitat de BarcelonaHospitalet de Llobregat Hospital Universitario de Canarias Hospital Santos Reyes Aranda de Duero Hospital San Jorge Consorci Hospitalari de Vic Universitat de Vic Hospital de Viladecans Hospital morales meseguer Hospital moisès Broggi Sant Joan Despí Hospital Joan XXIII Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra

AIm To evaluate the rate of adverse events(AEs) during consecutive gastric and duodenal polypectomies in several Spanish centers. mETHODS Polypectomies of protruded gastric or duodenal polyps ≥ 5 mm using hot snare were prospectively included. Prophylactic measures of hemorrhage were allowed in predefined cases. AEs were defined and graded according to the lexicon recommended by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Patients were followed for 48 h, one week and 1 mo after theprocedure. RESULTS308 patients were included and a single polypectomy was performed in 205. Only 36(11.7%) were on prior anticoagulant therapy. mean polyp size was 15 ± 8.9 mm(5-60) and in 294 cases(95.4%) were located in the stomach. Hemorrhage prophylaxis was performed in 219(71.1%) patients. Nine patients presented AEs(2.9%), and 6 of them were bleeding(n = 6, 1.9%)(in 5 out of 6 AE, different types of endoscopic treatment were performed). Other 24 hemorrhagic episodes could be managed without any change in the outcome of the endoscopy and, consequently, were considered incidents. We did not find any independent risk factor of *** Gastroduodenal polypectomy using prophylactic measures has a rate of AEs small enough to consider this procedure a safe and effective method for polyp resection independently of the polyp size and location.

关键词： Polypectomy Bleeding Adverse events Protruded polyps Gastroduodenal Foregut

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First Nationwide Survey on the Resistance to First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Ghana

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第1期6卷 68-80页

作者： Kennedy K. Addo Richard Owusu Christian Bonsu Kwaku Owusu-Darko Samuel O. Addo gloria I. mensah mercy J. Newman David Ofori-Adjei Frank A. Bonsu Department of Bacteriology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of microbiology School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana National Tuberculosis Control Programme Accra Ghana

Background/objective: A nationwide survey on the resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs was conducted in Ghana from 2007-2008 by Noguchi memorial Institute for medical Research in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. We aimed to characterize mycobacterial species causing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and determine the resistance pattern to first line anti-TB drugs among newly diagnosed and previously treated PTB patients in Ghana. methods: Two sputum samples from consented new smear positive PTB patients who had never been treated for TB or had been on anti-TB treatment for less than a month and patients who had been treated for TB previously for more than a month in selected diagnostic centres nationwide were collected for culture, identification and drug susceptibility test. Culture positive isolates were tested against streptomycin (S), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R) and ethambutol (E) using the simplified proportion method and line probe assay (LPA). The LPA was performed in mid-2017. Results: Among 410 samples, 345 positive cultures were obtained and identified as mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mTBC). Of the 345 isolates, 133 were further differentiated by GenoType mTBC®as m. tuberculosis, 126 (94.7%) and m. africanum 7 (5.3%). The overall drug resistance patterns were as follows: 43/345 (12.5%), 6/345 (1.7%), 9/345 (2.6%) and 71/345 (20.6%) were resistant to H, R, E and S respectively and 5/345 (1.4%) were multi-drug resistant (mDR). Conclusion: The results indicate high levels of resistance to S and H among new and previously treated TB patients. We recommend adequate surveillance systems including periodic national anti-TB drug resistance surveys.

关键词： Tuberculosis National Survey Drug Resistance Ghana

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