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A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 2617-2632页

作者： Mumtaz ali Shah Farrukh Zeeshan Khan ghulam Abbas Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxilaPakistan Telecommunications and Networking Research Center GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and TechnologyTopi23640Pakistan

Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic ***-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic ***,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen *** to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this *** urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of *** this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a *** results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks bi-directional road traffic routing protocol emergency message broadcasting direction-based greedy forwarding

Push-Based Content Dissemination and Machine Learning-Oriented Illusion Attack Detection in Vehicular Named Data Networking

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3131-3150页

作者： Arif Hussain Magsi ghulam Muhammad Sajida Karim Saifullah Memon Zulfiqar ali State Key Laboratory ofNetworking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of EssexColchesterCO43SQUK

Recent advancements in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET)have tremendously addressed road-related ***,Named Data Networking(NDN)in VANET has emerged as a vital technology due to its outstanding ***,the NDN communication framework fails to address two important *** current NDN employs a pull-based content retrieval network,which is inefficient in disseminating crucial content in Vehicular Named Data Networking(VNDN).Additionally,VNDN is vulnerable to illusion attackers due to the administrative-less network of autonomous *** various solutions have been proposed for detecting vehicles’behavior,they inadequately addressed the challenges specific to *** deal with these two issues,we propose a novel push-based crucial content dissemination scheme that extends the scope of VNDN from pullbased content retrieval to a push-based content forwarding *** addition,we exploitMachine Learning(ML)techniques within VNDN to detect the behavior of vehicles and classify them as attackers or *** trained and tested our system on the publicly accessible dataset Vehicular Reference Misbehavior(VeReMi).We employed fiveML classification algorithms and constructed the bestmodel for illusion attack *** results indicate that RandomForest(RF)achieved excellent accuracy in detecting all illusion attack types in VeReMi,with an accuracy rate of 100%for type 1 and type 2,96%for type 4 and type 16,and 95%for type ***,RF can effectively evaluate the behavior of vehicles and identify attacker vehicles with high *** ultimate goal of our research is to improve content exchange and ***,ourML-based attack detection and preventionmechanismensures trustworthy content dissemination and prevents attacker vehicles from sharing misleading information in VNDN.

关键词： Named data networking vehicular networks pull-push illusion attack machine learning

A Novel Auto-Annotation Technique for Aspect Level Sentiment Analysis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 4987-5004页

作者： Muhammad Aasim Qureshi Muhammad Asif Mohd Fadzil Hassan ghulam Mustafa Muhammad Khurram Ehsan Aasim ali Unaza Sajid Department of Computer Sciences Bahria UniversityLahore Campus54000Pakistan Computer and Information Science Department University TeknologiPetronas32610Malaysia

In machine learning,sentiment analysis is a technique to find and analyze the sentiments hidden in the *** sentiment analysis,annotated data is a basic ***,this data is manually *** annotation is time consuming,costly and laborious *** overcome these resource constraints this research has proposed a fully automated annotation technique for aspect level sentiment *** is created from the reviews of ten most popular songs on *** of five aspects—voice,video,music,lyrics and song,are *** N-Gram based technique is *** dataset consists of 369436 reviews that took 173.53 s to annotate using the proposed technique while this dataset might have taken approximately 2.07 million seconds(575 h)if it was annotated *** the validation of the proposed technique,a sub-dataset—Voice,is annotated manually as well as with the proposed ***’s Kappa statistics is used to evaluate the degree of agreement between the two *** high Kappa value(i.e.,0.9571%)shows the high level of agreement between the *** validates that the quality of annotation of the proposed technique is as good as manual annotation even with far less computational *** research also contributes in consolidating the guidelines for the manual annotation process.

关键词： Machine learning natural language processing annotation semi-annotated technique reviews annotation text annotation corpus annotation

An Automated and Real-time Approach of Depression Detection from Facial Micro-expressions

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2513-2528页

作者： ghulam Gilanie Mahmood ul Hassan Mutyyba Asghar ali Mustafa Qamar Hafeez Ullah Rehan Ullah Khan Nida Aslam Irfan Ullah Khan Department of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of ComputingThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Computer Skills Deanship of Preparatory YearNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Biophotonics Imaging Techniques Laboratory Institute of PhysicsThe Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia

Depression is a mental psychological disorder that may cause a physical disorder or lead to *** is highly impactful on the socialeconomical life of a person;therefore,its effective and timely detection is *** speech and gait,facial expressions have valuable clues to *** study proposes a depression detection system based on facial expression *** features have been used for depression detection using Support Vector Machine(SVM)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).We extracted micro-expressions using Facial Action Coding System(FACS)as Action Units(AUs)correlated with the sad,disgust,and contempt features for depression detection.A CNN-based model is also proposed in this study to auto classify depressed subjects from images or videos in *** have been performed on the dataset obtained from Bahawal Victoria Hospital,Bahawalpur,Pakistan,as per the patient health questionnaire depression scale(PHQ-8);for inferring the mental condition of a *** experiments revealed 99.9%validation accuracy on the proposed CNN model,while extracted features obtained 100%accuracy on ***,the results proved the superiority of the reported approach over state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Depression detection facial micro-expressions facial landmarked images

A U-Net-Based CNN Model for Detection and Segmentation of Brain Tumor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1333-1349页

作者： Rehana ghulam Sammar Fatima Tariq ali Nazir Ahmad Zafar Abdullah A.Asiri Hassan A.Alshamrani Samar M.Alqhtani Khlood M.Mehdar Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal CampusSahiwal57000Pakistan Radiological Sciences Department College of applied medical sciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Anatomy Department Medicine CollegeNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

Human brain consists of millions of cells to control the overall structure of the human *** these cells start behaving abnormally,then brain tumors *** and initial stage brain tumor detection has always been an issue in the field of medicines for medical *** handle this issue,various deep learning techniques for brain tumor detection and segmentation techniques have been developed,which worked on different datasets to obtain fruitful results,but the problem still exists for the initial stage of detection of brain tumors to save human *** this purpose,we proposed a novel U-Net-based Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)technique to detect and segmentizes the brain tumor for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).Moreover,a 2-dimensional publicly available Multimodal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation(BRATS2020)dataset with 1840 MRI images of brain tumors has been used having an image size of 240×240 *** initial dataset preprocessing the proposed model is trained by dividing the dataset into three parts i.e.,testing,training,and validation *** model attained an accuracy value of 0.98%on the BRATS2020 dataset,which is the highest one as compared to the already existing techniques.

关键词： U-net brain tumor magnetic resonance images convolutional neural network segmentation

Design and Development of Low-cost Wearable Electroencephalograms (EEG) Headset

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 2821-2835页

作者： Riaz Muhammad Ahmed ali M.Abid Anwar Toufique Ahmed Soomro Omar AlShorman Adel Alshahrani Mahmoud Masadeh ghulam Md Ashraf Naif H.ali Muhammad Irfan Athanasios Alexiou Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA University65200SukkurPakistan Department of Electronic Engineering Quaid-e-Awam University of EngineeringScience and TechnologyLarkana77150Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and AlShrouk Trading Company Najran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences-Physiotherapy Program College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Computer Engineering Department Yarmouk UniversityIrbid21163Jordan Pre-Clinical Research Unit King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran University Saudi ArabiaNajran61441Saudi Arabia Novel Global Community Educational Foundation HebershamNSW 2770AustraliaAFNP Med AustriaWien2770Austria

Electroencephalogram(EEG)is a method of capturing the electrophy-siological signal of the *** EEG headset is a wearable device that records electrophysiological data from the *** paper presents the design and fab-rication of a customized low-cost Electroencephalogram(EEG)headset based on the open-source OpenBCI Ultracortex Mark IV *** electrode placement locations are modiﬁed under a 10–20 standard *** fabricated headset is then compared to commercially available headsets based on the following para-meters:affordability,accessibility,noise,signal quality,and ***,the data is recorded from 20 subjects who used the EEG Headset,and signals were ***,the participants marked the accuracy,set up time,participant comfort,and participant perceived ease of set-up on a scale of 1 to 7(7 being excellent).Thirdly,the self-designed EEG headband is used by 5 participants for slide *** raw EEG signal is decomposed into a series of band sig-nals using discrete wavelet transform(DWT).Lastly,theseﬁndings have been compared to previously reported *** concluded that when used for slide-changing control,our self-designed EEG headband had an accuracy of 82.0 *** also concluded from the results that our headset performed well on the cost-effectiveness scale,had a reduced setup time of 2±0.5 min(the short-est among all being compared),and demonstrated greater ease of use.

关键词： Brain-computer interface EEG consumer-grade accessibility headset

A Note on Classification of Spatially Homogeneous Rotating Space-Times According to Their Teleparallel Killing Vector Fields in Teleparallel Theory of Gravitation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第2期55卷 268-272页

作者： ghulam Shabbir Suhail Khan Amjad ali Faculty of Engineering Sciences GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology Topi Swabi NWFP Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences and Islamiat University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar NWFP Pakistan

In this paper we classify spatially homogeneous rotating space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields using direct integration *** turns out that the dimension of the teleparallel Killing vector fields is 5 or *** the case of 10 teleparallel Killing vector fields the space-time becomes Minkowski and all the torsion components are *** Killing vector fields in this case are exactly the same as in general *** the cases of 5 teleparallel Killing vector fields we get two more conservation laws in the teleparallel theory of *** we also discuss some well-known examples of spatially homogeneous rotating space-times according to their teleparallel Killing vector fields.

关键词：时间平移划分空间引力理论向量场旋转分类闵可夫斯基广义相对论

Investigation of CO2 solubility in monoethanolamine hydrochloride based deep eutectic solvents and physical properties measurements

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第11期28卷 2848-2856页

作者： Khatereh ali Pishro ghulam Murshid Farouq Sabri Mjalli Jamil Naser Department of Petroleum&Chemical Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman

Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have drawn a growing research interest for applications in a wide range of scientific and industrial ***,a limited effort has been reported in the area of gas separation processes and particularly the carbon dioxide *** study introduces a novel set of DESs that were prepared by complexing ethylenediamine(EDA),monoethanolamine(MEA),tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA),triethylenetetramine(TETA)and diethylenetriamine(DETA)as hydrogen bond donors to monoethanolamide hydrochloride(EAHC)salt as a hydrogen bond *** absorption capacity of CO2 was evaluated by exploiting a method based on measuring the pressure drop during the absorption *** solubility of different DESs was studied at a temperature of 313.15 K and initial pressure of 0.8 *** DES systems 1 EAHC:9 DETA,1 EAHC:9 TETA and 1 EAHC:9 TEPA achieved the highest CO2 solubility of 0.6611,0.6572 and 0.7017 mol CO2·(mole DES)-1 *** results showed that CO2 solubility in the DESs increased with increasing the molar ratio of hydrogen bond *** addition,the CO2 solubility increased as the number of amine groups in the solvent increases,therefore,increasing the alkyl chain length in the DESs,resulted in increasing the CO2 *** analysis confirms the DES synthesis since no new functional group was *** FTIR spectra also revealed the carbamate formation in DES-CO2 *** addition,the densities and viscosities of the synthesized DESs were also *** CO2 initial investigation of reported DESs shows that these can be potential alternative for conventional solvents in CO2 capture processes.

关键词： Greenhouse gases Deep eutectic solvents CO2 solubility Density Viscosity

Numerical simulations of reaction-diffusion equations modeling prey-predator interaction with delay

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第4期11卷 179-195页

作者： Ishtiaq ali ghulam Rasool Saleh Alrashed Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark Road Chak Shahzad 44000 Islamabad Pakistan College of Computer Science and Information Technology Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University KSA

To model biological systems one often uses ordinary and partial differential equations. These equations can be quite good at approximating observed behavior, but they suffer from the downfall of containing many parameters, often signifying quantities which cannot be determined experimentally. For the better understanding of complicated phenomena, the delay differential equation approach to model such phenomena is becoming more and more essential to capture the rich variety of dynamics observed in natural systems. In this study, we investigated numerically the influence of delay on the dynamics of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations modeling prey–predator interaction using finite difference scheme subject to appropriate initial and boundary conditions. We first consider the prey–predator with Holling type II functional response where the growth of prey is assumed to be logistic in the sense of predator in one-dimensional space. The effect of delay was investigated with the help of simulations and is compared with the model equation without delay. The proposed method is then extended to two-dimensional space.

关键词：微分方程食肉动物数字模拟相互作用延期建模猎物反应