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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： mukti Barua m.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy J.Wester Channarayapatna K.girish Peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBm]and canola meal[Cm])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBm(413 g/kg)or Cm(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBm group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;Pm with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(Pmanner by *** the Cm,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;Pm d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;Pmagnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Electrochemical determination of Gibbs free energy of formation of magnesium ferrite

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2007年第4期14卷 361-364页

作者： Ling Wang Huizhu Zhou Yanruo Hong girish m.kale School of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Hebei Polytechnic University Tangshan 063009 China materials Science and Engineering School University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9IT UK

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of magnesium ferrite was determined by means of two types of solid state electrochemical cells： one using mgZr4（PO4）6 （mZP） as the solid electrolyte and the other using CaF2 as the solid electrolyte. The first cell was operated in the range of 950 to 1100 K. The second cell was operated in the range of 1125 to 1200 K. The reversibility of the cell EmFs was confirmed by microcoulometric titration. The Gibbs energy changes of magnesium ferrite relative to component oxides were calculated based on EmF measurements and are given by following expressions, respectively： AG1 = -3579-15 T （J/mol） and AGⅡ =6258-24.3 T （J/mol）. The results obtained from two different cells are consistent with each other. The results also are in agreement with Rao＇ s and Tretjakov＇s data in the measured temperature range. When the Gibbs free energies of formation of mgO and Fe203 were substituted in the reaction, the Gibbs free energies of formation of mgFe204 was obtained in two temperature ranges and the for mations are shown as follows： AG 1Formation =-1427394＋360.5 T （J/mol） and AGⅡ Formition =-1417557＋351.2 T （J/mol）.

关键词： magnesium ferrite electrochemical cell Gibbs free energy of formation solid electrolyte

A simple and distinguished nebulizer approach to prepare CdS thin films

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2017年第3期26卷 398-405页

作者： m.girish R.Sivakumar C.Sanjeeviraja R.Gopalakrishnan Department of Physics Alagappa UniversityKaraikudi 630003India Department of Physics Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and TechnologyKaraikudi 630003India Department of Physics Anna UniversityChennai 600025India

In this paper, we report the substrate temperature induced change in structural, optical, morphological,luminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of CdS films deposited by a simple and facile approach called nebulized spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the deposited CdS films belong to hexagonal wurtzite structure, with preferential orientation along c-axis,(002) direction perpendicular to the substrate plane. The crack free, uniform, and homogeneously distributed spherical particles are witnessed from AFm image. Various optical parameters like energy band gap, optical conductivity,refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constants, and dispersion energy parameters of the films were evaluated. The strong band edge emission observed in the PL study may be attributed to the recombination of excitations and/or shallowly trapped electron-hole pairs. The first and second overtone of LO modes of CdS at 302 and 600 cm-1are observed in the Raman study. The photoelectrochemical properties of the films were also tested.

关键词： Semiconductors Chemical synthesis Optical properties X-ray diffraction

Performance evaluation of DHRR-RIS based HP design using machine learning algorithms

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2023年第3期4卷 237-260页

作者： girish Kumar N G Sree Ranga Raju m N the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Bangalore Institute of TechnologyVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBangalore 560004India the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bangalore Institute of TechnologyVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBangalore 560004India

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS)have emerged as a promising technology for improving the reliability of massive mImO communication ***,conventional RIS suffer from poor Spectral Efficiency(SE)and high energy consumption,leading to complex Hybrid Precoding(HP)*** address these issues,we propose a new low-complexity HP model,named Dynamic Hybrid Relay Reflecting RIS based Hybrid Precoding(DHRR-RIS-HP).Our approach combines active and passive elements to cancel out the downsides of both conventional *** first design a DHRR-RIS and optimize the pilot and Channel State Information(CSI)estimation using an adaptive threshold method and Adaptive Back Propagation Neural Network(ABPNN)algorithm,respectively,to reduce the Bit Error Rate(BER)and energy *** optimize the data stream,we cluster them into private and public streams using Enhanced Fuzzy C-means(EFCm)algorithm,and schedule them based on priority and emergency *** maximize the sum rate and SE,we perform digital precoder optimization at the Base Station(BS)side using Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm and analog precoder optimization at the DHRR-RIS using Fire Hawk Optimization(FHO)*** implement our proposed work using mATLAB R2020a and compare it with existing works using several validation *** results show that our proposed work outperforms existing works in terms of SE,Weighted Sum Rate(WSR),and BER.

关键词： Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS) Dynamic Hybrid Relay Reflecting(DHRR)-RIS multi User multiple Input multiple Output(mU-mImO) hybrid precoder machine learning and deep learning algorithms channel state estimation

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(arginine)-modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode and its Application for the Determination of Pyridoxine in the Presence of Riboflavin: An Electroanalytical Approach

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第4期3卷 331-340页

作者： girish Tigari J.G.manjunatha Department of Chemistry FMKMC CollegeMangalore University Constituent CollegeMadikeriKarnatakaIndia

A simple poly(arginine)film-modified carbon nanotube paste electrode(PAmCNTPE)was prepared using cyclic voltam-metry(CV).The devised sensor was subjected to field-emission scanning electron microscope(FESEm)and CV *** sensing of 0.1 mm pyridoxine(PY)was upgraded at PAmCNTPE as compared to the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode(BCNTPE).The PAmCNTPE detects the 0.1 mm PY at a specific potential 0.727 V with a current response of 10.68μ*** the case of BCNTPE,the PY appeared at 0.798 V with a current 2.90μ*** proposed analytical method was optimized by prime parameters such as the impact scan rate,pH and PY *** optimal conditions,the concentration of PY is directly proportional to oxidation current(I_(pa))in linear range 2-10μm,and 10-80μm with a detection limit(LOD)of 9.6×10^(−7) m and limit of quantification(LOQ)of 3.21×10^(−6) *** simultaneous determination,concen-tration variation analysis of PY is performed with riboflavin(RF)and interference analysis in detecting PY also *** proposed sensor was effectively applied for the determination of PY in natural food supplement with excellent recovery.

关键词： Poly(arginine) Carbon nanotube Pyridoxine Riboflavin Cyclic voltammetry

Geospatial approach to elucidate anomalies in the hierarchical organization of drainage network in Kuttiyadi River Basin, Southern India

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第3期16卷 786-797页

作者： Thulasi Veedu SWETHA girish GOPINATH Arun BHADRAN Arjun P Department of Geology and Environmental Science Christ CollegeKerala 680125India Geomatics Division Centre for Water Resources Development and ManagementKerala 673571India Department of Climate Variability and Aquatic Ecosystems Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean StudiesKerala 682508India Earthquake Geology Division Geological Survey of IndiaNER Shillong 793014India

An assessment of anomalies in the hierarchical organization of the drainage network in the Kuttiyadi River Basin(KuRB),Kerala,has been performed by considering various morphometric parameters such as bifurcation index(R),hierarchical anomaly index(Δa),hierarchical anomaly density(ga),and stream gradient index(SL)in a geographical information system(GIS)***,a digital elevation model(DEm)of the area has been generated from Cartosat stereo pair data at 2.5-m *** computed quantitative information about drainage characteristics reveals the highest drainage anomaly is observed in sub-watersheds(SW)III and *** is observed that neo-tectonic activity caused the development of younger stage drainage patterns of structural controls in the sub-watersheds of this river *** tectonic activityinduced diffusion,high energy fluvial erosion,and anthropogenic interferences altered the hierarchical organization of the drainage network of the sub-watersheds in mature to old stages of geomorphic *** results of finding validated with asymmetry factor and ratio of the hierarchical index(Δa)with hierarchical anomaly number(A),bifurcation index(R),direct bifurcation ratio(Rdb),stream gradient index(SL),and denudation index(logTu).From the denudation index analysis,the sediment yield of the river basin is identified as 0.67 t·km^(−2)·yr^(−1).moreover,the asymmetric factor(AF)in the KuRB shows the imprints of Paleo−Neo Proterozoic crustal tilting toward a NNW−SSE direction.

关键词： river basin hierarchical anomaly bifurcation index stream gradient index denudation index Cartosat-1 DEm

Chemical composition and source apportionment of Pm2.5 and Pm2.5-10 in Trombay （mumbai, India）, a coastal industrial area

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Particuology 2018年第2期16卷 143-153页

作者： Sandeep Police Sanjay Kumar Sahu mahesh Tiwari Gauri girish Pandit Environmental monitoring and Assessment Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India

Pm2.5 and Pm2.5 lo concentrations, elemental constituents, and sources in a densely populated coastal industrial area （Trombay, mumbai） were investigated in 2010 and *** Pm2.s and Pm2.s lo concentra- tions were 13.50-71.60 and 22.40-127.78 p^g/m3, respectively. The daily Pm25 concentrations exceeded the Indian Central Pollution Control Board limit （60 μg/m3） several days in winter. Of the elements analyzed, Si then Al had the highest concentrations in Pm2.5- 10, but black carbon then Si had the highest concentrations in Pm2.s. The element concentrations varied widely by season. Al, Ca, Fe, Si, and Ti con- centrations were highest in summer, Cl, mg, and Na concentrations were highest in the monsoon season, and the other trace metal concentrations in both Pm2.5 and Pm2.5-10 were highest in winter. The Pm2.5 and Pm2.5-10 sources were apportioned by positive matrix factorization. Pm2.5 and Pm2.5-10 had six dominant sources, crustal material （8.7% and 25.3%, respectively）, sea salt spray （6.1% and 15.0%, respectively）, coal/biomass combustion （25.5% and 13.8%, respectively）, fuel oil combustion （19.0% and 11.2%, respectively）, road traffic （ 17.7% and 12.6%, respectively）, and the metal industry （ 10.6% and 7.0%, respectively）. Anthropogenic sources clearly contributed most to Pm2.5 but natural sources contributed most to Pm2.5-10.

关键词： Trombay Pm2.5 Pm2.5-10 Black carbon metals Positive matrix factorization

Bemisia tabaci Phylogenetic Groups in India and the Relative Transmission Efficacy of Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus by an Indigenous and an Exotic Population

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第2期11卷 235-248页

作者： R V Chowda-Reddy m Kirankumar Susan E Seal V muniyappa girish B Valand m R Govindappa John Colvin Agriculture Health and Environment GroupNatural Resources InstituteUniversity of Greenwich at MedwayChatham MaritimeKentME4 4TBUnited Kingdom Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre London-N5V 4T3Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of Agricultural SciencesBangalore-560 065India Department of Plant Pathology Gujarat Agricultural UniversityAnand 388110GujaratIndia

Bemisia tabaci adults from various host-plant species were collected from 31 regions across India.266 *** samples were first screened by RAPD-PCR to examine molecular variability and to select individuals with different ***-plant and region of collection were then used to select 25 individuals for PCR amplification and sequencing of their partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit one（mtCOI）*** comparisons with mtCOI consensus sequences showed that the majority of these samples had 〈3.5% sequence divergence from groups currently termed Asia I,Asia II-5,Asia II-7,and Asia *** biotype-B *** from India clustered into the middle East-Asia minor 1 group.A new group of *** from Coimbatore,collected from pumpkin,was related most closely to the Asia I group（6.2% sequence divergence from the consensus Asia I sequence）.To increase our understanding of the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease（ToLCD）and the key *** genetic groups involved in virus spread,the indigenous Asia I and the exotic biotype-B population from South India were used to carry out transmission experiments using Tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus（ToLCBV）.The acquisition access periods（AAP）,inoculation access periods（IAP）,latent periods（LP）,and ToLCBV transmission efficiencies of the two populations were compared and the biotype-B had the more efficient transmission *** results are discussed in relation to recent changes in the epidemiology of tomato leaf curl disease in South India.

关键词： begomoviruses mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase whitefly Bemisia tabaci virus-vector relationships epidemiology

Genetic variation for seed phosphorus and yield traits in Indian sorghum landraces and varieties

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The Crop Journal 2015年第4期3卷 358-365页

作者： Ashok Badigannavar G.girish T.R.Ganapathi Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) Agricultural Research Station

Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in cereals. It binds with nutritionally important metals and affects mineral bioavailability. The present study analyzed phytic acid, inorganic phosphorus(IP) content, seed weight, and grain yield in 98 sorghum landraces and varieties grown in two environments to evaluate genotypic and environmental effects and to determine trait stability. Genotypic effects and genotype × interaction were significant for phytic acid concentration and yield components. A promising landrace, malkhed-1, had the lowest phytic acid(0.015 mg g-1)concentration, with a higher yield(70.02 g plant-1), than the check variety m-35-1 in both environments. Similarly, among the varieties, Phule maulee showed the lowest phytic acid(0.07 mg g-1) and a higher grain yield of 53.15 g plant-1in both environments. Phytic acid and IP were negatively correlated(r =- 0.34), whereas grain yield and seed weight were positively correlated(r = 0.20). Cluster analysis based on seed phosphorus traits and yield components identified five and six clusters, respectively. Genotypes containing low phytic acid with high yield identified in this study would be helpful for increasing the bioavailability of mineral nutrients.

关键词： Phytic acid Sorghum Genetic variability Correlation