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Structural Aerospace Composite/Metallic Samples under Fatigue Loads： Experimental Activity on Three Case Studies

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第4期4卷 318-326页

作者： giacomo Frulla Giulio Romeo Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di Torino Torino 10129 Italy

The use of composite materials in aerospace engineering is ever increasing. Properties such as low weight, high performance, high stiffness and the ability for it to be tailored specifically for different structural uses has increased its importance in recent years. Specific experimental/numerical activities were developed in the last decade at the aerospace department of Polito and are under consideration in recent years regarding the analysis of fatigue behavior of composite/metallic structural samples under cyclic loading condition. A review of the main significant results connected to three case-studies is presented in the paper. The first is related to the definition and analysis of innovative joint for composite high aspect ratio aircraft structures. The modular design oriented to limit component dimensions for transportability requires the presence of a removable joints able to overcome the typical low bearing failure level of composite pin-loaded joint under static and fatigue loading distribution according to airworthiness requirements. The static experiments demonstrate the consistency of the proposed advanced joint configuration that postpones the joint failure to high load level according to the structural requirements. The cyclic loading phase takes as reference point the failure load of the initial configuration and defines a loading cycle with a maximum higher than the failure load of the initial configuration. The fatigue behavior of the advanced joint also demonstrates a substantial consistency with expected duration of 1 e6 cycles as required by the structural design for operating reasons. Specific indication on fatigue limit with respect to critical amplitude is reported. The second is related to the presence of specific damaged situation in thin-walled fiat/stiffened composite plate. Stiffened configurations are frequently used to increase buckling load level. Unexpected events on solid/stiffened composite panels can introduce a certain level of

关键词： Aerospace structures composites fatigue corrosion experimental activity.

An international program on Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction--a Belt and Road initiative (2016-2020)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第7期15卷 1383-1396页

作者： LEI Yu CUI Peng Amar Deep REGMI Virginia MURRAY Alessandro PASUTO giacomo TITTI Muhammad SHAFIQUE Tilak PRIYADARSHANA D.G. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes/Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bering 100049 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101 China Public Health England London 133-155 England UNISDR Scientific and Technical Advisory Group Geneva Switzerland Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Scientific Committee Beijing 100094 China Research Institute for C-eo-Hydrological Protection National Research Council 4- 35127 Padova Italy National Center of excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Peshawar 25130 Pakistan Internal Quality Assurance Unit &Center for International Affairs University ofRuhuna Matara Sri Lanka

Belt and Road Initiative(BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction(DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries(BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.

关键词： Natural hazards Silk Road Disaster risk reduction Belt and Road Initiative Sendai Framework International collaboration program

Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Reduced CH4 Emissions but Triggered N2O Peaks in a Clayey Soil of Central Italy

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 533-548页

作者： Alessandra LAGOMARSINO Alessandro Elio AGNELLI Bruce LINQUIST Maria Arlene ADVIENTO-BORBE Alberto AGNELLI giacomo GAVINA Stefano RAVAGLIA Rossana Monica FERRARA Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria centro di ricerca per l'Agro Biologia e la Pedologia 50121 Firenze Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Universita di Perugia 06123 Perugia Societa Italiana Sementi S. Lazzaro di Savena 40068 Bologna Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments70125 Bari

Reducing CH4 and N20 emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N20 emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH4 and N20 emissions, and global warming potential （GWP） in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N20 emissions which offset reductions in CH4 emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH4 emissions decreased by 97%, while N20 emissions increased by more than 5-fold under AWD as compared to PF; in the second year, with a 40% water saving, the reductions of rice yields and CH4 emissions （13% and 11%, respectively） were not significant, but N20 fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N20 fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water level above the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.

关键词： aerobic soil conditions fertilization global warming potential greenhouse gas mitigation potential water saving

Short-Term Response of Soil Microbial Biomass to Different Chabazite Zeolite Amendments

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 277-287页

作者： giacomo FERRETTI Katharina Maria KEIBLINGER Dario DI GIUSEPPE Barbara FACCINI Nicolò COLOMBANI Sophie ZECHMEISTER-BOLTENSTERN Massimo COLTORTI Micòl MASTROCICCO Deptartment of Physics and Earth Sciences University of Ferrara Via Saragat 1 Ferrara 44122 (Italy) Institute of Soil Research Department of Forest and Soil Sciences University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Peter Jordan Strasse 82 Vienna 1190 (Austria) Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) Piazzale Flaminio Roma 900196 (Italy) Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Second University of Naples Caserta 81100(Italy)

Zeolitites (ZTs) are rocks containing more than 50% of zeolite minerals and are known to be a suitable material for agricultural purposes by improving soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. However, little is known about their effects on soil microbial biomass. This study aimed to evaluate short-term effects of different chabazite-rich ZT (CHAZT) amendments on soil microbial biomass and activity. A silty-clay agricultural soil was amended in three different ways, including the addition of natural (5% and 15%) and NH_4^+-enriched (10%) CHAZT. Soil dissolved organic carbon (C), total dissolved N, NH_4^+, NO_3^-, NO_2^-, microbial biomass C and N, and ergosterol were measured periodically over 16 d in a laboratory incubation. To verify the microbial immobilization of the N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT, a high15N source was used for enriching the mineral to measure the microbial biomass δ15N signature. An increase in the ergosterol content was observed in the soil amended with 5% natural CHAZT. However, no similar result was observed in the soil amended with 15% natural CHAZT, suggesting that the fungal biomass was favored at a lower CHAZT application rate. In the soil amended with NH+ 4-enriched CHAZT, microbial biomass N was related to NO_3^-production over time and inversely related to NH_4^+, suggesting high nitrification process. Isotopic measurements on microbial biomass confirmed immediate assimilation of N derived from NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT. These results suggested that the NH_4^+-enriched CHAZT used in this study supplied an immediately available N pool to the microbial biomass.

关键词： ergosterol microbial biomass δ15N natural zeolite NH4+-enriched zeolite nitrification slow-release fertilizer

Diet composition of the lizard P odarcis lilfordi (Lacertidae) on 2 small islands: an individualresource network approach

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 39-49页

作者： Silvia SANTAMARIA Camilla Aviaaja ENOKSEN Jens M.OLESEN giacomo TAVECCHIA Andreu ROTGER Jose Manuel IGUAL Anna TRAVESET Global Change Research Group Inst.Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats(CSIC-UIB)C/Miquel Marques 21E07190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain Section for Ecoinformatics&Biodiversity Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus C8000Denmark Animal Ecology and Demography Group Inst.Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats(CSIC-UIB)C/Miquel Marques 21EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsE07190Spain

Despite it is widely accepted that intrapopulation variation is fundamental to ecological and evolutionary processes,this level of information has only recently been included into network analysis of species/population *** done,it has revealed non-random patterns in the distribution of trophic *** in resource use among individuals is the most recurrent observed pattern,often accompanied by an absence of modularity,but no previous studies examine bipartite *** use network analysis to describe the diet composition of the Balearic endemic lizard Podarcis lilfordi in 2 islets at population and individual levels,based on the occurrence of food items in fecal *** objectives are to 1)compare niche structure at both levels,2)characterize niche partition using nestedness and modularity,and 3)assess how size,sex,season,and spatial location influence niche *** population-level niche width was wide,but narrow at the level of the *** islet networks were nested,indicating similar ranking of the food preferences among individuals,but also modular,which was partially explained by *** and body size did not notably affect diet *** niche overlap and therefore possibly relaxed competition were observed among females in one of the islets and during spring on both ***,higher modularity in autumn suggests that higher competition could lead to specialization in both populations,because resources are usually scarce in this *** absence of spatial location influence on niche might respond to fine-grained spatio-temporally distribution of food *** traits,not included in this study,could also influence resource partitioning.

关键词： Balearic Islands individual diet composition individual-level network modularity nestedness population niche width

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欧洲碎片——光影中的欧洲记行之三

微型计算机 2006年第17期26卷 140-141页

作者： giacomo

德国：在理性与疯狂的苍穹下德国盛产哲学家。康德，黑格尔，尼采，海德格尔，维特根斯坦……似乎德国人天生就喜欢沉思，用理性思辨来解释世界，就连他们的语言，也是斩钉截铁，逻辑分明的。而电影，作为一种形象化的语言，自然也成为... 详细信息

德国：在理性与疯狂的苍穹下德国盛产哲学家。康德，黑格尔，尼采，海德格尔，维特根斯坦……似乎德国人天生就喜欢沉思，用理性思辨来解释世界，就连他们的语言，也是斩钉截铁，逻辑分明的。而电影，作为一种形象化的语言，自然也成为德国人思索的工具。

关键词：欧洲光影维特根斯坦德国人海德格尔哲学家黑格尔形象化理性《柏林苍穹下》

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欧洲碎片——光影中的欧洲记行·意大利篇

微型计算机 2006年第11期26卷 140-141页

作者： giacomo

意大利像只长统靴插进地中海，左边看她是慵懒而优美的，右边看她是躁动而坚定的，特殊的环境造成了意大利人的双重性格，时而如海水一般温柔细腻，时而如火焰一样热情奔放。

关键词：意大利欧洲光影碎片地中海双重性

5-ASA colonic mucosal concentrations resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations in ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第34期19卷 5665-5670页

作者： Renata D’Incà Martina Paccagnella Romilda Cardin Surajit Pathak Vincenzo Baldo Maria Cecilia Giron giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological SciencesUniversity of Padua Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health Institute of HygieneUniversity of Padua Department of Pharmacology and Anaesthesiology University of Florence

AIM:To compare the mucosal concentrations of 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA)resulting from different pharmaceutical formulations and analyse the influence of inflammation on the mucosal ***:The study included 130 inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients receiving 5-ASA as pH-dependent-release formulations(73 patients),time-dependent-release formulations(11 patients),or pro-drugs(18patients).In addition,28 patients were receiving topical treatment(2-4 g/d)with pH-dependent-release *** biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid region during the *** 5-ASA concentrations(ng/mg)were measured in tissue homogenatesusing high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical *** t test and Mann-Whitney test,when appropriate,were used for statistical ***:Patients receiving pH-dependent-release formulations showed significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA(51.75±5.72 ng/mg)compared with patients receiving pro-drugs(33.35±5.78 ng/mg,P=0.01)or time-dependent-release formulations(38.24±5.53 ng/mg,P=0.04).Patients with endoscopic remission had significantly higher mucosal concentrations of5-ASA than patients with active disease(60.14±7.95ng/mg vs 35.66±5.68 ng/mg,P=0.02).Similar results were obtained when we compared patients with the histological appearance of remission and patients with active histological inflammation(67.53±9.22 ng/mg vs 35.53±5.63 ng/mg,P<0.001).Significantly higher mucosal concentrations of 5-ASA were detected in patients treated with both oral and topical treatments in combination compared with patients who received oral treatment with pH-dependent-release formulations alone(72.33±11.23 ng/mg vs 51.75±5.72 ng/mg,P=0.03).CONCLUSION:IBD patients showed significant variability in mucosal 5-ASA concentrations depending on the type of formulation,and the highest mean concentration was achieved using pH-dependent-release formulations.

关键词： 5-aminosalicylic acid Inflammatory bowel diseases Mucosal concentration

Liver transplantation for hepatic tumors:a systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第18期20卷 5345-5352页

作者： Matteo Ravaioli Giorgio Ercolani Flavia Neri Matteo Cescon giacomo Stacchini Massimo Del Gaudio Alessandro Cucchetti Antonio Daniele Pinna Department of General Surgery and Transplantation Sant’Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna40138 BolognaItaly

Improvements in the medical and pharmacological management of liver transplantation (LT) recipients have led to a better long-term outcome and extension of the indications for this procedure. Liver tumors are relevant to LT; however, the use of LT to treat malignancies remains a debated issue because the high risk of recurrence. In this review we considered LT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), liver metastases (LM) and other rare tumors. We reviewed the literature, focusing on the past 10 years. The highly selected Milan criteria of LT for HCC (single nodule < 5 cm or up to 3 nodules < 3 cm) have been recently extended by a group from the University of S. Francisco (1 lesion < 6.5 cm or up to 3 lesions < 4.5 cm) with satisfying results in terms of recurrence-free survival and the “up-to-seven criteria”. Moreover, using these criteria, other transplant groups have recently developed downstaging protocols, including surgical or loco-regional treatments of HCC, which have increased the post-operative survival of recipients. CCA may be treated by LT in patients who cannot undergo liver resection because of underlying liver disease or for anatomical technical challenges. A well-defined protocol of chemoirradiation and staging laparotomy before LT has been developed by the Mayo Clinic, which has resulted in long term disease-free survival comparable to other indications. LT for LM has also been investigated by multicenter studies. It offers a real benefit for metastases from neuroendocrine tumors that are well differentiated and when a major extrahepatic resection is not required. If LT is an option in these selected cases, liver metastases from colorectal cancer is still a borderline indication because data concerning the disease-free survival are still lacking. Hepatoblastoma and hemangioendothelioma represent rare primary tumors for which LT is often the only possible and effective cure because

关键词： Liver transplantation Liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Neuroendocrine carcinoma Liver metastases Hepatoblastoma Hemangioendothelioma