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role of Positive Selection Pressure on the Evolution of H5N1 Hemagglutinin

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第1期7卷 47-56页

作者： Venkata r.S.K. Duvvuri Bhargavi Duvvuri Wilfred r. Cuff gillian E. Wu Jianhong Wu Center for Disease Modeling York Institute of Health Research York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg Manitoba R3E 3R2 Canada Department of Mathematics and Statistics York University Toronto Ontario M3J IP3 Canada

The surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin （HA） helps the influenza A virus to evade the host immune system by antigenic variation and is a major driving force for viral evolution. In this study, the selection pressure on HA of H5N1 influenza A virus was analyzed using bioinformatics algorithms. Most of the identified positive selection （PS） sites were found to be within or adjacent to epitope sites. Some of the identified PS sites are consistent with previous experimental studies, providing further support to the biological significance of our findings. The highest frequency of PS sites was observed in recent strains isolated during 2005-2007. Phylogenetic analysis was also conducted on HA sequences from various hosts. Viral drift is almost similar in both avian and human species with a progressive trend over the years. Our study reports new mutations in functional regions of HA that might provide markers for vaccine design or can be used to predict isolates of pandemic potential.

关键词： positive selection H5N1 hemagglutinin epitope bioinformatics

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Alice in space

Segmented sedentary time and physical activity patterns throughout the week from wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers among children 7-12 years old

作者： gillian Beer.

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 179-188页

作者： gillian McLellan rosie Arthur Samantha Donnelly Duncan S.Buchan School of Health and Life Sciences The University of the West of ScotlandInstitute of Clinical Exercise and Health ScienceBlantyreG72 OLHScotlandUK

Background:This study examined the volume and patterns of physical activity(PA) and sedentary time(ST) across different segments of the week among boys and ***:A total of 188 children aged 7-12 years wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph GT3 X+accelerometer for 7 *** spent in PA and ST was calculated using ActiLife *** mean number of minutes of light PA,moderate PA,vigorous PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and ST were calculated per weekday(before school,during school,and after school) and per weekend day(morning and afternoon-evening).results:After school represented the greatest accumulation of ST compared with before school and during school *** engaged in225.4 min/day of ST(95% confidence interval(CI):216-235),and girls engaged in 222.2 min/day of ST(95%CI:213-231).During school,boys engaged in significantly more MVPA than girls(46.1 min/day(95%CI:44-48) vs.40.7 min/day(95%CI:39-43)).Across the whole weekday,boys participated in significantly more MVPA than girls(103.9 min/day(95%CI:99-109) vs.95.7 min/day(95%CI:90-101)).The weekend afternoon—evening segment represented the larger accumulation of ST,where boys were significantly more sedentary than girls(367.5 min/day(95%CI:353-382) vs.339.8 min/day(95%CI:325-355),respectively).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that children are highly sedentary and spend little of their time in school in MVPA,especially *** breaks in school elicit increases in light PA and *** work should consider the use of more active breaks within school time to encourage PA and reduce ST.

关键词： Accelerometry School Segments Weekday Youth

洛杉矶借助远程办公推动2028年“无车”奥运会

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第13期 41-41页

作者： gillian Tan 孟洁冰(译) 不详

加州洛杉矶为第三次举办夏季奥运做准备巴黎市长8月11日将奥运会会旗交给洛杉矶市长卡伦·巴斯.洛杉矶市长8月10日表示,为避免2028年夏季奥运期间出现交通混乱,洛杉矶计划鼓励远程办公,倡导非标准上班时间安排。

关键词：奥运会远程办公洛杉矶交通混乱非标准鼓励

Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia

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Cell research 2004年第3期14卷 241-250页

作者： Paul Alexander JONES,gillian ruth MAY,Joyce Ann MCLUCKIE,Akinori IWASHITA,John SHArKEY Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medical Information Eli Lilly and Company Ltd Lilly House Priestley road Basingstoke rG24 9NL UK Fujisawa Institute of Neurosdence Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK Medicinal Biology research Laboratories Fujisawa Pharmaceuticals Co.Ltd. 2-1-6 Kashima Yodogawa-ku Osaka 532-5814 Japan Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience Division of Neuroscience University of Edinburgh 1 George Square Edinburgh UK

Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGD induced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%. The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reductio

关键词： oxygen-glucose-deprivation caspase cortical necrosis.

Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第3期19卷 384-408页

作者： Stefanie K.Wculek gillian Dunphy Ignacio Heras-Murillo Annalaura Mastrangelo David Sancho Immunobiology Laboratory Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares(CNIC)Melchor Fernández Almagro 3Madrid28029Spain

Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural *** emerging field of immunometabolism highlights the importance of cellular metabolism for the maintenance and activities of immune *** are embryo-or adult bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are key for healthy tissue homeostasis but can also contribute to pathologies such as metabolic syndrome,atherosclerosis,fibrosis or *** metabolism has largely been studied in ***,different organs contain diverse macrophage populations that specialize in distinct and often tissue-specific *** context specificity creates diverging metabolic challenges for tissue macrophage populations to fulfill their homeostatic roles in their particular microenvironment and conditions their response in pathological ***,we outline current knowledge on the metabolic requirements and adaptations of macrophages located in tissues during homeostasis and selected diseases.

关键词： Tissue macrophages metabolism homeostasis pathology tissue regeneration

The Effects of Different Feeding Practices on the Nutritional Status of Infants below 12 Months Old in the Kumba 1 Sub-Division

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Prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in Children ≤ 5 Years of Age in Some Conflict Hit Areas of Meme Division of the South West region of Cameroon

Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2024年第5期 336页

作者： gillian Nkeudem Asoba Fidelis Sameh Ebong Samuel Metuge Etchu Kaptai Tabe Teh rene Ning Sumbele Irene Ngole

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Non-pharmacological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: recommendations for self-care and physician guidance

Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2024年第4期 235页

作者： Asoba gillian Nkeudem Ebong Fidelis Sameh Samuel Metuge Teh rene Ning Ngede Laura Senge Sumbele Irene Ngole

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3055-3070页

作者： Whitney Duff Natasha Haskey gillian Potter Jane Alcorn Paulette Hunter Sharyle Fowler College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan Irving K Barber School of Arts and Science University of British Columbia-Okanagan Department of Psychology University of Saskatchewan College of Pharmacy and Nutrition University of Saskatchewan St Thomas More College University of Saskatchewan Department of Medicine University of Saskatchewan

We performed a scoping review on sought-after complementary therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), specifically diet, physical activity and exercise(PA/E), and psychotherapy. We aim to update patients with IBD on therapies for self-care and provide physicians with guidance on how to direct their patients for the management of IBD. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED was completed in Sept 2016. Studies on diet, PA/E, or psychotherapy in patients with IBD were included. Medical Subject Heading terms and Boolean operators were used. The search was limited to full-text English articles describing an adult population. This review included 67 studies: Diet(n = 19); PA/E(n = 19); and psychotherapy(n = 29). We have made the following recommendations:(1) Diet: Consumption of diets rich in vegetables, fruit and soluble fiber may be beneficial in IBD. A trial of a low FODMAP diet can be considered in those patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. restrictive diets are lacking in evidence and should be avoided;(2) PA/E: regular lowmoderate intensity activity, including cardiovascular and resistance exercise, has been shown to improve quality of life(QOL) and may improve inflammation; and(3) psychotherapy: Therapies such as cognitive-behavioural interventions, mindfulness, hypnosis, and stress management have been shown to improve QOL, but evidence is limited on their impact on anxiety, depression, and disease activity. Overall, these complementary therapies are promising and should be used to treat patients with IBD from a more holistic perspective.

关键词： Scoping review Inflammatory bowel disease Diet Exercise Psychotherapy