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Evaluation and hedonic value in mate choice

Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 485-492页

作者： gil G. rosenthal Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas de la Huastecas "Aguazarca" Università degli Studi di Torino Italy

Mating preferences can show extreme variation within and among individuals even when sensory inputs are conserved. This variation is a result of changes associated with evaluative mechanisms that assign positive, neutral, or negative hedonic value to stimuli--that is, label them as attractive, uninteresting, or unattractive. There is widespread behavioral evidence for differences in genes, environmental cues, or social experience leading to marked changes in the hedonic value of stimuli. Evaluation is accomplished through an array of mechanisms that are readily modifiable through genetic changes or environmental inputs, and that may often result in the rapid acquisition or loss of behavioral preferences. Reversals in preference arising from ＂flips＂ in hedonic value may be quite common. Incorporating such discontinuous changes into models of preference evolution may illuminate our understanding of processes like trait diversification, sexual conflict, and sympatric speciation.

关键词： associative learning assortative mating meting preference sensory biology valence

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What is it like to be a peahen？

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 180-183页

作者： gil rosenthal Guest Editor Department of Biology Texas A&M University TX 77843USA grosenthal@bio.tamu.edu Centl'O de Investigaciones Cientificas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" 16 de Septiembre 392 colonia Aguazarca Calnali Hi- dalgo Mexico

The 1970s and 1980s marked the apotheosis of Dar- win＇s （1871） conjecture, dismissed in its day, that mate choice driven by individual aesthetic preferences - a ＂taste for the beautiful＂ - plays a central role in evolu- tion. The major lines of mate-choice research were largely defined by 1990. Animal behaviorists and neu- roethologists had shown that preferences were multidi- mensional （Burley, 1981） and contingent on a multipli- city of factors （Bateson, 1978）. Evolutionary geneticists and behavioral ecologists argued that positive （Zahavi A, 1975）, negative （Parker, 1979） or neutral （Lande, 1981） fitness effects could drive the evolution of mating prefe- rences, or that preferences could ~merge from functions unrelated to mating （Endler, 1992, Ryan, 1990）. Under any of these scenarios, mate choice could play an inte- gral role in the origin and maintenance of gene flow barriers among species and in the structure of natural populations （Lande, 1981, Searcy, 1982, West- Eberhard, 1983）. Many of these ideas were crystallized in an eponymous volume edited by Bateson （1983）; progress was summarized a decade later as part of Andersson＇s （1994） encyclopedic Sexual Selection.

关键词：动物行为学孔雀生态学家遗传学家基因流动种群结构性别选择百科全书

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What artifice can and cannot tell us aboutanimal behavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 21-26页

作者： Daniel L. POWELL gil G. rosenthal Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de InvestigacionesCientfficas de las Huastecas Aguazarca 43230 Calnali Hidalgo Mexico

Artifice--the manipulation of social and environmental stimuli--is fundamental to research in ani-mal behavior. State-of-the-art techniques have been developed to generate and present complexvisual stimuli. These techniques have unique strengths and limitations. However, many of theissues with synthetic animation and virtual reality are common to playback experiments in general,including those using unmanipulated video or auditory stimuli. Playback experiments, in turn, fallinto the broader category of experiments that artificially manipulate the array of stimuli experi-enced by a subject. We argue that the challenges of designing and interpreting experiments usingvirtual reality or synthetic animations are largely comparable to those of studies using oldertechnologies or addressing other modalities, and that technology alone is unlikely to solve thesechallenges. We suggest that appropriate experimental designs are the key to validating behavioralresponses to artificial stimuli and to interpreting all studies using artifice, including those that pre-sent complex visual displays.

关键词： animation, animal communication, artifice, experimental design, mate choice, playback.

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Technical and conceptual considerations forusing animated stimuli in studies of animalbehavior

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 5-19页

作者： Laura CHOUINARD-THULY Stefanie GIERSZEWSKI gil G. rosenthal Simon M. READER Guillaume RIEUCAU Kevin L. Woo Robert GERLAI Cynthia TEDORE Spencer J. INGLEY John R. STOWERS Joachim G.FROMMENI Francine L. DOLINS Klaudia WITTE Department of Biologv McGill University 1205 Docteur Penfield Montreal Quebec Canada H3A 1B1 Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology Institute of Biology University of Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Str. 2 Siegen 57068 Germany Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Texas A&M University 3258 TAMU College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investigaciones Cientfficas de las Huastecas "Aguazarca" Calnali Hidalgo Mexico Departmentof Biological Sciences Florida International University 3000 Northeast 151 Street North Miami FL 33181 USA SUNY Empire State College Metropolitan Center 325 Hudson Street New York NY 10013-1005 USA Departmentof Psychology University of Toronto Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road Mississauga Ontario Canada L5L 1C6 Lund Vision Group Department of Biology Lund University SSIvegatan 35 Lund 22362 Sweden Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB#3280 Coker Hall Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Research Institute of Molecular Pathology IMP Vienna Biocenter VBC Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7 Vienna 1030 Austria loopbiogmbh Hauptstrasse 93 Kritzendorf 3420 Austria Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a Hinterkappelen 3032 Switzerland Department of Behavioral Sciences University of Michigan-Dearborn 4901 Evergreen Road Dearborn MI 48128 USA

Rapid technical advances in the field of computeropened new avenues in animal behavior *** （CA） and virtual reality （VR） haveAnimated stimuli are powerful tools as theyoffer standardization, repeatability, and complete control over the stimulus presented, thereby＂reducing＂ and ＂replacing＂ the animals used, and ＂refining＂ the experimental design in line withthe 3Rs. However, appropriate use of these technologies raises conceptual and technical *** this review, we offer guidelines for common technical and conceptual considerations related tothe use of animated stimuli in animal behavior research. Following the steps required to create ananimated stimulus, we discuss （I） the creation, （11） the presentation, and （111） the validation of CAsand VRs. Although our review is geared toward computer-graphically designed stimuli, consider-ations on presentation and validation also apply to video playbacks. CA and VR allow both new be-havioral questions to be addressed and existing questions to be addressed in new ways, thus weexpect a rich future for these methods in both ultimate and proximate studies of animal behavior.

关键词： animal behavior, animated stimulus, computer animation, experimental design, virtual reality, visual communication.

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