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Gre.nhouse.gas e.issions from diffe.e.t pig manure. manage.e.t te.hnique.： a critical analysis

Frontie.s of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce.& e.gine.ring 2017年第3期11卷 3-18页

作者： Conor De.ne.y Pe.dar G. Lawlor Yan Jiang gillian e. gardiner Sihuang Xie.Long D Nghie. Xinmin Zhan Civil e.gine.ring College of Engineering and lnformatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Te.gasc Pig De.e.opme.t De.artme.t Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland De.artme.t of Scie.ce Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Strate.ic Wate. Infrastructure.Laboratory University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Manure.manage.e.t is the.primary source.of gre.nhouse.gas （GHG） e.issions from pig farming, which in turn accounts for 18% of the.total global GHG e.issions from the.live.tock industry. In this re.ie., GHG e.issions （N20 and CH4 e.issions in particular） from individual pig manure.（PGM） manage.e.t practice. （e.rope.n practise. in particular） are.syste.atically analyze. and discusse.. The.e.manure.manage.e.t practice. include.manure.storage. land application, solid/liquid se.aration, anae.obic dige.tion, composting and ae.obic waste.ate. tre.tme.t. The.pote.tial re.uction in ne. GHG e.issions by changing and optimising the.e.te.hnique. is asse.se.. This re.ie. also ide.tifie. ke. re.e.rch gaps in the.lite.ature.including the.e.fe.t of straw cove.ing of liquid PGM storage., the.e.fe.t of solid/liquid se.aration, and the.e.fe.t of dry anae.obic dige.tion on ne. GHG e.issions from PGM manage.e.t. In addition to ide.tifying the.e.re.e.rch gaps, se.e.al re.omme.dations including the.ne.d to standardize.units use. to re.ort GHG e.issions, to account ~br indire.t N20 e.issions, and to include.a broade. re.e.rch scope.by conducting de.aile. life.cycle.asse.sme.t are.also discusse.. Ove.all, anae.obic dige.tion and compositing to liquid and solid fractions are.be.t PGM manage.e.t practice. with re.pe.t to the.r high GHG mitigation pote.tial.

关键词： CH4N2O Storage.Anae.obic dige.tion Composting Se.aration

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Proce.s stability and microbial community composition in pig manure.and food waste.anae.obic co-dige.te.s ope.ate. at low HRTs

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Frontie.s of e.vironme.tal Scie.ce.& e.gine.ring 2017年第3期11卷 53-65页

作者： Conor De.ne.y Pe.dar G. Lawlor gillian e. gardiner Yan Jiang Paul Cormican Matthe. S. McCabe.Xinmin Zhan De.artme.t of Civil e.gine.ring College of Engineering and Informatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Te.gasc Pig De.e.opme.t De.artme.t Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland De.artme.t of Scie.ce Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Te.gasc Animal and Bioscie.ce.Re.e.rch De.artme.t Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Dunsany Meath Ireland

This study asse.se. the.e.fe.ts of re.ucing hydraulic re.e.tion time. （HRTs） from 21 days to 10.5 days whe. anae.obically co-dige.ting pig manure.and food waste. Continuously stirre. tank re.ctors of 3.75 L working volume.we.e.ope.ate. in triplicate.at 42℃. Dige.te. HRT was progre.sive.y de.re.se. from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associate. incre.se.in organic loading rate.（OLR） from 3.1 kg volatile.solids （VS）·m^-***^-1 to 5.1 kg VS·m^***-1 to 7.25 kg VS.m^-3·day^-1. Re.ucing HRT from 21 days to 15 days cause. a de.re.se.in spe.ific me.hane.yie.ds and VS re.oval rate.. Ope.ation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially re.ulte. in the.accumulation of isobutyric acid in e.ch re.ctor. High throughput 16S rRNA ge.e.se.ue.cing re.e.le. that this incre.se.coincide. with a shift in acidoge.ic bacte.ial populations, which most like.y re.ulte. in the.incre.se. isobutyric acid conce.trations. This may in turn have.cause. the.incre.se.in re.ative.abundance.of Clocamonace.e.bacte.ia, which syntrophically de.rade.non-ace.ate.volatile.fatty acids （VFAs） into H2 and CO2. This, along with the.incre.se.in abundance.of othe. syntrophic VFA oxidize.s, such as Spiorchate.e., sugge.ts that VFA oxidation plays a role.in dige.te. ope.ation at low HRTs. Re.ucing the.HRT to be.ow 21 days compromise. the.ability of the.anae.obic dige.tion syste. to re.uce.e.te.ic indicator organism counts be.ow re.ulatory limits.

关键词： Biogas Se.ue.cing Clocamonae.ae.Spiorchate.e. Isobutyrate.Biosafe.y

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Using prote.mics to compare.the.mole.ular structure. of sulfide.and pe.me.te.de.ilate. she.pskins

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Collage. and Le.the. 2024年第1期6卷 70-84页

作者： Yi-Hsuan Tu Tre.or S.Loo Mark L.Patche.t gillian e.Norris School of Natural Scie.ce. Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand

An e.vironme.tally frie.dly me.hod using re.l or artificial bovine.milk pe.me.te.to both de.ilate.and pre.e.ve.she.pskins has be.n re.orte. which comple.e.y and cle.nly re.ove. the.wool from the.hair follicle.and had no de.rime.tal e.fe.ts on the.skin.A prote.mic analysis,asse.sing the.re.ative.abundance.of prote.ns in matche. pe.me.te.de.ilate. and che.ically de.ilate.(sulfide.she.pskins,showe. variations in the.le.e.s of spe.ific collage. type. in the.skin's base.e.t me.brane.and othe. prote.ns associate. with the.*** findings we.e.corroborate. by bioche.ical analyse. of matche. pe.me.te.de.ilate. and raw skin sample.,and provide.clue. to the.me.hanism of non-invasive.nd comple.e.*** also support the.obse.vation that pe.me.te.de.ilate. skins we.e.smoothe. than the.r sulfide.de.ilate. counte.parts and re.ulte. in le.the. with a supe.ior surface.

关键词： Collage. Collage. crosslinks Glycosaminoglycan Prote.mics Re.ative.abundance

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Multinucle.r MR and MRI study of lithium-ion ce.ls using a variable.fie.d magne. and a fixe. fre.ue.cy RF probe

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Magne.ic Re.onance.Le.te.s 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramíre. Aguile.a Florin Marica Ke.in J.Sande.s Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyke. gillian R.Goward Bruce.*** UNB MRI Ce.tre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada De.artme.t of Che.istry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada De.artme.t of Che.istry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An e.ploratory multinucle.r magne.ic re.onance.MR)and magne.ic re.onance.imaging(MRI)study was pe.forme. on lithium-ion batte.y ce.ls with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H me.sure.e.ts.A variable.fie.d supe.conducting magne. with a fixe. fre.ue.cy paralle.-plate.radiofre.ue.cy(RF)probe.was e.ploye. in the.*** magne.ic fie.d was change. to se. the.re.onance.fre.ue.cy of e.ch nucle.s to the.fixe. RF probe.fre.ue.cy of 33.7 *** cartridge.like.lithium-ion ce.ls,with graphite.anode. and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathode.,we.e.*** ce.l was pristine.and one.was charge. to a ce.l voltage.of 4.2 *** re.ults pre.e.te. de.onstrate.the.gre.t pote.tial of the.variable.fie.d magne. approach in multinucle.r me.sure.e.t of lithium-ion *** me.hods ope. the.door for de.e.oping faste. and simple. me.hods for de.e.ting,quantifying,and inte.pre.ing MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and othe. batte.ie..

关键词： Multinucle.r MR/MRI Variable.fie.d magne. Lithium-ion batte.y Paralle.-plate.rf probe

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Bre.ding be.te. cultivars,faste.:applications of ne. te.hnologie. for the.rapid de.loyme.t of supe.ior horticultural tre. crops

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Horticulture.Re.e.rch 2014年第1期1卷 198-205页

作者： Ste.e.van Nocke. Susan e.gardiner De.artme.t of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824 The.Ne. Ze.land Institute.for Plant&Food Re.e.rch Limite. Plant and Food Re.e.rch Palme.ston North Private.Bag 11030 Manawatu Mail Ce.tre Palmerston North4442New Zealand

Woody pe.e.nial plants,including tre.s that produce.fruits and nuts of horticultural value.typically have.long bre.ding cycle.,and de.e.opme.t and introduction of improve. cultivars by plant bre.de.s may re.uire.many bre.ding cycle. and doze.s of ***,re.e.t advance. in biote.hnologie. and ge.omics have.the.pote.tial to acce.e.ate.cultivar de.e.opme.t gre.tly in all *** mini-re.ie. summarize. approache. to re.uce.the.numbe. and the.duration of bre.ding cycle. for horticultural tre. crops,and outline. the.challe.ge. that re.ain to imple.e.t the.e.into e.ficie.t bre.ding pipe.ine..

关键词： cultivar bre.ding crops

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Purine.gic contraction of the.rat vas de.e.e.s in L-NAMe.induce. hype.te.sion：e.fe.t of silde.afil

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 415-421,I0012页

作者： Se.ap Gur Sure.h C. Sikka gillian e. Knight Ge.ffre. Bumstock Wayne.J.G. He.lstrom De.artme.t of Urology Tulane University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA 70112 USA Autonomic Ne.roscie.ce.Ce.tre Royal Free and University College Medical School Rowland Hill Street London NW32PF UK

Hype.te.sion （HTN） is a risk factor for e.e.tile.dysfunction, but its e.fe.t on vas de.e.e.s （VD） contractility and the.e.aculatory re.ponse.has not be.n de.ine.te.. NG-nitro-L-arginine.me.hyl e.te. （L-NAMe., a nitric oxide.synthase.inhibitor, was use. for induction of nitric oxide.（NO）-de.icie.t HTN. Our aim was to e.aluate.the.e.fe.ts of L-NAMe.induce. HTN on rat VD contractility and to de.e.mine.whe.he. silde.afil affe.ts VD contractility. A total of 36 male.rats we.e.divide. into （1） control, （2）L-NAMe.HTN, （3） silde.afil tre.te. L-NAMe.HTN groups. Group 2 was tre.te. with L-NAMe.（40 mg kgI pe. day） in drinking wate. for 4 we.ks. Group 3 re.e.ve. silde.afil （1.5 mg kg^-1 pe. day, by oral gavage. concomitantly with L-NAMe. The.prostatic portion of the.VD was subje.te. to e.e.trical fie.d stimulation （e.S, 1-20 Hz）, and the.P2X1 agonist α,β-me.hyle.e.ATP （α,β me.TP, 100 μmol L^-1-1 μmol L-1） and the.al-adre.oce.tor agonist phe.yle.hrine.（Phe. 100 μmol L^-1-1 mmol L^-1） we.e.use. to construct conce.tration-re.ponse.curve.. The.e.e.pe.ime.ts we.e.re.e.te. in the.pre.e.ce.of P2X re.e.tor antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate.6-azophe.yl-2＇,4＇-disulfonic acid （PPADS, 30 μmol L-1）. VD contractions in re.ponse.to e.S, a,β-me.TP and Phe.we.e.significantly e.hance. by L-NAMe. Silde.afil tre.tme.t in the.L-NAMe.group improve. the.contractile.re.ponse.of VD to e.S （20 Hz）. In the.pre.e.ce.of PPADS, the.e.hance. contractile.re.ponse.of VD to e.S and a,β-me.TP in hype.te.sive.rats was re.e.se.. In the.rat mode. of chronic NO de.le.ion, the.purine.gic and adre.e.gic compone.ts and e.S affe.t VD contractility. The.VD contractile.re.ponse.may be.me.iate. more.by the.purine.gic syste. than the.adre.e.gic syste., and silde.afil may alte. the.e.aculatory re.ponse.in me. with Pe.

关键词： hype.te.sive.rat NG-nitro-L-arginine.me.hyl e.te. purine.gic re.e.tors P2X silde.afil vas de.e.e.s

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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-base. fe.al corticoste.oid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirre.s Urocite.lus richardsonii and be.avioural corre.ate. of stre.s

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Curre.t Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： Jame. F. HARe.Cale. R RYAN Chris e.RIGHT Laura e. gardiner Lindsay J SKYNe. Charle.e.N. Be.KVe.S W. Gary ANDe.SON De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine.Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Pre.e.t Addre.s: School of Applie. Scie.ce Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We.validate. a radioimmunoassay-base. me.hod quantifying fe.al glucocorticoid me.abolite. （FGMs） from captive.male.and fe.ale.Richardson＇s ground squirre.s Urocite.lus richardsonii. Blood sample. we.e.drawn to e.plore.the.corre.ation be.we.n plasma cortisol and FGM conce.trations. We.also inje.te. groups of squirre.s with normal saline.（CTL; control）, adre. nocorticotropic hormone.（ACTH; stimulating adre.al activity）, or de.ame.hasone.（De.; suppre.sing adre.al activity）. Pote.tial corre.ations be.we.n stre.s and be.aviour we.e.e.plore. through quantification of fe.al pe.le. production and the.inte.ve.tion ne.e.sary to e.icit de.e.ation, as we.l as the.be.aviour of subje.ts in the.conte.t of handling. Change. in plasma cortisol conce.- tration be.we.n capture.（base.ine., and following handling （stre.s-induce.） we.e.also quantifie. for fre.-living squirre.s. While.glucocorticoid conce.trations re.ove.e. from fe.e. during our captive.animal study we.e.not we.l corre.ate. with plasma e.rtisol conce.trations, and uncorre.ate. with de.e.ation or be.aviour, FGM conce.trations did re.le.t the.activation of the.hypothalamic- pituitary-adre.al （HPA） axis. FGM conce.trations incre.se. significantly during initial captivity, but de.line. to base.ine.le.e. as individuals acclimate. to the.nove. e.vironme.t. Inje.tion of subje.ts with ACTH incre.se. FGMs above.base.ine. confirming activation of the.HPA axis. Plasma cortisol conce.trations incre.se. significantly with induce. stre.s, indicating that capture.and handling activate. the.glucocorticoid stre.s re.ponse.e.e. among pre.iously handle., fre.-living subje.ts. Our findings validate.a non-invasive.tool that will afford ne. insight into the.physiological proce.se. unde.lying social, re.roductive.and antipre.ator be.aviour of Richardson＇s ground squirre.s [Curre.t Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stre.s Corticoste.oids Fe.al glucocorticoid me.abolite. Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirre.s

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Role.of Positive.Se.e.tion Pre.sure.on the.e.olution of H5N1 He.agglutinin

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Ge.omics, Prote.mics & Bioinformatics 2009年第1期7卷 47-56页

作者： Ve.kata R.S.K. Duvvuri Bhargavi Duvvuri Wilfre. R. Cuff gillian e. Wu Jianhong Wu Ce.te. for Dise.se.Mode.ing York Institute of Health Research York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada School of Kine.iology and He.lth Scie.ce. York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg Manitoba R3E 3R2 Canada De.artme.t of Mathe.atics and Statistics York University Toronto Ontario M3J IP3 Canada

The.surface.glycoprote.n he.agglutinin （HA） he.ps the.influe.za A virus to e.ade.the.host immune.syste. by antige.ic variation and is a major driving force.for viral e.olution. In this study, the.se.e.tion pre.sure.on HA of H5N1 influe.za A virus was analyze. using bioinformatics algorithms. Most of the.ide.tifie. positive.se.e.tion （PS） site. we.e.found to be.within or adjace.t to e.itope.site.. Some.of the.ide.tifie. PS site. are.consiste.t with pre.ious e.pe.ime.tal studie., providing furthe. support to the.biological significance.of our findings. The.highe.t fre.ue.cy of PS site. was obse.ve. in re.e.t strains isolate. during 2005-2007. Phyloge.e.ic analysis was also conducte. on HA se.ue.ce. from various hosts. Viral drift is almost similar in both avian and human spe.ie. with a progre.sive.tre.d ove. the.ye.rs. Our study re.orts ne. mutations in functional re.ions of HA that might provide.marke.s for vaccine.de.ign or can be.use. to pre.ict isolate. of pande.ic pote.tial.

关键词： positive.se.e.tion H5N1 he.agglutinin e.itope bioinformatics

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Two quantitative.trait loci, Dw1 and Dw2, are.primarily re.ponsible.for rootstock-induce. dwarfing in apple

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Horticulture.Re.e.rch 2015年第1期2卷 301-309页

作者： Toshi M Foste. Je.n-Marc Ce.ton David Chagné D Stuart Tustin Susan e.gardiner The.Ne. Ze.land Institute.for Plant&Food Re.e.rch Ltd Palmerston North Private Bag 11600Palmerston North 4474New Zealand INRA UMR 1345 Institut de.Re.he.che.e. Horticulture.e. Se.e.ce. 49071 BeaucouzéFrance The.Ne. Ze.land Institute.for Plant&Food Re.e.rch Ltd Havelock North Private Bag 1401Havelock North 4175New Zealand

The.apple.dwarfing rootstock‘Malling9’(‘M9’)has be.n use. worldwide.both to re.uce.scion vigour and as a ge.e.ic source.for bre.ding ne. *** of‘M9’se.re.ate.for rootstock-induce. dwarfing of the.scion,indicating that this trait is controlle. by one.or more.ge.e.ic factors.A quantitative.trait locus(QTL)analysis of a rootstock population de.ive. from the.cross be.we.n‘M9’×‘Robusta5’(non-dwarfing)and grafte. with‘Brae.urn’scions ide.tifie. a major QTL(Dw1)on linkage.group(LG)5,which e.hibits a significant influe.ce.on dwarfing of the.scion.A smalle.-e.fe.t QTL affe.ting dwarfing(Dw2)was ide.tifie. on LG11,and four minor-e.fe.t QTLs we.e.found on LG6,LG9,LG10 and *** analysis indicate. that the.combination of Dw1 and Dw2 has the.stronge.t influe.ce.on rootstock-induce. dwarfing,and that Dw1 has a stronge. e.fe.t than *** marke.s linke. to Dw1 and Dw2 we.e.scre.ne. ove. 41 rootstock acce.sions that confe. a range.of e.fe.ts on scion *** majority of the.dwarfing and se.i-dwarfing rootstock acce.sions scre.ne. carrie. marke. alle.e. linke. to Dw1 and *** sugge.ts that most apple.dwarfing rootstocks have.be.n de.ive. from the.same.ge.e.ic source.

关键词： dwarf trait bre.ding

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Mole.ular characte.ization of inte.ge.e.ic hybrids be.we.n Malus and Pyrus

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Horticulture.Re.e.rch 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasquale.to Luisa Palmie.i Ste.an Marte.s Vince.t G.M.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wie.ow Mickae. A.Malnoy Susan e.gardiner Re.e.rch and Innovation Ce.tre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy De.artme.t of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The.Ne. Ze.land Institute.for Plant and Food Re.e.rch Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple.Malus)and pe.r(Pyrus)are.e.onomically important fruit crops we.l known for the.r unique.te.ture.,f lavours,and nutritional *** ge.e.a are.characte.ise. by a distinct patte.n of se.ondary me.abolite.,which dire.tly affe.t not only re.istance.to ce.tain dise.se.,but also have.significant impacts on the.f lavour and nutritional value.of the.*** ide.tical chromosome.numbe.s,similar ge.ome.size.and the.r re.e.t dive.ge.ce.date.toge.he. with DNA marke.s have.shown that apple.and pe.r ge.ome. are.highly *** study utilize. comparative.ge.omic approache.,including simple.se.ue.ce.re.e.ts,high re.olution single.nucle.tide.polymorphism me.ting analysis,and single.nucle.tide.polymorphism chip analysis to ide.tify ge.e.ic diffe.e.ce. among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** re.e.rch has de.onstrate. and validate. that the.e.thre. marke. type.,along with me.abolomics analysis are.ve.y powe.ful tools to de.e.t and confirm hybridity of proge.y de.ive. from crosse. be.we.n apple.and pe.r in both cross ***,this work analyse. the.ge.us-spe.ific me.abolite.patte.ns and the.re.istance.to fire.blight(e.winia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will e.hance.and acce.e.ate.the.bre.ding of nove. tre. fruit crops that be.e.it produce.s and consume.s,by e.abling marke. assiste. se.e.tion of de.ire. traits introgre.se. be.we.n pe.r and apple.

关键词： crops utilize. bre.ding

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