Nowadays,the interest in hybrid vehicles is constantly increasing,not only in the automotive sector,but also in other transportation systems,to reduce pollution and emissions and to improve the overall efficiency of t...
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Nowadays,the interest in hybrid vehicles is constantly increasing,not only in the automotive sector,but also in other transportation systems,to reduce pollution and emissions and to improve the overall efficiency of the *** railway vehicles are typically the most eco-friendly transportation system,since commonly their primary energy source is electricity,they can still gain benefits from hybrid technologies,as many lines worldwide are not *** fact,hybrid solutions allow ICEpowered(internal combustion engine)railway vehicles,such as diesel multiple units(DMUs),to operate in fullelectric mode even when the track lacks *** possibility to switch to full electric mode is of paramount importance when the vehicle runs on urban or underground track sections,where low or zero emission levels are *** conduct the feasibility study of hybridization of an existing DMU vehicle,designed by Blue Engineering S.r.l.,running on the Aosta–Torino Italian railway line,which includes a non-electrified urban track section and an electrified underground *** hybridization is obtained by replacing one of the diesel generators installed on the original vehicle with a battery pack,which ensures the vehicle to operate in full-electric mode to complete its mission *** hybridization is also exploited to implement a regenerative braking strategy,which allows an increase in the energetical efficiency of the vehicle up to 18%.This work shows the sizing of the battery pack based on dynamic simulations performed on the Turin underground track section,and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the hybridization process.
BACKGROUND Non-clear cell(ncc)metastatic renal-cell carcinoma(RCC)has dismal results with standard systemic therapies and a generally worse prognosis when compared to its clear-cell *** systemic combination therapies ...
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BACKGROUND Non-clear cell(ncc)metastatic renal-cell carcinoma(RCC)has dismal results with standard systemic therapies and a generally worse prognosis when compared to its clear-cell *** systemic combination therapies have emerged for metastatic RCC(mRCC),but the pivotal phase III trials excluded patients with nccRCC,which constitute about 30%of metastatic RCC *** To provide a piece of real-life evidence on the use of pazopanib in this patient *** The present study is a multicenter retrospective observational analysis aiming to assess the activity,efficacy,and safety of pazopanib as first-line therapy for advanced nccRCC patients treated in a real-life *** Overall,48 patients were *** the median follow-up of 40.6 mo,the objective response rate was 27.1%,the disease control rate was 83.3%,and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 12.3(95%confidence interval[CI]:3.6-20.9)and 27.7(95%CI:18.2-37.1)mo,*** 3 adverse events occurred in 20%of patients,and no grade 4 or 5 toxicities were *** Pazopanib should be considered as a good first-line option for metastatic RCC with variant histology.
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