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Environmentally Responsible Lightweight Passenger Vehicle Design and Manufacturing

Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 300-310页

作者： glenn s.daehn Katrin E.daehn Oliver Kuttner Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Department of Materials science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA Edision2 CharlottesvilleUSA

The mass reduction of passenger vehicles has been a great focus of academic research and federal policy initiatives of the United states with coordinated funding efforts and even a focus of a Manufacturing UsA *** potential benefit of these programs can be described as modest from a societal point of view,for example reducing vehicle mass by up to 25%with modest cost implications(under$5 per pound saved)and the ability to implement with existing manufacturing *** more aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas production are necessary and possible,while delivering the same *** is demonstrated with a higher-level design thinking exercise on an environmentally responsible lightweight vehicle,leading to the following criteria:lightweight,low aerodynamic drag,long-lived(over 30 years and 2 million miles),adaptable,electric,and used in a shared manner on average over 8 h per *** these specifications,passenger-mile demand may be met with around 1/10 of the current *** vehicles would likely have significantly different designs and construction than incumbent *** is likely future automotive production will be more analogous to current aircraft produc-tion with higher costs per pound and lower volumes,but with dramatically reduced financial and environmental cost per passenger mile,with less material per vehicle,and far less material required in the national or worldwide *** benefits of this vision include far fewer parking lots,greater accessibility to personal transportation,and improved pedestrian safety,while maintaining a vibrant and engaging *** systemic changes to the business models and research and development directions(including lightweight design and manufacturing)are discussed,which could bring forth far more sustainable personal transportation.

关键词： sustainability Personal transportation Lighgweighting Design

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气化冲击焊飞板碰撞速度测量及影响因素分析

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稀有金属材料与工程 2018年第11期47卷 3439-3443页

作者：陈树君苏珊肖珺毛羽 Anupam Vivik glenn s.daehn 北京工业大学汽车结构部件先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心北京100124 The Ohio state University Impulse Manufacturing LaboratoryColumbusOhio 43210USA

气化冲击焊接技术可广泛用于难以焊接成形的钛、镁和铝等有色金属材料与钢材的连接。铝箔作为气化冲击焊接过程能量转换的载体,它的工作效率对气化冲击焊接工艺起到至关重要的作用。分析了气化冲击焊接过程中能量转换的过程,采用光子多... 详细信息

气化冲击焊接技术可广泛用于难以焊接成形的钛、镁和铝等有色金属材料与钢材的连接。铝箔作为气化冲击焊接过程能量转换的载体,它的工作效率对气化冲击焊接工艺起到至关重要的作用。分析了气化冲击焊接过程中能量转换的过程,采用光子多普勒测速系统分析了3种不同厚度的铝箔在不同能量输入条件下铝箔的工作效率和对飞板与靶板碰撞速度的影响规律。结果表明,当飞板与靶板间距(碰撞角度5o)为2.5 mm时,铝箔的气化能量是影响飞板与靶板碰撞速度的关键因素。通过碰撞速度的分析可以发现,0.051 mm铝箔在输入能量小于3 kJ时效率最高,0.076 mm铝箔在3～6 kJ效率最高,6～12 kJ时,0.127 mm的铝箔可以获得最佳效率。

关键词：铝箔气化冲击焊光子多普勒测速能量转换:碰撞速度

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shock effects on the upper limit of the collision weld process window

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 365-378页

作者： Blake Barnett Anupam Vivek glenn daehn Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA Army Research Directorate Army Research LaboratoryDEVCOMAberdeen Proving GroundHarfordMD21005USA

The maximum flyer impact velocity based on a dynamic solidification cracking mechanism is proposed to describe the upper limit of collision welding process ***,the upper limit of the weld window is governed by the evolution of dynamic stresses and temperatures at the weld *** formulations for the upper limit of the collision weld window assume that both the flyer and target are made of the same material and approximate stress propagation velocities using the acoustic velocity or the shear wave velocity of the weld ***,collision welding fundamentally depends on the impacts that generate shockwaves in weld members,which can dominate the stress propagation velocities in thin weld ***,this study proposes an alternative weld window upper limit that approximates stress propagation using shock velocities calculated from modified 1-D Rankine-Hugoniot *** shock upper limit is validated against the experimental and simulation data in the collision welding literature,and offers a design tool to rapidly predict more accurate optimal collision weld process limits for similar and dissimilar weld couples compared to existing models without the cost or complexity of high-fidelity simulations.

关键词： Collision welding solid-state welding shock impact Weld process modelling Explosive bonding Laser impulse welding(LIW)

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Improved properties and thermal stability of a titanium-stainless steel solid-state weld with a niobium interlayer

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2021年第20期79卷 191-204页

作者： Jianxiong Li Anupam Vivek glenn daehn Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State University2041 College RoadColumbusOH43210USA

stainless steel(ss)and titanium alloys can be welded in the solid-state by high speed oblique ***,the effect of a niobium(Nb)interlayer on weld strength and thermal stability is *** Ti/ss and Ti/Nb/ss welds were subjected to thermal exposure ranging from 300℃ to 950℃ for 1.5 *** exposure monotonically decreases the strength and toughness of the Ti/ss pair with a dramatic falloff in strength and change in failure mode from partial pullout failure to full interfacial fracture at 600℃.With the interlayer,toughness was increased versus baseline up to 700℃ thermal exposure and then intermetallic formation again caused falloff in *** for the production,properties and applications of these classes of welds are provided.

关键词： Impact spot welding Titanium alloy stainless steel Nb interlayer Thermal exposure Phase transformation

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Multi-scale characterization and simulation of impact welding between immiscible Mg/steel alloys

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2020年第24期59卷 149-163页

作者： Jiahao Cheng Xiaohua Hu Xin sun Anupam Vivek glenn daehn David Cullen Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley RoadOak RidgeTN37831USA Department of Materials science Engineering Ohio State University116 W Nineteenth AveColumbusOH43210USA

Vaporizing foil actuator spot welding method is used in this paper to join magnesium alloy AZ31 and uncoated high-strength steel DP590,which are typically considered as un-weldable due to their high physical property disparities,low mutual solubility,and the lack of any intermetallic *** results from scanning electron microscopy(sEM)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)of the weld interface indicate that the impact creates an Mg nanocrystalline interlayer with abundant Fe *** interlayer exhibits intact bonding with both DP590 and AZ31 *** investigate the fundamental bond formation mechanisms at the interface,a finite element(FE)-based process simulation is first performed to calculate the local temperature and deformation at the interface under the given macroscopic experimental *** the FE results at the interface as inputs,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations are conducted to study the interlayer formation at the Mg/Fe interface during the impact and *** results found a high velocity shearing-induced mechanical mixing mechanism that mixes Mg/Fe atoms at the interface and creates the interlayer,leading to the metallurgical bond between Mg/steel alloys.

关键词： Impact welding Immiscible alloys Interface microstructure Finite element analysis Molecular dynamics simulation

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Joining Performance and Microstructure of the 2024/7075 Aluminium Alloys Welded Joints by Vaporizing Foil Actuator Welding

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2019年第2期34卷 368-372页

作者：孟正华 WANG Xu GUO Wei HU Zhili Anupam Vivek HUA Lin glenn s.daehn Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology state Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State University

Vaporizing foil actuator welding(VFAW) was used for joining 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, and the resulting joint microstructure was analyzed. 2024/7075 aluminum alloy pairs with suitable processing parameters can be prepared by using VFAW. Dynamic preform addresses the poor formability problem of target material and advantage of VFAW on dissimilar materials in some conditions. But with standoff sheet inserting in the flyer and target, 2024/7075 welded pairs gets the better weld strength, compared with flyer preformed method. The microstructure of the circular weld area of the welded joint showed a wave interface, in which a thin melt layer formed at the center and edge parts. The crystal grains near the bonding interface were remarkably elongated and refined. Therefore, the joining of the 2024/7075 pairs was facilitated through plastic forming and melting.

关键词： impact welding dissimilar materials vaporizing foil actuator joining interface

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基于中间过渡层的5A06/0Cr18Ni10Ti气化冲击焊接工艺研究

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金属学报 2019年第8期55卷 1041-1048页

作者：苏珊陈树君肖珺 Yu MAO Anupam VIVEK glenn daehn 北京工业大学汽车结构部件先进制造技术教育部工程研究中心北京100124 Impulse Manufacturing Laboratory the Ohio State University Columbus 43211 USA

利用气化冲击焊接技术,制备了力学性能良好基于中间层的5A06铝合金与0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢气化冲击焊接接头,中间层3003铝合金与飞板5A06铝合金和靶板0Cr18Ni10Ti界面焊接良好,接头结合区域呈圆环状。通过信号采集系统分析了铝箔气化时间... 详细信息

利用气化冲击焊接技术,制备了力学性能良好基于中间层的5A06铝合金与0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢气化冲击焊接接头,中间层3003铝合金与飞板5A06铝合金和靶板0Cr18Ni10Ti界面焊接良好,接头结合区域呈圆环状。通过信号采集系统分析了铝箔气化时间和电流随能量输入的变化,采用OM和sEM分析了接头界面的微观形貌和元素分布。研究了能量输入对铝箔气化的时刻和接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着能量输入的增加,铝箔气化所需时间减小,最终碰撞速率增大,从而使焊接区域直径增大;接头的抗拉力和抗剪力随能量输入的增大而增大。当能量输入为9 kJ时,接头的最大抗拉力为44.0 k N,抗剪力为2.1 kN;5A06/3003界面呈中间对称波状结合,3003/0Cr18Ni10Ti界面以金属间化合物连接,结合区域错位分布。

关键词：中间过渡层异种材料气化冲击焊接光子多普勒测速

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Morphology and morphometry of two hybridizing buntings at their hybrid zone in northern Iran reveal intermediate and transgressive morphotypes

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 523-532页

作者： Ali Gholamhosseini Mansour Aliabadian Till Topfer glenn-Peter sætre Ornithology Research Laboratory Department of BiologySchool of ScienceShiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change Zoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigCentre for Taxonomy and MorphologyBonnGermany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary synthesis(CEEs) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway

The closely related Black-headed Bunting(Emberiza melanocephala,a western Palearctic lineage)and Red-headed Bunting(Emberiza bruniceps,an eastern Palearctic lineage)hybridize and replace each other south of the Caspian *** parental species have distinct phenotypes and therefore morphology is useful for assessing hybridization in the contact *** the years of 1940 and 1977,quite a few hybrids were collected and studied *** then,the hybrid zone appears to have expanded westwards,but there has been a time gap in the collection of morphological *** we reanalyze bunting specimens morphologically and compare the historical data with recent *** and phenotypic traits from three time periods(1940,1977 and recent)were studied to assess phenotypic variation of hybrids,pattern of hybridization,and transgressive traits in the hybrid *** results show that most of the birds in the hybrid zone exhibit intermediate phenotypes(both colors and morphometric characters),ranging from the pure phenotype of either of the parental ***,hybridization has also produced novel phenotypes not seen in any of the *** a canonical discriminant function analysis,the morphometric characters separated each parental species and the hybrids quite *** results showed morphometric intermediacy of hybrids in accordance with *** observe a time trend in which recent hybrids are more similar to Red-headed Buntings phenotypically compared to historical *** pattern is likely a signature of a westward expansion of the Red-headed Bunting into the breeding range of the Black-headed Bunting.

关键词： Bunting Hybridization Intermediate phenotypes Transgressive traits

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Testosterone and metabolic syndrome

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 192-196,I0006页

作者： glenn R Cunningham Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center 6624 Fannin Suite 1180 Houston TX 77030 USA.

Controversies surround the usefulness of identifying patients with the metabolic syndrome （Mets）. Many of the components are accepted risk factors for cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Although the Mets as defined includes many men with insulin resistance, insulin resistance is not universal. The low total testosterone （TT） and sex hormone binding globulin （sHBG） levels in these men are best explained by the hyperinsulinism and increased inflammatory cytokines that accompany obesity and increased waist circumference. It is informative that low sHBG levels predict future development of the Mets. Evidence is strong relating low TT levels to CVD in men with and without the Mets; however, the relationship may not be causal. The recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation for managing the Mets include cardiovascular risk assessment, lifestyle changes in diet, exercise, weight reduction and treatment of individual components of the Mets. Unfortunately, it is uncommon to see patients with the Mets lose and maintain a 10% weight loss. Recent reports showing testosterone treatment induced dramatic changes in weight, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, hemoglobin Alc levels and improvements in each of the components of the Mets are intriguing. While some observational studies have reported that testosterone replacement therapy increases cardiovascular events, the Food and Drug Administration in the United states has reviewed these reports and found them to be seriously flawed. Large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to provide more definitive data regarding the efficacy and safety of this treatment in middle and older men with the Mets and low TT levels.

关键词： cardiovascular risk metabolic syndrome sex hormone binding globulin testosterone testosterone replacement therapy

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Youth Council Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction in Infanta and Makati,Philippines:A Policy Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2013年第3期4卷 126-136页

作者： glenn Fernandez Rajib shaw Graduate school of Global Environmental studies Kyoto UniversityYoshida HonmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan

Participatory disaster risk reduction(DRR) has been promoted to integrate the views of multiple actors and stakeholders and involve people in the decisions that affect their lives. since 1974, a number of national policies in the Philippines have been encouraging the involvement of the Filipino youth in DRR initiatives in their communities. This study reviews the implementation of these policies through the sangguniang Kabataan(youth councils) in Infanta Municipality and Makati City on the island of Luzon. It attempts to show the discrepancies between ideal scenarios reflected in the policies and actual youth council participation in DRR in practice by examining the availability of funds for youth councils to conduct DRR activities;the knowledge of youth council officials on the 2010 DRR law(Republic Act 10121);and the role of youth council officials in the Barangay(village level) DRR Committees. several recommendations on how to enhance youth council participation in DRR are presented. Lessons from the Philippine policy experience can be useful for other countries in raising the involvement of their youth in DRR.

关键词： disaster island council

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