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A survey of FLS2 genes from multiple citrus species identifies candidates for enhancing disease resistance to Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri.

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 208-218页

作者： Qingchun Shi Vicente J Febres Jeffrey B Jones gloria A Moore Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Plant Pathology Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity(PTI)is an important component of plant innate *** a previous study,we showed that the PAMP flg22 from Xanthomonas citri ***(Xflg22),the causal agent of citrus canker,induced PTI in citrus,which correlated with the observed levels of canker ***,we identified and sequenced two bacterial flagellin/flg22 receptors(FLS2-1 and FLS2-2)from‘Duncan’grapefruit(Citrus paradisi,CpFLS2-1 and CpFLS2-2)and‘Sun Chu Sha’mandarin(***,CrFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2).We were able to isolate only one FLS2 from‘Nagami’kumquat(Fortunella margarita,FmFLS2-1)and gene flanking sequences suggest a rearrangement event that resulted in the deletion of FLS2-2 from the *** analysis,gene structure and presence of critical amino acid domains all indicate we identified the true FLS2 genes in ***2-2 was more transcriptionally responsive to Xflg22 than FLS2-1,with induced expression levels higher in canker-resistant citrus than in susceptible ***,‘Nagami’kumquat showed the highest FLS2-1 steady-state expression levels,although it was not induced by *** selected FmFLS2-1,CrFLS2-2 and CpFLS2-2 to further evaluate their capacity to enhance bacterial resistance using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression *** FmFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2,the two proteins from canker-resistant species,conferred stronger Xflg22 responses and reduced canker symptoms in leaves of the susceptible grapefruit *** two citrus genes will be useful resources to enhance PTI and achieve resistance against canker and possibly other bacterial pathogens in susceptible citrus types.

关键词： FLS2 citrus citri

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Determinants of Economic Growth in Africa: Case Study of Ethiopia and Rwanda

Determinants of Economic Growth in Africa: Case Study of Eth...

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作者： OGBONNA CHIDIMMA gloria ADAOBI 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

在大多数非洲国家都在努力实现经济增长并维持其增长势头的时候,埃塞俄比亚和卢旺达被评为非洲大陆增长最快的经济体。他们还设法在过去10年中保持了这种增长。鉴于这两个国家属于非洲大陆,并且面临着与该大陆其他国家类似的挑战,因此... 详细信息

在大多数非洲国家都在努力实现经济增长并维持其增长势头的时候,埃塞俄比亚和卢旺达被评为非洲大陆增长最快的经济体。他们还设法在过去10年中保持了这种增长。鉴于这两个国家属于非洲大陆,并且面临着与该大陆其他国家类似的挑战,因此提出了关于这两个国家增长的因素或增长动力以及其他非洲国家可以从中学习哪些知识的经验问题。利用在面板数据分析中GMM估计技术,我们观察到这两个国家的主要增长动力是技术进步、总资本形成、电力消耗、政府规模、外国直接投资（FDI）和本地需求。此外,我们还观察到一些阻碍其增长的因素。我们得出的结论是,其他想要实现经济增长的非洲国家必须紧跟埃塞俄比亚和卢旺达的脚步,同时注意观察到的对其增长不利的因素。我们还建议,不应复制政策的每一个具体措施,而必须根据实施国的需要和要求量身定制政策,以使其生效。

关键词：非洲国家经济增长指标体系政策扶持

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Effect of wire-arc directed energy deposition on the microstructural formation and age-hardening response of the Mg-9Al-1Zn(AZ91)alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第6期11卷 1944-1958页

作者： gloria Graf Petra Spoerk-Erdely Emad Maawad Michael Burtscher Daniel Kiener Helmut Clemens Thomas Klein Department of Materials Science Montanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef-Straße 188700 LeobenAustria Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Straße 121502 GeesthachtGermany LKR Light Metals Technologies Ranshofen Austrian Institute of TechnologyLamprechtshausener Straße 615282 RanshofenAustria Institute of Materials Science Joining and FormingGraz University of TechnologyKopernikusgasse 24/I8010 GrazAustria

In recent years,wire-arc directed energy deposition(wa DED),which is also commonly known as wire-arc additive manufacturing(WAAM),has emerged as a promising new fabrication technique for magnesium *** major reason for this is the possibility of producing parts with a complex geometry as well as a fine-grained *** the process has been shown to be applicable for Mg-Al-Zn alloys,there is still a lack of knowledge in terms of the influence of the WAAM process on the age-hardening ***,this study deals with the aging response of a WAAM AZ91 *** order to fully understand the mechanisms during aging,first,the as-built condition was analyzed by means of high-energy X-ray diffraction(HEXRD)and scanning electron *** investigations revealed a finegrained,equiaxed microstructure with adjacent areas of alternating Al ***,the difference between single-and double-step aging as well as conventional and direct aging was studied on the as-built WAAM AZ91 alloy for the first *** aging response during the various heat treatments was monitored via in situ HEXRD *** electron microscopy and hardness studies were *** results showed that the application of a double-step aging heat treatment at 325℃with pre-aging at 250℃slightly improves the mechanical properties when compared to the single-step heat treatment at 325℃.However,the hardness decreases considerably after the pre-aging ***,aging at lower temperatures is preferable within the investigated temperature range of 250-325℃.Moreover,no significant difference between the conventionally aged and directly aged samples was ***,the specimens showed enhanced precipitation kinetics during aging as compared to cast *** could be attributed to a higher amount of nucleation sites and the particular temperature profile of the solution heat treatment.

关键词： Wire-arc directed energy deposition Additive manufacturing High-energy X-ray diffraction Synchrotron Mg-Al-Zn alloys Age-hardening

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Molecular and in vitro Characterization of Field Isolates of Bovine Herpesvirus-1

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Virologica Sinica 2012年第1期27卷 26-37页

作者： Julian Ruiz-Saenz Jairo Jaime gloria Ramirez Victor Vera Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science National University of Colombia

Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is distributed worldwide and is a major pathogen in cattle, being the causal agent of a variety of clinical syndromes. The aim of this study was to isolate and to characterize (molecular and biological characterization) BoHV-1 from 29 immunosuppressed animals. It was possible to obtain 18 isolates, each from a different animal, such as from the respiratory and reproductive tracts. In some cases the cytopathic effect was visible 12 hours post-inoculation, and became characteristic after 36-48 hours. Biological characteristics were evaluated and compared with Iowa and Colorado-1 reference strains, and differences were found in plaque size, virus titer measured by TCID50 and PFU/mL, and one step virus curves. These results showed that some isolates had a highly virulent-like behavior in vitro, compared to the reference strains, with shorter eclipse periods, faster release of virus into the supernatants, and higher burst size and viral titer. There were no differences in glycoprotein expression of BoHV-1 isolates, measured by Western blot on monolayers. Moreover, using restriction endonucleases analysis, most of the viruses were confirmed as BoHV-1.1 and just one of them was confirmed as BoHV-1.2a subtype. These findings suggest that some wild-type BoHV-1 isolates could be useful as seeds to develop new monovalent vaccines.

关键词： Bovine herpesvirus 1 Genital infection Respiratory infection Latent infection

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Development of single-cell-level microfluidic tech no logy for long-term growth visualization of living cultures of Mycobacterium smegmatis

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 63-72页

作者： Han Wang gloria M.Conover Song-I Han James C.Sacchettini Arum Han Department of Biomedical Engineering School of MedicineTsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Medical Education Health Sciences CenterTexas A&M UniversityBryanTX 77807USA

Analysis of growth and death kinetics at single-cell resolution is a key step in understanding the complexity of the nonreplicating growth phenotype of the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium ***,we developed a single-cell-resolution microfluidic mycobacterial culture device that allows time-lapse microscopy-based Iong-term phenotypic visualization of the live replication dynamics of *** technology was successfully applied to monitor the real-time growth dynamics of the fast-growing model strain Mycobacterium smegmatis(***)while subjected to drug treatment regimens during continuous culture for 48 h inside the microfluidic device.A clear morphological change leading to significant swelling at the poles of the bacterial membrane was observed during drug *** addition,a small subpopulation of cells surviving treatment by frontline antibiotics was observed to recover and achieve robust replicative growth once regular culture media was provided,suggesting the possibility of identifying and isolating nonreplicative *** device is a simple,easy-to-use,and low-cost solution for studying the single-cell phenotype and growth dynamics of mycobacteria,especially during drug treatment.

关键词： fluid culture treatment Mycobacterium

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Long-distance nitrate signaling displays cytokinin dependent and independent branches

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 226-229页

作者： Sandrine Ruffel Arthur Poitout Gabriel Krouk gloria M.Coruzzi Benoit Lacombe Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology Integrative Biology Institute for Plants'Claude Grignon'UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM Place Pierre Viala 34060 Montpellier cedexFrance Center for Genomics and Systems Biology Department of Biology New York University New YorkNY 10003USA

The long-distance signaling network allowing a plant to properly develop its root system is crucial to optimize root foraging in areas where nutrients are available. Cytokinin is an essential element of the systemic signaling network leading to the enhancement of lateral root proliferation in areas where nitrate is available. Here,we explore more precisely：（i） which particular traits of lateral root growth（density and length of emerged lateral roots） are the targets of systemic signaling in a context of heterogeneous nitrate supply; and（ii） if the systemic signaling depends only on cytokinin or on a combination of several signalings.

关键词： Cytokinin development nitrate root systemic

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Biomaterial-enhanced treg cell immunotherapy:A promising approach for transplant medicine and autoimmune disease treatment

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第7期37卷 269-298页

作者： Kazem Mashayekhi Khashayarsha Khazaie William A.Faubion Jr. gloria B.Kim Department of Immunology School of MedicineRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center Research Institute of Basic Medical SciencesRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran Department of Immunology Mayo ClinicScottsdaleAZUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicScottsdaleAZUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are crucial for preserving tolerance in the body,rendering Treg immunotherapy a promising treatment option for both organ transplants and autoimmune ***,organ transplant recipients must undergo lifelong immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection,while autoimmune disorders lack definitive *** the last years,there has been notable advancement in comprehending the biology of both antigen-specific and polyclonal *** trials involving Tregs have demonstrated their safety and *** maximize the efficacy of Treg immunotherapy,it is essential for these cells to migrate to specific target tissues,maintain stability within local organs,bolster their suppressive capabilities,and ensure their intended function’s *** pursuit of these goals,the utilization of biomaterials emerges as an attractive supportive strategy for Treg immunotherapy in addressing these *** a result,the prospect of employing biomaterial-enhanced Treg immunotherapy holds tremendous promise as a treatment option for organ transplant recipients and individuals grappling with autoimmune diseases in the near *** paper introduces strategies based on biomaterial-assisted Treg immunotherapy to enhance transplant medicine and autoimmune treatments.

关键词： Biomaterials Regulatory T cells Transplantation Autoimmune diseases

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Origin and diversification of maize: Two teosintes but different contributions

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 233-235页

作者： Jonathan Acosta-Bayona gloria Leon-Martinez Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada Grupo de Desarrollo Reproductivo y Apomixis UGA Laboratorio Nacional de Genomica para la BiodiversidadCinvestav IrapuatoIrapuato Gto CP36825Mexico

The unique topographic,climatic,and latitudinal heterogeneity of Mesoamerica is crucial to understanding the evolutionary emergence of one of the richest cultural and biological regions in the planet and its impact on food *** divided between two regions of large biodiversity-lowland tropical or coastal zones and temperate or subtropical highlands sculpted by parallel sierras and their central plateau-the Mexican territory harbors more than 2000 endemic monocotyledonous species,including several hundred grasses(Poaceae),particularly those belonging to the genus Zea,composed of maize(Zea mays ***)and its wild relatives,collectively referred as teosintes.

关键词： collective planet harbor

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Sexual dimorphism in immune response： Testing the hypothesis in an insect species with two male morphs

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 620-628页

作者： gloria Ruiz-Guzman Jorge Canales-Lazcano Jesus Guillermo Jimenez-Cortes Jorge Contreras-Garduno Centro de Investigacion Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica Av. Universidad No. 655 C. P. 62100 Cuernavaca Morelos Departamento de Biologia Divisi6n de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato Departamento de Ecologia Evolufiva Instituto de Ecologia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Apdo. Postal 70-275 04510 Mexico D. F. Mexico

It has been proposed that given that males should invest in sexual traits at the expense of their investment in immune response, females are better immunocompetent than males. Typically, this idea has been tested in monomorphic species, but rarely has been evaluated in polymorphic male species. We used Paraphlebia zoe, a damselfly with two male morphs： the black-winged morph （Black-W） develop black spots as sexual traits and the hyaline-winged morph （Hyaline-W） resembles a female in size and wings color. We predicted that Black-W should have a lower immune response than Hyaline-W, but that the latter males should not differ from females in this respect. Nitric oxide （NO） and phenoloxidase （PO） production, as well as hemolymph protein content, were used as immune markers. Body size （wing length） was used as an indicator of the male condition. The results show that, as we predicted, females and Hyaline-W had higher values of NO than Black-W, corresponding to differences in size. However, the opposite was found in relation to PO production. Females had the highest levels of hemolymph protein content, whereas no differences were found between Black-W and Hyaline-W. These results partially support the sexual selection hypothesis and are discussed in the context of the life history of this species. Black-W, Hyaline-W, and females could express the immune markers that are prioritized by their particular condition, and probably neither of them could express all immune markers in an elevated manner, as this would result in an excessive accumulation of free radicals.

关键词： immune response male morphs Paraphlebia zoe polymorphic species,territoriality trade-off

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GIS-based soil maps as tools to evaluate land capability and suitability in a coastal reclaimed area(Ravenna,northern Italy)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第2期9卷 167-179页

作者： Mauro De Feudis gloria Falsone Massimo Gherardi Maria Speranza Gilmo Vianello Livia Vittori Antisari Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaVia Fanin4040127BolognaItaly Boreal Mapping Via Casella23/a40030Grizzana MorandiItaly Centro Sperimentale per lo Studio e l’Analisi Del Suolo(CSSAS) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaBolognaItaly

Land capability and suitability maps are useful tools for soil resource *** study aimed to build land capability and suitability maps using a multi-thematic approach by GIS in a salt-affected coastal area of ***,morphological,geological,pedological delineations and land cover maps,remote sensing image and climate data were acquired and the main physical and chemical properties,including electrical conductivity(EC)and available water capacity,were analysed on the soil samples collected in the study *** acquired information were elaborated through QGIS software to obtain the land capability and suitability *** suitability map showed that most of the area(80%)is suitable for cultivation and,therefore,can be addressed for agricultural purposes without risk of *** fact,the land capability map showed that 42%of the investigated area belongs to class I and II indicating that they can be used for a wide range of *** 44%of the investigated area clustered in class III and *** these latter the cultivation should be allowed to a limited range of crops due to the high sand content,which does not allow a good water retention,and due to a strong intrusion of sea water with consequent increase of the soil *** our study area,where agricultural productivity and environmental impact are in conflict,to classify the lands on base the land capability and suitability could help to define the best agricultural practices to apply in order to preserve soil functions.

关键词： Agricultural lands Salt affected soils Geographic information system Land capability map Land suitability map

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