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Environmentally Responsible Lightweight Passenger Vehicle Design and Manufacturing

Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 300-310页

作者： glenn s.Daehn Katrin E.Daehn Oliver Kuttner Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Department of Materials science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA Edision2 CharlottesvilleUSA

The mass reduction of passenger vehicles has been a great focus of academic research and federal policy initiatives of the United states with coordinated funding efforts and even a focus of a Manufacturing UsA *** potential benefit of these programs can be described as modest from a societal point of view,for example reducing vehicle mass by up to 25%with modest cost implications(under$5 per pound saved)and the ability to implement with existing manufacturing *** more aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas production are necessary and possible,while delivering the same *** is demonstrated with a higher-level design thinking exercise on an environmentally responsible lightweight vehicle,leading to the following criteria:lightweight,low aerodynamic drag,long-lived(over 30 years and 2 million miles),adaptable,electric,and used in a shared manner on average over 8 h per *** these specifications,passenger-mile demand may be met with around 1/10 of the current *** vehicles would likely have significantly different designs and construction than incumbent *** is likely future automotive production will be more analogous to current aircraft produc-tion with higher costs per pound and lower volumes,but with dramatically reduced financial and environmental cost per passenger mile,with less material per vehicle,and far less material required in the national or worldwide *** benefits of this vision include far fewer parking lots,greater accessibility to personal transportation,and improved pedestrian safety,while maintaining a vibrant and engaging *** systemic changes to the business models and research and development directions(including lightweight design and manufacturing)are discussed,which could bring forth far more sustainable personal transportation.

关键词： sustainability Personal transportation Lighgweighting Design

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Testosterone and metabolic syndrome

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第2期17卷 192-196,I0006页

作者： glenn R Cunningham Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center 6624 Fannin Suite 1180 Houston TX 77030 USA.

Controversies surround the usefulness of identifying patients with the metabolic syndrome （Mets）. Many of the components are accepted risk factors for cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Although the Mets as defined includes many men with insulin resistance, insulin resistance is not universal. The low total testosterone （TT） and sex hormone binding globulin （sHBG） levels in these men are best explained by the hyperinsulinism and increased inflammatory cytokines that accompany obesity and increased waist circumference. It is informative that low sHBG levels predict future development of the Mets. Evidence is strong relating low TT levels to CVD in men with and without the Mets; however, the relationship may not be causal. The recommendations of the International Diabetes Federation for managing the Mets include cardiovascular risk assessment, lifestyle changes in diet, exercise, weight reduction and treatment of individual components of the Mets. Unfortunately, it is uncommon to see patients with the Mets lose and maintain a 10% weight loss. Recent reports showing testosterone treatment induced dramatic changes in weight, waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, hemoglobin Alc levels and improvements in each of the components of the Mets are intriguing. While some observational studies have reported that testosterone replacement therapy increases cardiovascular events, the Food and Drug Administration in the United states has reviewed these reports and found them to be seriously flawed. Large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to provide more definitive data regarding the efficacy and safety of this treatment in middle and older men with the Mets and low TT levels.

关键词： cardiovascular risk metabolic syndrome sex hormone binding globulin testosterone testosterone replacement therapy

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Youth Council Participation in Disaster Risk Reduction in Infanta and Makati,Philippines:A Policy Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2013年第3期4卷 126-136页

作者： glenn Fernandez Rajib shaw Graduate school of Global Environmental studies Kyoto UniversityYoshida HonmachiSakyo-kuKyoto 606-8501Japan

Participatory disaster risk reduction(DRR) has been promoted to integrate the views of multiple actors and stakeholders and involve people in the decisions that affect their lives. since 1974, a number of national policies in the Philippines have been encouraging the involvement of the Filipino youth in DRR initiatives in their communities. This study reviews the implementation of these policies through the sangguniang Kabataan(youth councils) in Infanta Municipality and Makati City on the island of Luzon. It attempts to show the discrepancies between ideal scenarios reflected in the policies and actual youth council participation in DRR in practice by examining the availability of funds for youth councils to conduct DRR activities;the knowledge of youth council officials on the 2010 DRR law(Republic Act 10121);and the role of youth council officials in the Barangay(village level) DRR Committees. several recommendations on how to enhance youth council participation in DRR are presented. Lessons from the Philippine policy experience can be useful for other countries in raising the involvement of their youth in DRR.

关键词： disaster island council

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Combined influence of Ce(Ⅲ)and iodide ions for corrosion protection of AA 2024-T3 in acidic to neutral chloride-rich environments:Electrochemical and surface characterization studies

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Journal of Rare Earths 2023年第2期41卷 309-320页

作者： Mohammed A.El-Hashemy Anthony E.Hughes Thomas Gengenbach A.Matthew glenn Ivan s.Cole Chemistry Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 2014SakakaAljoufSaudi Arabia Air Pollution Research Department Environmental and Climate Change Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt CsIRO Mineral Resources ClaytonVic3168Australia CsIRO Manufacturing ClaytonVic3168Australia school of Engineering RMIT UniversityCarltonVic3053Australia

It has been reported that trivalent cerium salts are effective inhibitors for corrosion of AA2024-T3 in neutral to alkaline co rrosive enviro nments,but poor in acidic *** this study,work was done for extending corrosion resistance provided by Ce(NO_(3))_(3)to acidic pHs as low as 2.5 through the addition of iodide *** this end,potentiodynamic polarization was used to ascertain the optimum Ce(Ⅲ)concentration for the inhibition of AA2024-T3 corrosion in 3.5%NaCl *** optimum concentration is found to be in a range between 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L Ce(Ⅲ).This optimum concentration also gives a maximum width of the passive region under the pitting potential(Epit).Based on this optimization,further work was performed as a function of pH without and in the presence of 0.01 mol/L KI at five pH values(2.5,4,5,7,and 8).Without iodide the best inhibition provided by the Ce(Ⅲ)cation is at pH=7 but active corrosion is observed at pH=2.5 with an estimated inhibitor efficiency(-37.6%).The addition of iodide ions(I^(-))reverses the poor corrosion resistance whereby the inhibitor efficiency becomes 47.7%.Moreover,at pH=4 the efficiency is also increased from 54.0%to 81.0%with iodide addition providing a significant improvement over Ce(Ⅲ)cations alone under acidic *** is a synergistic effect between I-anion and Ce(Ⅲ)cation,which is determined to be 2.4 and 2.1 at pH=2.5and 4.0,*** pH=5 and 7 there is virtually no change in inhibition but at pH=8 the inhibition falls away due to a considerable amount of cerium precipitating out of solution as cerium *** protective film formed on sites in the aluminium alloy surface at different pH values was examined by both scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the role of these ions as a function of pH in surface *** is proposed that at pH=2.5 protection is provided by a bilayer adsorption of iodide with"cap

关键词： Aluminium alloy Cerium(Ⅲ)salt Potassium iodide Corrosion inhibitor XPs Rare earths

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stratigraphic systems:origin and application

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1999年

作者： glenn s. Visher

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Refrigerated and frozen storage impact aronia berry quality

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Erica s.King Andrea Noll susan glenn Bradley W.Bolling Department of Food science University of Wisconsin-Madison1605 Linden Dr.MadisonWI53706USA Department of statistics Medical Sciences CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1300 University Ave Rm 1220MadisonWI53706USA

Postharvest storage of many freshly picked berries affects polyphenol and sugar content. However, little is known about the impact of refrigerated and frozen storage on aronia berry composition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize how storage at 4 ± 2 °C and − 20 ± 2 °C, and temperature cycles affect aronia berry polyphenols, total solid content, pH, titratable acidity, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, sugar content, acid content, color, and cell structure. Refrigerated storage reduced proanthocyanidins (21%), anthocyanins (36%), and total phenols (21%) after 12 weeks. Frozen storage increased polyphenols in the first 6 mo. of frozen storage but then decreased polyphenols at mo. 8 to levels similar to initial values. Frozen temperature cycling reduced anthocyanins 18% but did not affect total phenols or proanthocyanidins. scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated temperature cycling induced cell damage, shrinking, and fusion. This disruption led to the release of anthocyanins inside the berry tissue. PPO activity did not significantly correlate with the decrease in polyphenol content during storage. °Brix did not significantly change during refrigeration and frozen storage but did during the 12th temperature cycle. Aronia berries’ pH and titratable acidity were affected more by refrigeration than frozen and temperature storage. The pH increased by 4% during refrigeration, and titratable acidity decreased by 17% at 12 weeks. In conclusion, refrigerated storage results in a modest reduction of aronia berry polyphenols, but absolute extractable polyphenols are stable for up to 8 months of frozen storage.

关键词： Aronia berry Polyphenols storage Refrigeration sugars Acids Frozen

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Joining Performance and Microstructure of the 2024/7075 Aluminium Alloys Welded Joints by Vaporizing Foil Actuator Welding

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials science) 2019年第2期34卷 368-372页

作者：孟正华 WANG Xu GUO Wei HU Zhili Anupam Vivek HUA Lin glenn s DAEHN Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology state Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan University Department of Materials science and Engineering The Ohio State University

Vaporizing foil actuator welding(VFAW) was used for joining 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloy sheets, and the resulting joint microstructure was analyzed. 2024/7075 aluminum alloy pairs with suitable processing parameters can be prepared by using VFAW. Dynamic preform addresses the poor formability problem of target material and advantage of VFAW on dissimilar materials in some conditions. But with standoff sheet inserting in the flyer and target, 2024/7075 welded pairs gets the better weld strength, compared with flyer preformed method. The microstructure of the circular weld area of the welded joint showed a wave interface, in which a thin melt layer formed at the center and edge parts. The crystal grains near the bonding interface were remarkably elongated and refined. Therefore, the joining of the 2024/7075 pairs was facilitated through plastic forming and melting.

关键词： impact welding dissimilar materials vaporizing foil actuator joining interface

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Fully integrated and broadband si-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0001-I0010页

作者： VALERIO VITALI THALÍA DOMÍNGUEZ BUCIO HAO LIU JOsÉMANUEL LUQUE GONZÁLEZ FRANCIsCO JURADO-ROMERO ALEJANDRO ORTEGA-MOÑUX glenn CHURCHILL JAMEs C.GATEs JAMEs HILLIER NIKOLAOs KALFAGIANNIs DANIELE MELATI JENs H.sCHMID ILARIA CRIsTIANI PAVEL CHEBEN J.GONZALO WANGÜEMERT-PÉREZ ÑIGO MOLINA-FERNÁNDEZ FREDERIC GARDEs COsIMO LACAVA PERIKLIs PETROPOULOs Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Telecommunication Research Institute(TELMA) Universidad de MálagaCEI Andalucı´a TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicación29010 MálagaSpain school of science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBThe Netherlands Department of Materials science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91120 PalaiseauFrance Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Intermodal four-wave mixing(FWM)processes have recently attracted significant interest for all-optical signal processing applications thanks to the possibility to control the propagation properties of waves exciting distinct spatial modes of the same *** allows,in principle,to place signals in different spectral regions and satisfy the phase matching condition over considerably larger bandwidths compared to intramodal ***,the demonstrations reported so far have shown a limited bandwidth and suffered from the lack of on-chip components designed for broadband manipulation of different *** demonstrate here a silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal FWM,which integrates mode conversion,multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities *** system enables wavelength conversion between pump waves and a signal located in different telecommunication bands(separated by 60 nm)with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm,which represents,to our knowledge,the widest bandwidth ever achieved in an intermodal FWM-based system.

关键词： scattering pump modal

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Understanding Lithium-ion Transport in sulfolane- and Tetraglyme-Based Electrolytes Using Very Low-Frequency Impedance spectroscopy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 368-376页

作者： Janet sHo Oleg A.Borodin Michael sDing Lin Ma Marshall A.schroeder glenn R.Pastel Kang Xu Energy sciences Division Sensors and Electron Devices DirectorateUS Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi MD 20783USA

With the increasing interest in highly concentrated electrolyte systems,correct determination of the cation transference number is ***-field gradient NMR technique,which measures self-diffusion coefficients,is often applied on liquid electrolytes because of the wide accessibility and simple sample ***,since the assumptions of this technique,that is,complete salt dissociation,all ions participating in motion,and all of them moving independently,no longer hold true in concentrated solutions,the transference numbers,thus obtained are often *** the present work,impedance spectroscopy at a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 mHz was used to examine the concentration effect on lithium-ion transference number under anion-blocking conditions T abc Liþfor two electrolytes:lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFsI)in sulfolane(sL)and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide(LiTFsI)in tetraglyme(G4).The T abc Liþof the former was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the *** also appeared to increase with increasing concentration while the latter followed an opposite *** faster Li^(+)transport in the sL system is attributed to the formation of a liquid structure consisting of extended chains/bridges of sL molecules and the anions,which facilitate a cation-hopping/ligand-exchanged-typed diffusion mechanism by partially decoupling the cations from the anions and solvent *** G4 system,in contrast,is dominated by the formation of long-lived,stable[Li(G4)]+solvation cages that results in a sluggish Li+*** difference between the two transport mechanisms is discussed via comparison of the bulk ionic conductivity,viscosity,ion self-diffusion coefficients,and the Onsager transport coefficients.

关键词： anion-blocking conditions ion correlations low-frequency impedance spectroscopy transference number

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Principles for Code Choice in the ForeignLanguage Classroom： A Focus on Grammaring （Ⅱ）

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基础教育外语教学研究 2014年第11期 19-28页

作者： glenn s.Levine glenn s.Levine

(上接第10期)***,grammaring and L1 useOne of the arguably central functions of communication in the L2 classroom is explicit communication about language *** of the studies that have examined functions of the L1 in the classroom found communication about grammar to be a common,unmarked context for L1 *** the literature dealing with how adult learners develop grammatical knowledge of the L2,there has been some disagreement about the relative importance of implicit *** learning of grammatical forms and patterns (see *** 2005),but there is overall agreement that explicit learning is important.

关键词：基础教育英语学习学习方法阅读知识

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