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Using AI and Precision Nutrition to Support Brain Health during Aging

Advances in Aging Research 2024年第5期13卷 85-106页

作者： Sabira Arefin gideon Kipkoech Global Healthcare Leadership Program Harvard University Boston USA Independent Researcher University of Embu Nairobi Kenya

Artificial intelligence, often referred to as AI, is a branch of computer science focused on developing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Broadly speaking, AI researchers aim to develop technologies that can think and act in a way that mimics human cognition and decision-making [1]. The foundations of AI can be traced back to early philosophical inquiries into the nature of intelligence and thinking. However, AI is generally considered to have emerged as a formal field of study in the 1940s and 1950s. Pioneering computer scientists at the time theorized that it might be possible to extend basic computer programming concepts using logic and reasoning to develop machines capable of “thinking” like humans. Over time, the definition and goals of AI have evolved. Some theorists argued for a narrower focus on developing computing systems able to efficiently solve problems, while others aimed for a closer replication of human intelligence. Today, AI encompasses a diverse set of techniques used to enable intelligent behavior in machines. Core disciplines that contribute to modern AI research include computer science, mathematics, statistics, linguistics, psychology and cognitive science, and neuroscience. Significant AI approaches used today involve statistical classification models, machine learning, and natural language processing. Classification methods are widely applicable to problems in various domains like healthcare, such as informing diagnostic or treatment decisions based on patterns in data. Dean and Goldreich, 1998, define ML as an approach through which a computer has to learn a model by itself from the data provided but no specification on the sort of model is provided to the computer. They can then predict values for things that are different from the values used in training the models. NLP looks at two interrelated concerns, the task of training computers to understand human languages and the fact that since natural languages are so complex, they le

关键词： Artificial Intelligence (AI) Precision Nutrition Brain Health Aging Research Gerontology Cognitive Functions Temporal Reasoning Medication Adherence Electronic Health Records (EHRs) Machine Learning (ML) Healthcare Technology

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Propane dehydro-aromatization reaction over PtFe@S-1 coupling with Zn/ZSM-5 tandem catalysts: the role of Zn species

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 25-35页

作者： Kai Bian Sirui Liu Huahua Fan Guanghui Zhang Xinwei Zhang gideon Abaidoo Ocran Mingrui Wang Quanjie Liu Xiaowa Nie Shuandi Hou Xinwen Guo Sinopec Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Dalian 116045China State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontier Science Center for Smart MaterialsPSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy ResearchSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

Unraveling the structure-activity relationship and improving the catalytic performance is paramount in propane dehydro-aromatization reactions. Herein, a tandem catalyst with high propane dehydro-aromatization reaction performance was prepared via coupling the PtFe@S-1 with Zn/ZSM-5 zeolites (PtFe@S-1&1.0Zn/ZSM-5), which exhibits high dehydrogenation activity, aromatics selectivity (~60% at ~78% propane conversion), and stability. The addition of zinc inhibits the cleavage of C_(6)^(=) intermediates on ZSM-5 and promotes the aromatization pathway by weakening zeolite acid strength, significantly improving the selectivity to aromatics. This understanding of the structure-activity relationship in propane dehydro-aromatization reaction helps develop future high-performance catalysts.

关键词： propane dehydro-aromatization reaction tandem catalysts the structure-activity relationship of zinc species

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Socio-Demographic and Economic Factors Associated with Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital in Nairobi County, Kenya

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 221-237页

作者： Nyawela S. Nyibil gideon Kikuvi Isabel Kazanga Chiumia Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Systems and Policy Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Lilongwe The Republic of Malawi

Introduction: Pregnant women are a highly vulnerable population for COVID-19 with increased risk of hospitalization, intensive-care unit admission, invasive ventilation support, and mortality. Objective: This study determined the socio-demographic and economic factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women utilizing antenatal care services in Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi County-Kenya. Methods: The study was carried out from 15 June to 23 July 2023. Systematic sampling was used to select 302 women from whom data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software in which bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done at a significance level of p Results: A total of 302 pregnant women participated in the study. Of these, 105 (34.8%) were aged between twenty-six (26) and thirty (30) years. The mean age of the women was 28.60 ± (SD = 5.297). The uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine was 41.1%. The common side effects reported to be associated with the vaccines were fever, headache, joint pain, vomiting and skin rash. Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine was significantly associated with being married (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI: 0.62 - 1.80, p = 0.001), having a secondary level of education (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI: 0.99 - 2.88, p = 0.001) and being employed (COR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.31 - 3.06, p = 0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination uptake remains low among pregnant women in seeking ANC in Nairobi. The individual factors associated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant Women at Pumwani maternity hospital in Nairobi County were being married, having secondary level of education and being employed. Integration of the COVID-19 vaccine with other routine vaccinations as per the national immunization program in Kenya and the enhancement of education regarding the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnancy and breastfeeding and economic

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Associated Factors Pregnant Women

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Prevalence of Microvascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 444-458页

作者： Rachael Ireri gideon Kikuvi Susan Mambo Betsy C. Rono Cheriro Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Clinical Medicine Kenya Medical Training College Nairobi Kenya

Microvascular complications are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). More than 50% of Nyeri County Referral Hospital (NCRH) admissions result from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and over 55% of hospital deaths are attributable to NCDs. In Kenya, Nyeri County has the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus compared to other counties. This study therefore sought to assess the prevalence of microvascular complications and the associated risk factors among patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital in Kenya. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 314 DM patients on follow-up at NCRH from August 2022 to October 2022. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses are used to determine the risk factors associated with Microvascular complications of DM. Among the 314 participants with DM, 58% were females. The overall prevalence of Microvascular complications (MVCs) is 36.62%. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was the most frequent complication (27.4%). Inadequate physical exercise was a risk factor for all MVCs. Age, marital status, and level of education were risk factors for neuropathy while smoking and alcohol intake were risk factors for nephropathy. Non-smokers were 98% less likely to have nephropathy (OR = 0.024;95% CI 0.003 - 0.145). The odds of those who exercise once weekly getting retinopathic complications reduced by 83% (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.049 - 0.398) compared to those who exercise daily. The findings highlight the implication of lifestyle factors in the development of MVCs among DM patients. Therefore, benefits of microvascular complications prevention should thus be factored into the management of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Microvascular Complications Risk Factors Retinopathy Neuropathy Nephropathy

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Therapeutic Benefits of Vernonia amygdalina in the Treatment of Inflammation and Its Associated Diseases

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第1期4卷 44-53页

作者： Du-Bois Asante gideon Akuamoah Wiafe Korantema Mawuena Tsegah Nelson Kwabla Domey Department of Forensic Sciences School of Biological SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Natural SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape CoastGhana Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Allied Health SciencesCollege Health and Allied SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape CoastGhana School of Medical Sciences College Health and Allied SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape CoastGhana

Background:In the presence of a stimulus that disrupts homeostasis,the body elicits a response known as *** inflammatory response is expected to restore the normal functioning of the body and initiate healing where ***,the persistent activity of acute inflammation results in chronic inflammation which causes adverse consequences associated with diseases such as diabetes and *** traditional medical practice,Vernonia amygdalina is used to treat several ailments such as malaria,fever,diabetes,and inflammatory conditions such as those related to pain and ***:This review seeks to explore and discuss the therapeutic benefits of *** in the treatment of inflammation and its associated ***:We reviewed the scientific literature indexed in PubMed,ScienceDirect and Springer,and discussed the reported anti-inflammatory properties of *** and its curative activity in inflammation-associated ***:A total of 30 published articles were identified describing the therapeutic effect of *** in predominately experimental *** anti-inflammatory properties of *** have been linked to the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents predominantly present in the leaves of the ***:Multiple studies have demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of *** can inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes in inflammatory cells,reducing inflammation and its associated *** critically appraise the current evidence,and discuss the potential use of this medicinal plant in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

关键词： Vernonia amygdalina Inflammation Cytokines Wound healing Analgesic Antipyretic

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The Nature-Culture Distinction in Disaster Studies:The Recent Petition for Reform as an Opportunity for New Thinking?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第2期12卷 240-249页

作者： gideon van Riet School for Government Studies North-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2531Northwest ProvinceSouth Africa

This article constructively challenges the often cited distinction between the so-called hazard and vulnerability perspectives in disaster *** a context of increasingly intertwined,dense,and complex socioeco-logical dynamics,disaster scholars often hold onto an apparently untenable distinction between nature and culture,manifested as either a hazard or a vulnerability *** article maintains that the typically undesired approach(the hazard approach)is inherent to the preferred(vulnerability)*** article builds on Oliver-Smith’s(2013)critique of the magnitude of requirements placed upon practitioners given the full implications of the vulnerability *** critical of the vulnerability perspective,this article does not fundamentally disagree with the validity of its ***,by drawing on the pragmatist philosophy of Rorty(1989)and by demonstrating the potential value of posthumanism for disaster studies,I wish to argue for greater pragmatism within disaster *** article considers the recent petition or manifesto for disaster studies(Gaillard et al.2019)for more inclusive disaster research as a potential opportunity to challenge the aforementioned nature-culture distinction in the field,as the petition signed by a number of disaster scholars outlines various concerns over the asymmetrical power relations between local and external *** power relations have adverse consequences for the appropriateness of knowledge production in many contexts.I am primarily ISI gideon van Riet ***@*** 1 School for Government Studies,North-West University,Potchefstroom 2531,Northwest Province,South Africa concerned with the very local level of disaster occurrence,where posthumanism might be most valuable.

关键词： Disaster studies Nature-culture Posthumanism Pragmatist philosophy Vulnerability perspective

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Assessing farmers' contribution to greenhouse gas emission and the impact of adopting climate-smart agriculture on mitigation

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 592-601页

作者： Michael Ayeah Israel Joseph Amikuzuno gideon Danso-Abbeam Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University for Development StudiesTamaleGhana

Background:The adoption of climate-smart agricultural(CSA)practices is expected to improve farmers’adaptation to climate change and also increase yields while simultaneously curbing greenhouse gas(GHG)*** paper explores the determinants of smallholder farmers’participation in GHG-emitting *** also estimates the impact of CSA activities on reducing GHG ***:The findings are based on survey data obtained from 350 smallholder farmers in the East Gonja district of Northern *** adopted the generalized Poisson regression model in identifying factors influencing farmers’participation in the GHG emission practices and inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment(IPWRA)to estimate the impact of CSA adoption on GHG ***:Most farming households engaged in at least one emission *** findings of the generalized Poisson model found that wealthier households,higher education,and households with access to extension services were less likely to participate in GHG emission *** was also evidence that CSA adoption significantly reduces GHG ***:Advocacy in CSA adoption could be a necessary condition for environmental protection through the reduction of GHG emissions.

关键词： Climate-smart agriculture Emission Mitigation Adoption Under-dispersion Count models Treatment effect

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Antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 92-111页

作者： Andrea Kristina Horst Kingsley gideon Kumashie Katrin Neumann Linda Diehl Gisa Tiegs Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfMartinistraBe 52D-20251 HamburgGermany Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfMartinistraBe 52D-20251 HamburgGermany

The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic *** liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and *** the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment,which Is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating *** response to pathogens or autoantigens,tolerance is disrupted by unknown *** parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting *** presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-,metabolite-and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or *** of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases,such as autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,and primary sclerosing *** the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown,it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids,as well as alterations in bile acid composition,may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective antiinflammatory regulatory T and B cell ***,the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MHC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different(non)immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and ***,we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.

关键词： liver tolerance autoimmune liver disease antigen presentating cell

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Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance-Evidences *** Domiciled in Ghana

Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance-Ev...

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作者： gideon AHIABLE 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

企業社會責任(CSR)的概念和行為在加納仍處於發展階段,加納正在有意識地努力增加企業社會責任文獻,並鼓勵其在該國的公司中廣泛採用。本研究旨在探索企業社會責任與企業財務績效(CFP)之間存在的關係,並調查所有權結構是否調節企業社會... 详细信息

企業社會責任(CSR)的概念和行為在加納仍處於發展階段,加納正在有意識地努力增加企業社會責任文獻,並鼓勵其在該國的公司中廣泛採用。本研究旨在探索企業社會責任與企業財務績效(CFP)之間存在的關係,並調查所有權結構是否調節企業社會責任與企業財務績效之間的關係。該研究從2012年到2022年的10年期間從加納Club 100排名表中的112家公司中抽樣,這些公司也在加納註冊。二手數據來自年度報告和抽樣公司的財務報表,对獲得的數據通過普通最小二乘估計技術分析。該研究的結果表明,企業社會責任與本研究中評估的CFP的三個指標(包括資產回報率、銷售回報率和托賓Q)有顯著的正相關關係。此外,還發現公司的所有權結構调节了CSR和CFP之間的關係,在這種情況下,外國控股公司能夠使用CSR來提高其財務績效,而不是本地控股公司。建議在加納的公司中促進統一和廣泛採用企業社會責任,有必要製定強有力和統一的企業社會責任政策以及製定法律以使商業組織保持一致以履行其企業責任。我们還建議加強跨行業的企業社會責任教育,重點是讓企業了解與企業社會責任相關的經濟利益,而不是企業責任導致沉沒成本的錯誤認識。

关键词：企業社會責任企業財務績效加納可持續性所有權結構加納俱樂部100 資產回報率銷售回報率 Tobin Q

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Elevational Variation in Reproductive Strategy of a Widespread Lizard:High-Elevation Females Lay Fewer but Larger Eggs

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第3期13卷 198-204页

作者： gideon Gywa DEME Xin HAO Liang MA Baojun SUN Weiguo DU Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China College of Forestry Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228HainanChina

Identifying how reproductive strategies such as the trade-off between clutch size versus egg mass vary with elevational gradients is essential for our understanding of life-history *** studied lacertid lizards(Eremias argus)in China,from six populations at different altitudes,to assess elevational variation in reproductive *** found significant between-population variation in maternal body size and clutch mass,but these variations were not explained by elevational ***,high-elevation females tended to produce smaller clutches of larger eggs compared with their low-elevation counterparts,demonstrating an elevational change in the trade-off between egg size and *** egg size-number trade-off is a reproductive strategy that may favor large offspring,better enabling them to survive severe and unpredictable environments found at high elevations.

关键词： between-population variation clutch size egg size elevational gradient Eremiasargus local adaptation reproductive output

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